Resolution resolved: The United States federal government should substantially curtail its domestic surveillance. Violations

PURPOSE IS KEY

The purpose of observation determines whether it is surveillance

Huey 9 Laura Huey, prof of sociology, University of Western Ontario, 2009 Surveillance: Power, Problems, and Politics, Sean P. Hier and Josh Greenberg, eds p 221

For Colin Bennett (2005), such an understanding of surveillance is insufficient. Bennett argues that the use of technology to systematically capture and analyze data must be understood in relation to institutional, cultural, and political contexts and goals: an action alone does not constitute surveillance; it does so only in relation to its stated uses and goals. To illustrate this point, Bennett distinguished between the mundane collection and use of his personal data when taking a flight to Toronto and the experience of someone who has been targeted for close observation and special treatment by virtue of his or her name or meal preferences. According to Bennett, then, understanding surveillance as the simple act of watching over – the mother over the child, for example, "trivializes" its meaning, its uses, and the experience of its targets.

SURVEILLANCE IS LAW ENFORCEMENT INFO GATHERING

Surveillance is law enforcement's gathering of information on criminals and security threats

Hier 9 Sean P. Hier, prof of Sociology, University of Vivtoria, and Josh Greenberg, prof of communication studies, Carleton University, 2009 Surveillance: Power, Problems, and Politics, Sean P. Hier and Josh Greenberg, eds p 15

Surveillance is commonly understood as an activity that law enforcement agencies engage in to gather information about criminals and other wrong-doers. When many people think of surveillance, images of espionage and secret policing activities come to mind. Following the 11 September 2001 attacks on Washington and New York, and the 7 July 2005 bus and train bombings in London, surveillance has also increasingly been understood in terms of border security provisions and anti-terrorism measures. Border security and formal law enforcement operations – overt and covert – are important forms of contemporary surveillance. But when surveillance is represented primarily if not exclusively as a security issue, the term fosters images of a relatively small and powerful group of people who have the means and the desire to monitor the masses (see also Haggerty's forward to this volume).

SURVEILLANCE IS SYSTEMATIC INFO COLLECTION

Surveillance is systematic collection of information

Kalhan 14 Anil Kalhan, Associate Professor of Law, Drexel University. Maryland Law Review 2014 74 Md. L. Rev. 1 Article: IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE lexis

A. The Functions and Practices of Immigration Surveillance

As conceptualized by John Gilliom and Torin Monahan, surveillance involves "the systematic monitoring, gathering, and analysis of information in order to make decisions, minimize risk, sort populations, and exercise power." n112 In this Section, I identify and analyze a series of specific surveillance practices and technologies that have become increasingly important components of immigration enforcement strategies. The processes and technologies that comprise the information infrastructure of immigration enforcement enable new approaches to four distinct sets of surveillance activities: identification, screening and authorization, mobility tracking and control, and information sharing.
Surveillance is systematic monitoring

Kalhan 14 Anil Kalhan, Associate Professor of Law, Drexel University. Maryland Law Review 2014 74 Md. L. Rev. 1 Article: IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE lexis

n4. John Gilliom & Torin Monahan, SuperVision: An Introduction to the Surveillance Society 2 (2013) (defining surveillance as involving "systematic monitoring, gathering, and analysis of information in order to make decisions, minimize risk, sort populations, and exercise power"); David Lyon, Surveillance Studies: An Overview 14 (2007); Jack M. Balkin, The Constitution in the National Surveillance State, 93 Minn. L. Rev. 1 (2008); Gary T. Marx, What's New About the "New Surveillance"? Classifying for Change and Continuity, 1 Surveillance & Soc'y 9, 18 (2002).

DOD 5 Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/surveillance

Surveillance

The systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. See also air surveillance; satellite and missile surveillance; sea surveillance.

SURVEILLANCE IS GATHERING INFO TO CONTROL (LYON)_

Surveillance is systemtic, routine observation of individuals for the purpose of influence or control

Richards 13 Neil M. Richards, Professor of Law, Washington University School of Law. Harvard Law Review May, 2013 126 Harv. L. Rev. 1934 SYMPOSIUM: PRIVACY AND TECHNOLOGY: THE DANGERS OF SURVEILLANCE lexis

What, then, is surveillance? Scholars working throughout the English-speaking academy have produced a thick descriptive literature examining the nature, causes, and implications of the age of surveillance. n6 Working under the umbrella term of "surveillance studies," these scholars represent both the social sciences and humanities, with sociologists making many of the most significant contributions. n7

Reviewing the vast surveillance studies literature, Professor David Lyon concludes that surveillance is primarily about power, but it is also about personhood. n8 Lyon offers a definition of surveillance as "the focused, systematic and routine attention to personal details for purposes of influence, management, protection or direction." n9 Four aspects of this definition are noteworthy, as they expand our understanding of what surveillance is and what its purposes are. First, it is focused on learning information about individuals. Second, surveillance is systematic; it is intentional rather than random or arbitrary. Third, surveillance is routine - a part of the ordinary administrative apparatus that characterizes modern societies. n10 Fourth, surveillance can have a wide variety of purposes - rarely totalitarian domination, but more typically subtler forms of influence or control. n11

Surveillance is gathering data to influence

Lyon 1 David Lyon, prof of sociology, Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario 2001 Surveillance Society p.2

What is surveillance? In this context, it is any collection and processing of personal data, whether identifiable or not, for the purpose of influencing or managing those whose data have been garnered. Notice immediately that I used the words 'personal data'. The surveillance discussed here does not usually involve embodied persons watching each other. Rather, it seeks out factual fragments abstracted from individuals. Today, the most important means of surveillance reside in computer power, which allows collected data to be stored, matched, retrieved, processed, marketed and circulated. Even if the data go beyond mere numbers or names to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes or photographic images, the technologies that enable surveillance to occur involve computer power. It is the massive growth in computer application areas and technical enhancement that makes communication and information technologies central to surveillance.