Revised Ordinance Governing

Persons with post graduate medical qualification MD in Hospital Administration or equivalent, from an institution recognized by Medical Council of India shall have 5 years administrative experience in senior grade in a multi specialty hospital having 100 beds approved by RGUHS.

8.4.. Professor: Four years of teaching experience as Associate Professor.

8.5. Principal : A person having qualification and teaching experience required for professor can hold the post of Principal.

9. Guide: Qualification and Experience required for recognition as a guide to supervise dissertation work.

Masters in Hospital Administration – (MHA)

SECTION II - Objectives

Objectives: To acquire the requisite knowledge on the philosophy, objectives, structure, staffing, relationships, operating policies, systems and methods, problems of various departments/services of a hospital for the effective and efficient performance of hospitals.

At the end of the course, the student should:

Develop understanding of multidisciplinary and multidimensional nature 0f hospital management and acquire basic insight into functional discipline.

Apply Scientific management approach and managerial tools to improve managerial skills.

Develop strategic thinking and critical awareness of management style and constantly weigh its appropriateness to deal with various professional groups, skilled and unskilled staff, patients their families and members of the community.

Be deeply committed and sensitive to the need of patients as well as community

Be cost conscious with commitment to keep service cost within the reach of the users.

Apply total quality management technique (TMQ).

SECTION III

Course Content

First Semester

HA-101 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVE: To introduce general principles of management and their relevance to hospital administrators and to bring awareness about the skills needed for translating management into action.

Chapter 1:

Introduction to Management: Meaning and Nature of management, development of management thought, schools of management thought, management process, management in 21st century.

6 Hours

Chapter 2:

Functions of Management:

Planning: Basics of planning, steps, types of plans - Organization: Meaning and definitions, steps in organization, theories, organization structure, delegation of authority, generalization and de-centralization -

20Hours

Chapter 3:

Functions of Management 1

Staffing: Man power planning, recruitment, selection and training - Direction: Principles, motivation, leadership and communication. - Control: process, quality, control techniques.

20Hours

Chapter 4:

Functional Areas of Management: Meaning and dimensions of finance, marketing, human resources, production and operational management.

Management in Action: developing conceptual, analytical, inter-personal and team work skills.

8 Hours

Chapter5:

Application of Management in Health care: Relevance and application, difference between health care and other services as regards management.

6 Hours

NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class.

Books for References:

Stoner, Freeman & Gilbert Jnr – Management- Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd New Delhi.

Heinz Weinrich & Harold Koontz- Management- A global perspective- Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi.

Terry Francicin Principles of Management, AITBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi

Macgrath E H- Basic Managerial Skills for all- Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

Rao V S P & Krishna Hari V (2006) – Management- Text & Cases, Excel Books, New Delhi.

Prasad L M – Principles and Practice of Management – Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.

Tripathi P C & Reddy P N – Principles of Management.

C B Gupta- Principles of Management.

HA 102-ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

OBJECTIVE: To familiarize students with interpersonal & intrapersonal relations, their behavioral inputs in organizational settings in order to help them and understand their superiors, subordinates, peers, patients/customers better.

Chapter 1:

Foundation of Organizational Behavior - Nature of organizations/ why organizations exist- Models of Organizational Behavior - Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behavior

3 hours

Chapter 2:

Foundation of Individual behaviour, personal factors, environmental factors, organizational systems & resources, psychological factors – Values, attitudes, job satisfaction, learning – Personality: Structure, Determinants, Personality Traits – Perception: Process, factors influencing, Nature & importance, Errors in perception, Managing Perception – Motivation: Importance, Meaning, Motivation theories- early, content and process theories – Applied motivation practices: job design, rewards, job enrichment, behaviour modification, Organizational Behavior model, Goal setting, Quality of Work Life – Work stress- model, causes, forms of stress, frustration, stress and job performance.

15 hours

Chapter 3:

Nature of groups, types of groups, why people form groups – Dynamics of groups, Group development determinants of group behaviour, group cohesiveness, group norms – Group Decision making, styles, strategies & models for decision making – Leadership: Objectivs, Nature & Importance, Styles and their implications – Communication; Roles, uses, types, process, barriers, overcoming barriers, listening, grapevine, modes of communication, body language, feedback, Committees, Meetings, Written Communication: basic principles of business communication- letters

15 hours

Chapter 4:

Organisation Theory & Design: importance of organization design, factors, types, managerial implications- Organisation culture: meaning, dimensions, creation and sustenance of culture, types – Organisational change- nature, levels, importance, types, implementing change, resistance to change – Conflict & Negotiation; Nature, process, levels, resolution, conflict management styles, guidelines for effective negotiation.

15 hours

Chapter5:

Power & Politics; Meaning of power, sources of power, effective use of power, approaches to power, political implications of power - Emerging challenges, managing diversity, globalization, trends in international business, individual behaviour in the global perspective- Organisational Effectiveness.

12 Hours

TOTAL 60 Hours

NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class.

Books recommended:

Fred Luthans: Organisational Behaviour – Mcgraw Hill

Stephen Robbins: Organisational Behaviour – Prentice Hall of India

John W Newstrom & Keith Davis: Organisational Behaviour – Tata McGraw Hill

Johns, Gary – Organisational Behaviour.

Reddy, Appannaiah & Kavitha – Organisational Behaviour , Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.

Nair, Suja R – Organisational Behaviour – Text & Cases, Himalaya Publishing House

K Ashwathappa; Organisational Behaviour – Himalaya Publishing House.

V S P Rao – Organisational Behaviour

HA 103. Statistics Operation Research and Research Methodology including Research Ethics

OBJECTIVE: To provide and understanding to the student on basic principles of business statistics, research methods followed report writing and know their relevance and applications in healthcare

Chapter1:

Business statistics – significance and scope –application in decision making – data collection – questionnaire – classification and tabulation of data – graphical representation of data sampling and its methods

12 hours

Chapter 2:

Measures of Central Tendency , Measures of Dispersion, Correlation and Regression analysis – their ascertainment and application in business and healthcare – Probability: its calculation, distribution and theorems

18 hours

Chapter 3:

An Overview of PERT & CPM Techniques – Queuing Theory – Linear Programming Problems – Simulation – Decision making theories - Time series analysis – Forecasting methods – Business forecasting and time series.

10 hours

Chapter 4:

Research Problem formulation – Planning research variables – Parameters – steps in research process, designing the study, sampling design, scaling techniques, pilot study, data analysis and interpretation, reporting the results and ethics in research.

10 hours

Chapter 5:

Formulation and testing of hypothesis, tools of testing – Chi Square – Anova, Anocova – Writing dissertation & research proposal, the steps and the process.

10 Hours

TOTAL 60 Hours

NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class.

Recommended Books

Cooper R Donald, Schindler S Pamela (2001) – Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw Hill Publications Ltd, New Delhi

Gupta S P (2001) Statistical Methods, Sulthan Chand & Sons New Delhi

Golden Biddle, Koren and Karen D Locke (1997) – Composing quantitative Research , Sage Publications, New Delhi.

Hamdy A Taha – Operations Research: An Introduction.

Kothari C R.- Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques

Norma G Reid – Research Methodology & Statistics in Healthcare.

Mike Luck – Research in Healthcare.

HA 104- ACCOUNTING IN HEALTHCARE

OBJECTIVE: To familiarize the students with the concepts, principles and techniques of financial, cost and management accounting branches and their application in managerial decision making in hospitals.

Chapter 1:

Financial accounting – introduction- concepts and connections, accounting systems, Basic records – Classification of expenditure – capital & Revenue- Trial Balance, Preparation of financial accounts.

10 Hours

Chapter 2:

Disclosure of information – Fixed Assets and equipments, Depreciation Accounting Inventory Valuation – Accounting information and its application in healthcare – human resource accounting.

10 hours

Chapter 3:

Cost Accounting- classification – overview costing methods and systems – application of marginal and standard costing principles – budgets and budgetary control – Material, labour and overheads in service organizations – Service costing – cost accounting and decision making- activity based cost systems in service functions- Break even Analysis- cost of healthcare and health services.

15 Hours

Chapter 4:

Pricing of Hospital services – pricing policy, demand oriented, competition oriented contribution and backward pricing systems- Depreciation- rate Revision, Hospital Rate setting, taxes- Pricing in charitable hospital and pricing of new equipment etc.

10 Hours

Chapter 5:

Management Accounting and its role- Analysis of financial statements – Cost-Volume –Profit analysis- Ratio Analysis and its utility in healthcare – Cash flow and Fund Flow statements – Management of working capital – budget manual and administration – Mechanics of budget preparation.

10 Hours

Chapter 6:

Sources of funds – Equity funds, loan funds – Leasing and installment purchases – short term funds – accounting controls – Internal Controls- Income from the hospital services – dietary services etc - computerized accounting in hospitals – emerging trends in accounting in healthcare.

05 Hours

TOTAL 60 Hours

NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class.

Recommended books:

Kulkarni, G. R, (2003) Managerial Accounting for Hospitals, Mumbai

IGNOU (2005) MS-4 Accounting and Finance for Managers, IGNOU, New Delhi.

Bhattacharya, S K & John Deardren ( 2001), Accounting for Mangament, Text & Cases, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.

Jawaharlal (2002), Accounting for Management, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

Khan & Jain( 2001) Cost & Management Accounting, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.

Pandey, I. M, (2001) Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.

Jain & Narang (2001) Cost Accounting, S Chand & Co, New Delhi.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

Theory: - There shall be four papers of 3 hrs duration, carrying 100 marks each.

MHA First semester (Theory)

THEORY EXAMINATION

Duration : 3 Hrs Max Marks:100

Distribution of Marks

Type of questions

No of questions for each subject

No. of questions and marks for each question

Total Marks

Long Essay

2

2x20

40

Short Essay

6

06x10

60

Paper wise questions

HA-101 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

TOPIC

PERCENTAGE/

WEIGHTAGE

Section

Introduction to Management

20%

Short Essay

Functions of Management

30 %

Long & Short Essay

Functions of Management 1

30%

Short Essay

Functional Areas of Management

10%

Short Essay

Application of Management in Health care

10%

Short Essay

HA- 102-ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

TOPIC

PERCENTAGE/

WEIGHTAGE

Section

Foundation of Organizational Behavior

10 %

Short Essay

Individual behavior, Personality, Perception, Motivation, Quality of Work Life , Work stress

30 %

Long & Short Essay

Groups, Leadership, Communication

30 %

Long & Short Essay

Organisation Theory & Design, Organisation culture, Organisational change, Conflict

20 %

Long or Short Essay

Power & Politics, Emerging challenges,Organizational Effectiveness

10 %

Short Essay

HA-103 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

TOPIC/ NUMBER

PERCENTAGE/

WEIGHTAGE

Section

Chapter 1

20%

Long & Short Essay

Chapter 2

30%

Long & Short Essay

Chapter 3

20%

Long & Short Essay

Chapter 4

20%

Long & Short Essay

Chapter 5

10%

Short Essay

HA 104- ACCOUNTING FOR HEALTHCARE

TOPIC/ NUMBER

PERCENTAGE/

WEIGHTAGE

Section

Chapter 1

10%

Short Essay

Chapter 2

10%

Short Essay

Chapter 3

30%

Long & Short Essay

Chapter 4

25%

Long Essay

Chapter 5

15%

Long or Short Essay

Chapter 6

10%

Short Essay

Second Semester

HA-201 EPIDEMIOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION & MEDICAL ETHICS

OBJECTIVE: To create understanding about health environment of the country, the development of health services in India, and other essential health issues faced and their effect on formation of health policies for the country.

Chapter 1:

Introduction, History of medicine - Modern Medicines - Changing concepts in public health – Medical evolution – healthcare revolution – Concept of health and disease – Principles of disease transmission & disease control.

4 hours

Chapter 2:

Vital Statistics – Principles of epidemiological studies and epidemiological methods – Types of epidemiological studies, interpreting epidemiological data, surveillance, monitoring, notifiable diseases, International classification of Diseases (ICD), Death certification.

8 hours

Chapter 3:

Need & demand for healthcare – Role of different healthcare institutions from grass root levels to specialty levels, Indigenous system of medicine – Role of healthcare institutions, primary healthcare, healthcare organization – National Health Programmes

8 hours

Chapter 4:

Community involvement & participation, community Health Programmes, Community diagnosis – Allocation of resources in Five Year Plans and other health programmes – Maternal & Child Health, Family welfare – Occupational Health – Environmental Health – Genetics – Geriatric Health – Nutrition and health – Mental Health. 10 hours

Chapter 5:

Health Education – Principles: Methods, Materials – Communication for health education: Mass Media, Mass Communication – Health Planning and management – Health Policy – Health Committees. 10 hours

Chapter 6:

Healthcare System – International Health Problems. 04 hours

Chapter 7:

Medical Ethics- basic issues, importance, process of developing and implementing ethics and values in an institution – Learning Medical Ethics – Codes of Conduct: Hippocrates Oath & Declaration of Geneva – MCI Regulations (Professional conduct etiquette and ethics)

5 hours

Chapter 8:

Confidentiality and professional secrecy – Irrational drug therapy – defensive medicine – Ethics of trust vs ethics of rights- autonomy and informed consent – Understanding of patient rights – Universal accessibility – Equity and Social justice – human dignity.

5 hours

Chapter 9:

Care of terminally ill: Euthanasia – Distributive justice in health care - Alternate medicine: Spiritual dimensions of healthcare, Holistic approaches to healthcare –

ethics in organ transplantation, HIV/AIDS, Genetics, Human Experimentation, Clinical Trials.

6 hours

TOTAL 60 Hours

NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class.

Books recommended:

J E Park & K Park(2005) – Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, Banarisdas Bhanot, Jabalpur.

J H Helberg – Community Health

David Morley & others – Practising Health for all.

Stephen E Gray – Community Health

Gill Watt – Health Policy

Sathe & Sathe(1997) – Epidemiology & Management for Healthcare for all Popular Books.

7. Francis C M – Medical Ethics – Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi

HA 202- FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE

OBJECTIVE: It is to equip the students with the issues and scope of FM and its utility as an indispensable part of administration and quality control in healthcare.

Chapter 1:

Financial Management- nature, scope, functions, goals – Organising Finance Functions-Risk and Return-Trade off – Time Value of Money – Sources of finance: an overview.

15 hour

Chapter 2

Financial and profit planning- objectives- essentials – types of budgets and budget administration – capital structure and Capital Budgeting – Investment Decisions and Evaluations – Net present value and internal rate of return(IRR)

15 Hours

Chapter 3:

Cash Management – Cash forecasting- cash budgets – investing surplus cash – accounts receivables management – credit policy – credit evaluation – control of receivables – inventory management.

10 Hours

Chapter 4:

Short term and long term financing – issue of shares, debentures and bonds – Lease financing – Other modes of financing – Financial Information System

10 Hours

Chapter 5:

Strategic Financing decisions – Management of earnings – Financial Engineering – Investors selection – financial restructuring – Emerging trends in Health care Finance.

10 Hours

TOTAL 60 Hours

NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class.

Recommended Books

James C Van Horne(2002) – Financial Management Policy,Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

Prasanna Chandra (2001) – Financial Management, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

IGNOU(2005) MS-42 – Capital Investment and Financing Decisions,, Director IGNOU,New Delhi

National Commission on Macro Economics and Health( 2005) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI. Financing and Delivery of Healthcare Services in India NCMH New Delhi

Guy Carrin and Marc Vereecke(1992) – Strategies for Healthcare Finance in Developing Countries,Macmillan, London(Case Studies)

Maheshwari S N. – Financial Management, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

D F Buck – Basic Hospital Finance Management

HA-203 HEALTH ECONOMICS

OBJECTIVE:

To provide understanding of basic economics theories and thoughts, nature and significance of fundamental macro economics and micro economics principles and its application to health care.

Chapter 1

Basic economic theories – Nature and significance of fundamental macro economic and micro economic principles. 6 Hours

Chapter 2

Analysis of demand and supply – Utility Approach to consumer’s behaviour – The law of diminishing marginal utility – The law of equi-marginal utility – Indifference Curve Analysis – Elasticity of Demand – Types – Degrees of price elasticity of demand – Elasticity of supply 10 Hours

[

Chapter 3

Marginal principal in economic action – Cost – Increasing returns – Theory of firm – Price fixation – Role of supply and demand – The time element in economic theory – The concept of normal profit - Market Structure – Perfect Competition – Imperfect Competition – Monopoly – Duopoly – Oligopoly – Monopolistic Competition – Economics of bulk purchase 15 Hours

Chapter 4

National Income – Concepts of National Income – Gross National Product – Net National Product – PDI – Per Capita Income – National Income at factor price and market price – Circular flow – Measurement and difficulties in the measurement of National Income

12 Hours

[

Chapter 5

Theory of distribution – Principles of substitution – Marginal productivity – Wages – Rent - Interest and Profit – Business Economics 07 Hours

Chapter 6

Health Economics – Understanding of welfare economics – Expenditure on health as investment – Advanced Micro economics – Applied Micro economics – Macro economic theory and policy – Cost Benefit Analysis

10 Hours

Total 60 Hours

List of References:

A Primer Of Health System Economics - V RAMAN KUTTY

Advanced Micro Economic Theory - A L AHUJA

Public Economics - B P TYAGI

Advanced Macro economic Theory - M L JHINGAN

Principles of Economics - D N DWIVEDI

Principles of Economics - PAUL A SAMUELSON

HA 204: MATERIALS MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE

OBJECTIVES: To get students acquainted with the principles, policies and procedures for material management, also to understand the nature & scope of materials management.

Chapter 1:

Introduction to material management & stores management: definition, basic scope and importance of Materials Management – Materials Planning

8 Hours

Chapter 2:

Procurement Procedure- Registration of firms – Tender System – Vendor analysis -Purchasing & Purchase Cycle, functions of purchase department, Committee: Purchase, selection and Audit – Receipt & Inspection of Stores – Asset Accounting.

16 Hours

Chapter 3:

Inventory control: meaning, scope & definition, inventory control techniques – EOQ, safety stock, Lead Time, ABC analysis, VED Analysis - Distribution, codification & classification – standardization and simplification & variety reduction – Quality Control – Value Analysis

16 Hours

Chapter 4:

Condemnation & Disposal, Condemning board, Stock outs of Hospital stores, pilferage, preservation of stores – Stores documentation – Role of computers in stores management – stock verification- perpetual inventory system

10 Hours

Chapter 5:

Hospital equipment planning and selection – purchasing capital equipment – feasibility study – import of goods and equipments- documentation & clearance – letter of credit – hospital equipment repair and maintenance- recent trends in hospital stores management.