Results & Discussion
One-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were used to analyze the data of the study. Table 1 presents means and standard deviation for the four PA tasks for each grade. When comparing students’ performance on the task of identifying the initial sound in a word, grade two children had significantly a higher mean score (mean = 8.90) than grade one children (mean = 7.7) as can be seen in Table 2. This result may be due to the fact that by the time Arabic speaking students reach second and third grades, they have already acquired the necessary knowledge related to the alphabetic principle and auditory discrimination skills which in turn enable them to identify the first sound in a word.
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