Сборник материалов международной научной конференции студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов
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В.С. ШукалоРеспублика Беларусь, Брест, БрГТУ Научный руководитель – Т.В. Шишко ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MILITARY SPHEREThere is still no single point of view on the definition of artificial intelligence. To solve this problem you need to find out what intelligence is. Scientists around the world even now spend heated debate about these issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is an academic field of study, which studies the goal of creating intelligence. The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence – the sapience of Homo sapiens – “can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it” [3]. AI aims to improve machine behaviour in tackling complex tasks. Smart machines have now become a reality and researchers are creating systems which can mimic human thought, understand speech, beat the best human chess player, and achieve many other advantages. With the introduction of web-enabled infrastructure rapid developments have been made in the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques in the recent past. AI is the key technology in many of today’s applications in all fields including military. AI methodologies are being applied to support decision making at all levels of military operations such as assessment of force readiness, reliability and capability, complex missions planning and integration of data from multiple sources. Research in the field of AI is also addressing the challenges presented by supporting such decision making in rapidly changing environments. The use of such technology opens up endless possibilities in the military [2]. Today, the military primarily uses AI to process large amounts of information, including videos, signals and intelligence that must be deciphered and analyzed quickly. As developments in AI continue, these tasks may seem almost menial. “A robot would be able to recognize, from the activities its video cameras capture, what the people it’s observing are doing,” explains Dr. Raymond Perrault, director, Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI. “It can tell you that someone is walking through the door, or that two people have met and exchanged a package or that a person is digging a hole by the side of the road [1]. A robot like this with sensors could decide what information is pertinent and report the data to a group of warfighters. These intelligence systems can perceive their environment and adjust. “They manage to do [their mission] while the world changes around them,” Perrault says [1].To accomplish this task, they organize ideas utilizing mathematical logic. Using sensory data, the programs prove simple theorems by plugging the data into the algorithms, which results in a solution and consequent action. An alternative U.S. Defense Department use for AI involves virtual personal assistants that respond to voice commands and complete complex tasks on the user’s behalf. These AI programs analyze enormous amounts of data and make decisions. They interact and learn but don’t necessarily need to perceive the environment. “You communicate what you would like to have done, and they have a dialogue with you to get the job done” [1]. AI is also being promoted in robotics. For instance, in recent years, there has been significant progress in robotics – both in terms of technological development, and the number of these machines appearing in homes and workplaces. Just some examples include OSHbot (an automated retail assistant), RP-VITA (a telemedicine robot for hospitals), A.L.O. (a robotic butler, or “Botlr”) and the latest model of ASIMO (arguably the most famous robot in the world). As they become cheaper, more versatile and ever more widespread, robots can fulfill an increasingly diverse range of activities. Within the next few decades, it is likely that they will become an everyday common sight in countries around the world. In our time, military robots are also being developed with AI. For example, in a mock city used by Army Rangers for urban combat training, a 15-inch robot with a video camera scuttles around a bomb factory on a spying mission. Overhead an almost silent drone aircraft with a four-foot wingspan transmits images of the buildings below. Onto the scene rolls a sinister-looking vehicle on tank treads, about the size of a riding lawn mower, equipped with a machine gun and a grenade launcher. Three backpack-clad technicians, standing out of the line of fire, operate the three robots with wireless video-game-style controllers. One swivels the video camera on the armed robot until it spots a sniper on a rooftop. The machine gun pirouettes, points and fires in two rapid bursts. Had the bullets been real, the target would have been destroyed. Although the application of AI in the military can obviously have its benefits, many people and researchers believe that artificial intelligence may bring threat to all humanity. For example, the Microsoft founder Bill Gates believes that the development of artificial intelligence must necessarily be under human control. “First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent. That should be positive if we manage it well. A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern. I agree with Elon Musk and some others on this and don't understand why some people are not concerned,” said Gates [4]. Stephen Hawking, a world-leading scientist, warned on the BBC that “the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race” in part because it involves “developing weapons we cannot even understand”. Google Chairman Eric Schmidt dismissed such fears at a Financial Times event: “These concerns are normal; they’re also to some degree misguided.” He explained something bad could happen only “while we’re not watching.” He reassured that “we had the power cord in our hands” [5]. Since early days humans have strived to create intelligent machines. AI methodologies are commonly being applied to support decision making processes at different levels of military operations. Today AI can do many activities in too many fields. But as any other human creation it should be closely controlled to avoid any unwanted consequences.
В статье рассматривается проблема искусственного интеллекта, в частности его применение в военной сфере. Автор приводит примеры использования разумных машин, показывает их преимущества, размышляет о вероятном будущем искусственного интеллекта, а также анализирует возможные опасности, связанные с ним. Yüklə 1,51 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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