5.6.7Quality of life
Health outcomes were estimated in terms of QALYs. The age-dependent baseline utility was estimated using the utility function developed based on the data used in the NICE statin appraisal[330]:
Baseline utility by age = 1.060-0.004*Age , where Age>15 Equation 5.10.
Hypertension is asymptomatic for many years: thus, hypertension in itself has a negligible impact on the QoL. Even considering the possible side effects, financial costs of long-term treatment and any inconvenience of regular check-ups, the negative impact on QoL from hypertension or taking an antihypertensive drug was negligible[247, 331, 332]. As such, existing CEAs in primary hypertension often excluded the disutility due to hypertension or taking an antihypertensive drug[63, 246, 333, 334]. This hypertension SDDP model also assumed that there is no disutility associated with hypertension and antihypertensive treatment.
Multiplicative utility weights for various types of CVDs and DM came from the NICE hypertension model, which conducted an extensive literature review to identify the best available utility estimates by health state[63] (see Table 5.). All utility weights for health states were adjusted for different age groups by the age-dependent baseline utility. Discount rate, 3.5%, was applied to QALYs.
Table 5.. Annual costs and utility weights by CVD and DM
Health states
|
Utility weights
|
Annual costs (£)
|
No event
|
1
|
59.57
|
UA
|
0.77
|
579.61
|
Post-UA
|
0.8
|
225.26
|
MI
|
0.76
|
5,859.36
|
Post-MI
|
0.88
|
225.26
|
Stroke
|
0.63
|
10,599.02
|
Post-stroke
|
0.88
|
2,849.33
|
HF
|
0.71
|
3,564.58
|
Post-HF
|
0.88
|
225.26
|
DM
|
0.9
|
1,190.03
|
Dostları ilə paylaş: |
