Men mate, within and outside marriage, more than women do
Men mate, within and outside marriage, more than women do
Double standards that restrict women more than men illustrate gender stratification
Gender stratification lower when domestic and public spheres not clearly distinguished
Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world is called the domestic-public dichotomy, or the private-public contrast
Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world is called the domestic-public dichotomy, or the private-public contrast
The activities of the domestic sphere tend to be performed by women
The activities of the public sphere tend to be restricted to men
Public activities tend to have greater prestige than domestic ones, which promotes gender stratification
Public activities tend to have greater prestige than domestic ones, which promotes gender stratification
Lactation and pregnancy also tend to preclude the possibility of women being the primary hunters in foraging societies
Lactation and pregnancy also tend to preclude the possibility of women being the primary hunters in foraging societies
!Kung San
Survey of matrifocal (mother-centered, often with no resident husband-father) societies indicates male travel combined with a prominent female economic role reduced gender stratification
Survey of matrifocal (mother-centered, often with no resident husband-father) societies indicates male travel combined with a prominent female economic role reduced gender stratification
Igbo (Nigeria) demonstrated that gender roles might be filled by members of either sex
Spread of patrilineal-patrilocal societies has been associated with pressure on resources and increased local warfare
Spread of patrilineal-patrilocal societies has been associated with pressure on resources and increased local warfare
Patrilineal-patrilocal complex concentrates related males in villages, which solidifies their alliances for warfare
Results in relatively high gender stratification (e.g., highland Papua-New Guinea)
Results in relatively high gender stratification (e.g., highland Papua-New Guinea)
Women do most of the cultivation, cooking, and raising children, but are isolated from the public domain
Males dominate the public domain (politics, feasts, warfare)
Women were main workers in 50% of horticultural societies but only 15% in agricultural societies
Women were main workers in 50% of horticultural societies but only 15% in agricultural societies
Gender stratification associated with plow agriculture rather than with intensive cultivation
Patriarchy – political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status
Patriarchy – political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status
With spread of women’s rights movement and human rights movement, attention to domestic violence and abuse of women increased
With spread of women’s rights movement and human rights movement, attention to domestic violence and abuse of women increased
Patriarchal institutions persist in what should be a more enlightened world
“Traditional” idea that “a woman’s place is in the home” developed among middle- and upper-class Americans as industrialism spread after 1900
“Traditional” idea that “a woman’s place is in the home” developed among middle- and upper-class Americans as industrialism spread after 1900
Attitudes about gendered work varied with class and region
Woman’s role in the home stressed during periods of high unemployment
