Sifatdosh (The participle) Umumiy ma 'lumotlar

beyond belief aqlga to'gri kelmay- beyond one's strength (power) kuchi digan yetmaydigan darajada
beyond doubt shubhasiz beyond one's understanding aqlga
beyond hope umid qilib bo'lmay- sig'maydigan digan beyond one's expectations kutgan dan
ham ziyoda
it is beyond me bunga aqlim yetmaydi
BY
1. tomonidan, bilan (ish-harakatni bajaruvchi shaxsni yoki kuchni ifo-dalash uchun ishlatiladi):
"Navoi" was written by Oybek. "Navoiy" Oybek tomonidan yozilgan.
This machine is driven by electri- Bu mashina elektr bilan yuradi city-
(ishlaydi).
2. bilan, yordamida (odatda gerund bilan kelib ish-harakatni bajarish usuli yoki vositasini ifodalaydi):
He improved his pronunciation by U ovoz chiqarib o'qish bilan talaf- reading aloud. fuzini yaxshiladi.
You will help me by telling me all Buni hammasini aytib berishin- you know about it. giz bilan siz menga yordam berasiz.
The firm violated the contract by Firma past sifatli tovarlar yetka-delivering goods of low quality. zib berish bilan shartnomam buzdi.
3. -gacha (ish-harakat tamom bo'ladigan vaqtni ko'rsatadi)
They had discharged the steamer Ular soat uchgacha kemaning yu-
bу three o"ciock. kini tushirib bo'lishdi.
Hе will have finished his work by Monday. U ishini dushanbagacha tugatadi
4. yonida, oldida:
Hе was sitting by the window. U deraza yonida o'tirgan edi.
The house stood by the river. Uy daryo bo'yida edi.
5yonidan (= past):
He walked by me without saying la word. U mening yonimdan bir so'z de-
masdan o'tib ketdi.
6. yonidan (past bilan birga ravish bo'lib keladi):
He walked (drove, ran) by without U menga qaramasdan o'tib ketdi looking at me. (mashinasini haydab, yugurib
o'tib ketdi.)
7. By ishlatilgan fe'l birikmalari:

to devide (multiply) by -ga bo'lmoq (ko'- paytirmoq) to increase (decrease, rise, exceed by -ga ko'tarmoq (kamay- tirmoq, oshirmoq) to judge by -ga qarab hukm qilmoq, xulosa chiqarmoq to mean by bilan ... demoqchi bo'lmoq to take (seize, hold, pull) by -dan ush- lamoq,tutmoq (chan- gallamoq, tortmoq) to get by qilishga bo'lmoq, kazmoq tirikchilik muvaffaq kun o'tkazmoq

Devide (multiply) this number by six. In September the output of our plant increased by 15 per cent, as compared with the preceding month. Never judge by ap- ­pearances. What do you mean by that? He took her by the arm. Despite the high cost of living, we will get by on my salary.

Bu sonni oltiga bo'ling (ko'paytiring). Sentabrda zavodimiz- da mahsulot ishlab chiqarish oldingi oydagiga qaraganda 15 foizga oshdi. Hech qachon odamning tashqi ko'rinishiga qarab hukm qilmang. Bu bilan nima demoqchisiz? U uning qo'lidan ushladi (tutdi). Narxlar qimmat bo'lishiga qaramasdan biz mening maoshim bilan tirikchilikni o'tkazishga muvaffaq bo'lamiz.

8. by bilan kelgan iboralar:

by accident to'satdan, tasodifan by chance tasodifan by day (night) kunduzi (tunda) by the day (the week) kunlik (haftalik) by heart yoddan by land (sea, air) quruqlikdan (dengizdan, havodan) by (electric) light (elektr) yorug'ida by all means nima qilib bo'lsa ham by cheque chek bilan by credit cards kredit kartochkasi bilan by rail temir yo'l orqali by road yo'l orqali	by underground metro orqali by no means aslo, hech, zinhor 6 metres by 8 metres oltiga sakkiz metr by mistake bilmasdan, yanglishib by retail (wholesale) chakana (ko'tara) step by step qadam ba qadam by train (tram, bus, ship) poyezd
	(tramvay, avtobus, kema) bilan by the way (by the by) darvoqe, aytmoqchi, aytganday by means of vositasida, yordamida by the weight (the litre, the kilo­ gram) taroziga tortib (litrlab, kilolab),
by then o'shanda o'shangacha; By way of (via) orqali;	I'll graduate from the university in 2003. By then I hope to have found a job. We are driving to At lanta by way of Baton Rouge.	Men universitetni 2003-yilda tugata-man. O'shangacha ish topaman deb umid qilaman. Biz Atlantaga Baton Ruj orqali borayapmiz.

DOWN
1. pastga (harakat fe'llari bilan pastga yo'nalishni bildiradi). He went down the stairs. U zinadan pastga tushdi.
The steamer sailed down the river. Paroxod daryodan pastga ketdi.
He ran down the hill. U qirdan chopib tushdi suzib
qaradi va uni daqiqadan keyin