PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE 1. Perfect Participle Active hoi bo'lib keladi va gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo'lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
2. Perfect Participle Active sifatdoshli iboralarda kelib sabab holi bo'lib keladi. Bunday iboralarni kesimi Perfect zamonda kelgan sabab ergash gaplari bilan almashtirish mumkin:
Having lived in London for many Londonda ko'p yillar yashagan-years (=As he had lived in London ligi sababli (Londonda ko'p yillar for many years) he knew that city yashagani sababli), u bu shaharni very well. juda yaxshi bilardi.
Having fulfilled the terms of the Shartnoma shartlarini bajarib contract (= As we had fulfilled the (Shartnoma shartlarini bajargan-terms of the contract) wc refused ligimiz sababli), biz firmaning to admit the claim of the firm. da'vosini rad etdik.
3. Perfect Participle Active payt holi bo'lib keladi va sifatdoshdagi ish-harakat gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo'lganini bildiradi va bunday iboralarni kesimi Perfect zamonda bo'lgan payt ergash gaplar bilan almashtirish mumkin:
Having collected all the material Barcha materiallarni to'plagach (= After he had collected all the (= U barcha materiallarni to'pla-rnaterial), he was able to write gandan keyin), komissiya ishi ha-a full report on th work of the qida to'liq hisobot yoza oldi. comission.
huh: Ushbu hoi uchun Perfect Participle bilan bir qatorda after predlogi bilan kelgan Simple Gerund ham ishlatilishi mumkin: Having collected all the material...= After collecting all the material... Ikkita bevosita oldinma-ketin sodir bo'lgan ish-harakat bo'lsa va bir ish-harakatni ikkinchisidan oldin sodir bo'lganini ta'kidlash zarurati bo'lmasa Perfect Participle emas Present Participle ishlatiladi va b iboralarga to'g'ri keladigan ergash gaplarda fe'l Simple zamonlarda ishlatiladi:
Arriving at the station (=When Stansiyaga yetib kelib (= Biz stansiyaga
we arrived at the station) wc went yetib kelganimizda), to'g'ri
straight to the booking office. kassaga bordik.
(Taqqoslang: We arrived at the
station and went straight to the booking office).
Receiving the telegram (When he Telegrammani olib(Telegram-
received the telegram), mani olganida) u direktorga
he rang up the director. qo'ng'iroq qildi.
(Taqqoslang: He received the tele
gram and rang up the director.)
