Sifatdosh (The participle) Umumiy ma 'lumotlar

TO VA INTO PREDLOGLARINI TAQQOSLASH
To ham, into ham -ga ma'nosida harakatning yo'nalishini bildira-di. To predlogi harakatning biror shaxsga yoki narsaga yo'nalganini bildirsa, into harakatning biror narsaning ichki qismiga yo'nalganini bildiradi:
He went to the shop. U do'konga ketdi.
He went into the shop. U do'konning ichiga kirdi.
TOWARDS PREDLOGI
1. -ga tomon, -ga qarab ma'nosida:
The ship sailed towards the south. Kema janub tomonga suzib ketdi.
This was the first step towards reconciliation. Bu yarashishga tomon birinchi qadam edi.
2. -ga, -ga nisbatan ma'nosida:
His attitude towards this matter is favourable. Uning bu masalaga munosabati yaxshi.
He is friendly towards me. U menga nisbatan do'stona munosabatda.
3. -ga yaqin, -gacha ma'nolarida vaqtni ifodalaydi va biror vaqtdan oldin, biror vaqtga yaqinni bildiradi:
I The rain stopped towards morning. Yomg'ir ertalabga yaqin to'xtadi.
I We expect to receive the goods Biz may oyining oxirigacha mol I towards the end of May. (tovar) larni olishga umid qilamiz.
UNDERPREDLOGI
1. tagida, ostida ma'nosida joyni bildiradi (overmng antonimi):
He was lying under a tree. U daraxt tagida yotar edi. He put the basket under the table. U savatni stol ostiga qo'ydi.
2. ostida (ko'chma ma'noda) quyidagi birikmalarda ishlatiladi:
Under the guidance (control, ma- rahbarligi (nazorati,boshqaruvi,
nagement, command) qo'mondonligi) ostida
under the title (heading) sarlavha ostida
under the name nomi ostida, omi bilan
under fire o't (olov) ostida, ichida, o'q ostida
under the influence ta'siri ostida.
3. -dan kamroq, -ga yaqin ma'nosida kamaytirilgan miqdorni bildira­di (above ga teskari ma'noda):
There were under fifty people there. U yerda ellikka yaqin odam bor edi. He is under fourty. U qirq yoshlarga borgan edi. U qirqdan past.
4. under bilan iboralar:
to be under consideration ko'rib chiqilmoq under the contract (agreement)
shartnomaga ko'ra, binoan
under the circumstances ushbu vaziyatda to be under repair ta'mirlanmoq
to be under construction qurilmoq to be under discussion muhokarna
qilinmoq


UPPREDLOGI
1. yuqoriga, -dan, bo'ylab yuqoriga (antonimi down, harakat fe'llari bilan pastdan yuqoriga harakatni bildiradi):
He walked up the stairs. U zinadan ko'tarildi.
The steamer sailed up the river. Paroxod daryo bo'ylab yuqoriga
(oqimga qarshi) suzib ketdi.
2. yuqorida, yuqoriga ma'nosida ravish bo'lib keladi:
He looked up and saw them. U yuqoriga qaradi va ularni ko'rdi.
The barometr is going up. Barometr ko'tarilayapti.
3. oldiga (harakat fe'llari bilan biror shaxs yoki buyumning oldiga yaqinlashishni bildiradi):
He came up and asked me the time. U mening oldimga keldi va vaqtni so'radi.
He went straight up to the mana­ger. U to'ppa-to'g'ri menejerning ol­diga bordi.
The motor car drove up to the gate. Avtomobil darvoza oldiga keldi.
4. to eat, to drink, to fill, to use, to sell, to buy, to grow va boshqa
fe'llar bilan birikib kelib, shu ish-harakatni oxirigacha amalga oshirilganligini bildiradi:
He drank up all the milk. U sutning hammasini ichib qo'ydi.
All our ink is used up. Hamma siyoh ishlatilib bo'lindi.,
5. up bilan keladigan fe'lli birikmalar:

to fill up to'lg'azmoq to get up uyqudan tur-moq to give up tashlamoq, to'xtatmoq (odatni) to look up (lug'atdan) qidirmoq to ring (call) up telefon qilmoq to stand up turmoq to wake up uyg'onmoq, uyg'otmoq

He was asked to fill up At what time do you get up? He has given up smo­king. I must look up this word in the dictionary. Ring me up at eight o'clock. I usually wake up early. Stand up, please. six o'clock

Undan blank to'lg'azishni so'rashdi. Siz ertalab nechada uyqudan turasiz? U chekishni tashladi. Men bu so'zni lug'atdan qidirishim kerak. Menga sakkizda qo'n g'iroq qiling. Iltimos, o'rningizdan turing. Men odatda vaqtli uyg'oting.