Sifatdosh (The participle) Umumiy ma 'lumotlar

EGA BILAN KESUVINING MOSLASHUVI

1. 
   Kesim ega bilan shaxs va sonda moslashadi:
   

The book is on the table. Kitob stolda.
I The books are on the table. Kitoblar stolda.
f I am invited to the party. Meni kechaga taklif qilishdi.
I They are invited to the party. Ularni kechaga taklif qilishdi.
(He goes to the Institute every U har kun ertalab institutga bo-morning, radi. They go to the Institute every Ular har kun ertalab institutga morning. boradilar.
2. Agar gapda and bilan bog'langan ikkita ega bo'lsa kesim ko'plikda ishlatiladi:
The telegram and the letter have Telegramma bilan xat jo'natildi. been sent off.
Peter and Mary were here. Petr va Meri shu yerda edi.
3. Agar there is/are iborasidan keyin bir nechta ega bo'lsa, kesim ular­ning birinchisi bilan moslashadi:
There is a lamp, an inkpot and Stolda chiroq, siyohdon va bir some pencils on the table. nechta qalamlar bor.
There were two girls and a boy in Xonada ikkita qiz va bitta o'g'il the room. bola bor edi.
4. Agar ko'plikdagi otning oldida a lot of bo'lsa, fe'l ko'plikda ish­latiladi:
There are a lot of books on the Stolda ko'p kitoblar bor. table.
5. Ikkita ega with bilan, as well as shuningdek bog'lovchilari bilan boglangan bo'lsa, kesim ularning birinchisi bilan moslashadi:
A woman with a baby in her arms Darvoza oldida qo'lida bola bilan was standing at the gate. bir ayol turgan edi.
The girl as well as the boys has Qiz bola shuningdek, o'g'il bolalar learned to drive a car. mashina haydshni o'rgandilar.
6. Agar ikkita ega either... or yoki.. .yoki, neither ... nor na ...na bog'­lovchilari bilan bog'langan bo'lsa, kesim ularning keyingisi bilan mos lashadi:
Either you or he has done it. Buni yoki siz qilgansiz, yoki u.
Neither he nor you have translated Gapni na u, na siz to'g'ri tarjima the sentence correctly. qilgansiz.
7. Agar ega jamlama otdan yasalgan bo'lsa (crew, family, committee, government, board va boshqalar), va u yaxlit bir butun narsani ifodalasa, fe'l birlikda keladi. Agar jamlama ot alohida a'zolarni bildirsa fe'l ko'p­likda ishlatiladi:
The crew consists of twenty men. Komanda yigirma kishidan iborat.
The crew were standing on the deck. Komanda palubada turar edi. My brother's family is large. Akamning oilasi katta.
The family were sitting round the Oila stol atrofida o'tirgan edi.
table.
A committee was formed to work Yangi reja ishlab chiqish uchun
out a new plan. qo'mita tuzildi.
The committee are of the opinion Qo'mita rejani ikki oy ichida ba- that the plan can be carried out in two months. jarsa bo'ladi degan fikrda.
8. Agar each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, somebody, someone, either, neither kabi olmoshlar ega bo'lib kelgan bo'l­sa, undan keyin keladigan kesim bilrlikda bo'ladi:
Each of us has his duties. Har birimizning vazifalarimiz bor.
Everybody was at the meeting. Hamma yig'ilishda edi.
Everything is ready. Hamma narsa tayyor.
No one was here. Bu yerda hech kim yo'q edi.
Nobody knows about it. Bu haqda hech kim bilmaydi.
Somebody (someone) is knocking at the door. Allakim eshikni taqillatyapti.
Either of the examples is correct. U misol ham, bu misol ham to'g'ri.
Neither of the answers is correct. Na u javob, na bu javob to'g'ri
(emas).
9. Agar all hamma narsa ma'nosida ega bo'lib kelgan bo'lsa, kesim birlikda bo'ladi:
All is clear. Hamma narsa ravshan.
Agar all hamma (kishilar) ma'nosida ega bo'lib kelsa, kesim ko'plik­da bo'ladi:
All were of the same opinion. Hamma bir xil fikrda edi.
10. Agar ega both har ikkalasi olmoshidan yasalgan bo'lsa, kesim ko'plikda bo'ladi:
"Which of these examples is correct?" — Bu misollarning qaysinisi to'g'ri?
"Both are correct." — Har ikkalasi to'g'ri.
11. Agar ega who?, what? kabi so'roq olmoshlardan yasalgan bo'lsa, kesim birlikda keladi:
Who has done it? Buni kirn qildi?
What is standing there? U yerda nima turibdi?
12. Agar ega who, which, that kabi nisbiy olmoslardan yasalgan bo'l­sa, kesim o'sha olmosh tegishli bo'lgan ot bilan moslashadi:
The boy who is sitting at the win- Deraza yonida turgan bola me
Idow is my brother. ning akam.
The boys who are sitting at the window are my brothers. Deraza yonida turgan bolalar
The book which (that) is lying on the table is mine. Stolda yotgan kitob meniki.
The books which (that) are lying on the table are mine. Stolda yotgan kitoblar meniki.
Anybody who says that is mis­taken. Buni aytgan istagan kishi adashadi.
(bunday degan kishi adashadi.)
13. Agar gapning egasi news yangiliklar, physics fizika, statistics sta-tistika, hair soch, money pul kabi faqat birlikda ishlatiladigan otlardan yasalgan bo'lsa, kesim birlikda bo'ladi:
What is the news? Qanday yangilik bor?
Phonetics is a branch of linuistics. Fonetika tilshunoslikning bir
qismidir.
Her hair is dark. Uning sochi qora.
This money belongs to him. Bu pul unga qarashli.
14. Agar ega faqat ko'plikda ishlatiladigan goods mollar(tovarlar), riches boylik, contents mazmun, mundarija, proceeds tushum, clothes km yim-kechak kabi otlardan yasalgan bo'lsa kesim ko'plikda bo'ladi:
The goods have arrived. Mollar yetib keldi.
The contents of the letter have not Xatning mazmuni o'zgartirilmadi.
been changed.
The proceeds of the sale of the Mollarni sotishdan tu
goods have been transferred to shgan tu­shum kompaniyga o'tkazildi.
company.
My clothes are wet. Mening kiyimlarim ho'l.