Significant individuals and groups significant developments and events impacts on society and identity as australians

Yr 6: c 1900 CE –Present Year Level focus: The Catholic Church in a developing Australian nation
1900-1920 Federation and an Australian Church	1905: James Duhig Bishop of Rockhampton 1906: De La Salle brothers arrive in Australia 1907: Archbishop Daniel Murphy dies. Youngest bishop in world when ordained a bishop in 1846; oldest bishop in world when died. 1908: Newman Society for tertiary Students begins in Melbourne. 1909 Mother Mary of the Cross dies in Sydney. 1909: Sacred Heart Teachers College, Ballarat. 1911: Death of Cardinal Moran. Dedicated more than 500 churches and 7 cathedrals. 200,000 walk in funeral procession. 1912 James Duhig appointed coadjutor bishop of Brisbane 1912: Dr Daniel Mannix consecrated coadjutor bishop of Melbourne 1913 Fr Edward McGrath founds Our Lady’s Nurses for the Poor to care for the sick in their own homes. 1914: Manly Union is founded at silver anniversary of St Patrick’s College manly to promote the growth of an Australian Priesthood and episcopate. 1914: Catholic Women’s League starts in Adelaide. Led by Lady Galway, wife of governor and Betty Leaworthy, a notable convert to Catholicism. 1914: First Apostolic Delegate appointed to Australia 1916 Catholic Women’s Guild established in Melbourne. For professional women calling for change. 4,500 members by 1920. 1917: Archbishop Dunne of Brisbane dies. 1917 Anglican archbishop takes part in funeral procession of Archbishop Carr of Melbourne. 1917 Robert Menzies describes Dr Mannix as a “great national menace”. 1918 Jesuits open Newman College, Melbourne as a focus for intellectual and social apostolate for catholic graduates. 1918 Theresian club, made up of working girls, formed to strengthen the faith of children of lapsed Catholic families. 1919 Knights of the Southern Cross founded by Patrick Minahan, member of Parliament, to counter Masonic influence and anti- catholic bias in the workplace.	1901: Pallotine Fathers establish a mission to Australian aborigines in Kimberly region of WA 1902: First Corpus Christi procession, Manly College 1904: Catholic Truth Society founded to inform people about Catholicism. 1906: Fr Francis Xavier Gsell MSC begins work in Darwin, especially among Aboriginal communities. Becomes famous as the Bishop with “150 wives” where he rescues hundreds of little girls from forced marriages to old men. 1906 MSC’s establish an Aboriginal Mission in Darwin 1907: Benedictines establish Aboriginal Mission in Kimberleys, WA. 1908 Christian Brothers open a novitiate in Strathfield, NSW 1909: Sisters of mercy Novitiate, Bathurst NSW. 1914: first of nearly 50 St Patrick’s day processions in Melbourne patronised by Dr Mannix. 1917 Mannix advocates the cause of an independent, free Ireland to a crowd of 100,000 1918 Mannix censured by Rome for the dangerous friction cause by his speeches.	1911: Catholic Federation begins in Melbourne to help the cause for justice for catholic parents with children in Catholic schools. Much political involvement by priests and laity. 1914 Archbishop Mannix preaches on Christian unity as a return of all Christians to Rome. 1916: First major press attack on Archbishop Mannix for his anti-conscription stance. 1917 Angry crowd at St Patrick’s day function in Sydney shouts down Archbishop Kelly’s pro-war views. 1917 Mannix draws accusations of disloyalty to Australia when Sinn Fein banners are used in St Patrick’s day procession.
1920’s	1920 Catholic women in the National Guild of Women pressured by Church authorities to resign from it. 1921 Holy Name Society founded by Dominicans in Adelaide. Encouraged men to publicly witness to the faith and receive communion monthly. 1928 Dr Leslie rumble, MSC begins radio talks about the Eucharist on commercial radio. 1929: James Scullin becomes first Catholic Prime Minister of Australia. Many Catholics in the ALP.	1924 Catholic Library established in Melbourne. Becomes centre of intellectual life for Catholics in Victoria. Catholic Evidence Guild founded by Frank Sheed in Sydney for lay speakers to speak on street corners, the Domain and Newtown Bridge. 1926 Sancta Sophia college for women opened at University of Sydney. 1928 Eucharistic Congress, Randwick Racecourse, Sydney, attended by 150,000. Half a million line streets for Blessed Sacrament from Manly.	1920 14 VC winners lead St Patrick’s day procession in Melbourne to disprove charges of disloyalty. 1920 PM Hughes describes Mannix as an “enemy alien”. Mannix “arrested” at sea and refused entry to Ireland by British. 1923: Mannix salutes Australian flag in a park in Launceston. Described by Hobart press as “beyond redemption”. 1927 Apostolic delegate represent church at Opening of Canberra by the Duke of York
1930’s	1930 Grey Sisters begin work in Melbourne. New initiatives in apostolate and lifestyle of Religious Sisters. 1931 Campion Society founded in Melbourne as basis for Catholic Action. Appealed to the zeal of young professional men, including Bob Santamaria. 1931: Archbishop Kelly founds Sydney congregation of Sisters of the Blessed virgin Mary for domestic care of seminaries and work among Australian Aborigines. 1931: Fr Ernest Worms begins work among aborigines in Broome, WA. 1931: Amy Richardson, Catholic nurse, recruits other nurses to start a medical mission in the Solomon Islands. Fr Leslie rumble, MSC starts “radio replies” on 2SM and syndicated to Catholic newspapers. 1936: Apostolate for lay women “The Grail” established in Australia 1937: First Australian-born Archbishop of Sydney: Norman Gilroy. 1938 Holy Name society reports it has 52,000 members in 400 parishes. 1939 Death of Joseph Lyons, Catholic Prime Minister.	1931: Fr J Meany establishes first Catholic radio station, 2SM in Sydney. SM was named after his church, St Mark’s. 1931: Catholic Missions begins publication in Australia. 1933: Handbook of Catholic Action published by MSC’s. 1936: First issue of Catholic Worker in Melbourne to promote Catholic Social Teaching. 1939: The Grail movement of catholic women begins six month residential courses for women. 1939 Catholic Rural Movement begins “Rural Life” to bring Catholic Social Principles to bear on decentralisation and the move back to the land. 1939 Anti-war Peace meeting in Adelaide.	1937: Anglican Bishops of Australia claim the Catholic school system is “ a grievous offence against the unity of the state”.
1940’s	1942: “The Movement” established by 20 unionists in Melbourne as a secret society to oppose Communism in Unions. 1943: Catholic Bushwalking club founded in Sydney. 1945: Aquinas Academy established in Sydney for Adult catholic education. 1945/6: Archbishop Gilroy named a cardinal.	1940: Australian Catholic bishops split over their social justice statement prepared by BA Santamaria. 1940: German Pallotine priests in Kimberleys jailed as “enemy aliens”. Released after personal intervention of PM Menzies. 1941: Diocese of Cairns established. 1944 Australian Catholic bishops appeal to all belligerents in WWII to avoid damage to Rome. 1945: Bishops give 10,000 pounds a year to BA Santamaria’s “Movement”.
1950’s	1954 Only Australian order of Priests formed: Confraternity of Christ the Priest in Ayr, Qld. 1957:A model Christian rural community begins to operate at San Isidore near Wagga NSW. 1958 Pauline Association of Lay Missionaries (PALMS) formed by Cardinal Gilroy to promote lay apostolate through courses. 1958 First Byzantine Rite Ukrainian Exarch appointed. 1959 Catholic Enquiry Centre set up in Sydney. Leads to many conversions.	1951 Pius XII relaxes the fast for Eucharist from midnight. Evening Masses allowed. 1952 Catholic Migration Commission established to attract catholic migrants and help them settle in. 45,000 assisted. 1953 One Melbourne parish had 16 different national groups. 1954 Moves in Melbourne to establish a Week of Prayer for Christian Unity. 1954 Mission to Aborigines set up by Daughters of Charity in Moree NSW. 1956: Mass celebrated for first time for Catholic athletes at Melbourne Olympics. 1958: Australian Columban fathers set up a mission in slums of Peru.	1952 Attempt by Tasmanian Labour Govt to give state aid to non-state schools thwarted by Upper House. 1953 Concern by some chaplains of Catholic Action that it should be seen to be separate from “the Movement” and its political action. 1954 Leader of ALP Dr Evatt attacks Catholic Social Studies Movement and BA Santamaria. Leads to a split in the ALP and division within Catholic hierarchy. 1955 Sale of The Catholic Worker forbidden at Melbourne’s Cathedral. 1955 Catholic Bishops’ Pastoral Letter on The Menace of Communism supports Industrial groups fighting Communism. Catholics free to vote according to conscience but could to support parties which supported Communism. 1955 Dr Mannix states that the division in the Episcopacy over Catholic Social Studies Movement cannot be bridged. 1955 Opinion polls show 51% of population in favour of state aid to non-government schools. 1956: Catholic bishops divided over reformation of “The Movement”. 1957 Tasmanian grants to non- state schools over-ridden by the Upper House. 1957 Rome decrees the political decisions of the Movement must be brought under the control of the hierarchy. Claims this is infringement of legitimate right of laity to form political groups. The Movement replaced by the National Civic Council. 1958 Mannix intervenes in Federal election saying a vote for Labour is a vote for Communists. 1959 Archbishop Duhig becomes first Australian Catholic prelate to be knighted by British monarch.
1960’s	1961 Catholic theologians publish world renowned books on theology and philosophy 1963: Death of Archbishop Mannix aged 100. 1963 Robert Menzies promises Federal Govt aid for non-state schools. 1965 Archbishop Duhig dies after 60 years a bishop. Known as James the Builder. 1966: An Australian, Rosemary Goldie, appointed by Paul VI to Roman Curia. 1967 Fr Brosnan celebrates mass for Ronald Ryan, last man hanged in Australia. 1969: First Australian married priest of the Latin Rite ordained in Hobart. Fr Peter Rushton, former Anglican priest.	1960 Living Parish Hymnbook first published. 1 million copies sold in ten years. Dialogue Masses( in Latin) instituted in Tasmania. 1962 Most of Australia’s bishops attend the opening of Vatican II in Rome. 1964 Australian Catholic Relief begins as a lay led movement for aid to third world. 1964 Evening Masses permitted and fasting reduced from three hours to one for reception of Holy Communion. 1966: St Paul’s seminary for late vocations opens in Sydney 1966: Project Compassion launched as the Lenten Appeal. 1967 Pastoral Councils set up in Sydney and Hobart to advise Archbishops of pastoral matters. Laity involved. 1967: First Tasmanian Liturgy Conference draws cream of Australia’s scripture and theology experts. 1967: Australian Council of Churches sets up a joint working group to explore theological ways to overcome disunity. 1967: 34 Australians attend the third World Congress of the Lay Apostolate in Rome. 1967 Survey finds 66% of Catholics in NSW, Vic and Tas attend Mass every week. 1967: First “Ecumenical” church in Australia at Snug, Tasmania. Owned by Archdiocese of Hobart, but any denomination allowed to use it. 1968 Permission for mass in the vernacular. 1968 Dec issue of the Annals has a special issue on the changing church which stirs controversy. 1969: 43,000 catholic migrants come to Australia in 1969 from Britain, Italy, Malta, Spain and Slavic countries.	1960 Dr Rumble reaffirms the right of Catholics to vote for labour Party with a clear conscience. 1961 Archbishop Simmonds claims Australian Catholics are bitterly divided and the Church split from top to bottom over politics rather than doctrine. 1962: Goulbourn school “strike” begins. Turning point for State Aid in Australia. 1963 National press pays tributes to Dr Mannix as a powerful and patriarchal figure in Australian Church and nation. 1966 Gough Whitlam criticises his party’s opposition to state aid for non-government schools. 1966 Cardinal Gilroy attends enthronement of Anglican Archbishop of Sydney. 1967: State Aid Bill passes both houses of Tasmanian Parliament. 1967: ABC Four Corners program on “the challenge to authority in the Catholic Church in Australia”. 1969: Australian bishops call on Govt to allow civilian service as an alternative to compulsory military service
1970’s	1970 Pope Paul Vi first papal visit to Australia 1971 Archbishop Young preaches at St David’s Anglican Cathedral (Hobart): an Australian first 1971: Fr Hans Kung invited to Australia by Australian Council of Churches. 1975 Fr Patrick Dodson first Aboriginal priest. 1978 Solo Parents Support group established Disciples of Jesus Covenant Community founded in Sydney to evangelise Youth	1970: Bishops call on Catholics to give 1% of weekly income to Project Compassion. 1970:University chaplains express concern at erosion of faith of Catholics at University 1970 Loss of interest in Holy Name Society 1970 Catholic priests in some cities join Vietnam Moratorium and incur disapproval of hierarchy. 1970: Bishops devise new rules for mixed marriages. 1971: New “Come Alive” catechetical aids published in Melbourne. 1971: seminary training reforms accepted by bishops 1973 International Eucharistic Congress. Ecumenical service attended by 100,000 people. 1973: 3 million Catholics in Australia; 3000 churches, 2000 clergy, 1400 religious priests, 2200 religious brothers and 13,000 religious sisters. 1973: Maronite Diocese created in Australia. 1974: Catholic Charismatic Renewal national conference in Melbourne. 2000 attend. 1977 Catholics and Lutherans respect each other’s baptisms. Ecumenical Action for World Development formed from 213 parishes of nine denominations in Brisbane. 1977 Bishops publicly support Aust Commission for Justice and Peace, under attack from conservative elements.	1971: crisis in government funding in Tasmania leads to confrontation between church and government. 1973: High Court writ issued challenging validity of state aid to schools
1980’s	1981: Presentations Sisters redefine their roles in Church. 1981: Shirley Smith: “MumShirl” publishes her autobiography on her life as an aboriginal Christian Antioch movement for formation of young people comes to Australia 1983: Fr Raymond Brown, noted international biblical scholar tours Australia. Some conservatives report him to Rome. 1983: Sr Veronica Brady a member of ABC Board. 1984 Jean Vanier, founder of L’Arche, visits Australia Sr Mary Doyle first religious Sister appointed full time pastoral care of a priest-less parish in Tasmania. 1984 Columban priest Fr Brian Gore charged with murder in Philippines. Aust Govt intervenes for his release. 1985 Dom Helda Camara visits Australia Sr Janet Mead of Adelaide gains worldwide attention for her sung version of the Lord’s Prayer 1986 Pope JPII arrives in Alice Springs to give a stirring address to Aborigines. 1987: Archbishop Tutu from South Africa visits Australia to condemn apartheid as blasphemous, totally unchristian, irreligious and a heresy. 1987 Shroud of Turin tours Australia 1988 Vatican allows Pieta to be displayed at World Expo 88 in Brisbane 1988 Death of Archbishop Sir Guilford Young of Hobart. Visionary for reform and justice in the church. Archbishop Clancy fourth Australian Cardinal	1980: Catholics participate fully in World Council of Churches International conference in Melbourne 1980 Bishops strongly condemn abortion. 1 in 6 pregnancies ended in abortion. 1980: Catholic Committee on Refugees supports arrival of South East Asian Refugees 1981: One World Week with focus on Development begins. 1981: Social Justice Sunday observed by Catholics, Anglicans and Uniting parishes 1981: 332 refugee families from SE Asia welcomed in Sydney. 1981: Catholic mass attendance fallen from 55% in 1966 to 37% 1983 Shortage of priests becomes an issue for the church. 1983: Catholic Schools in Australia number nearly 1800, education over 500,000 students. 1983: catholic seminaries in Sydney join other Christian churches to form Sydney College of Divinity. Similar College of Theology established in Brisbane. 1985 Restoration of the RCIA program at Easter sees 1500 become Catholics. 1985 CCJP again under fire from conservatives over its paper “Work for a Just Peace”. 1985 CCJP and ACC issue a paper on Peace for the International Year of Peace. ACTS announces its closure 1985 19% of Australian children in catholic schools. 1986: CCJP abolished by bishops, to be replaced by a new body 1987: Synod of Bishops to include laity for first time 1987 AIDS crisis a crisis for church also 1988 Leaders of Australian Churches issue a joint statement on Indigenous Reconciliation 1988: Bishops inquiry into distribution of wealth in Australia 1989 Catholic Coalition for Justice and Peace criticises NSW Govt decision to abolish Aboriginal Land Councils	1987 Church ethicists and bishops attack government legislation on prostitution, abortion, AIDS and IVF.
1990’s	1990: Brisbane Scripture Fr Bill O’Shea reported to Rome for some of his responses to questions by Catholics over contraception. 1991 Bishop Belo of Dili, East Timor visits Australia to call on Australian Government to assist East Timor rid itself of Indonesian occupation. 1991 Fr Chris Riley seeks volunteers to assist Sydney’s growing street kid problem 1991 Fr Bob Maguire of Melbourne does similar work for street kids and the homeless 1991 Sr Irene McCormack RSJ murdered in Peru by rebels. ABC broadcasts Brides of Christ purporting to be a portrayal of Australian Catholic life in the 70’s. Death of Francis Rush, Archbishop of Brisbane 1991; John Bathersby announced as Archbishop of Brisbane. 1992: Radio 2Sm is sold, ending the Church’s involvement for 60 years. 1992: Mother Mary MacKillop declared “Venerable”, a stage in the process of canonisation. 1991 Opus Dei members go to Rome to celebrate the beatification of their founder Josemaria Escriva. 1991: Jean Vanier (L’Arche) visits Australia again. 1991: James Foley becomes Bishop of Cairns 1991: Fr Laurence Freeman, Director of the Worldwide Community for Christian Meditation, visits Australia to lead sessions on Christian meditation. 1992: The Leaving of Liverpool TV drama series calls attention to the abuse of child migrants 1992: High Court's Mabo decision on native title influenced by Catholic natural law theory 1995: Mary McKillop declared Blessed 1995: Closure of St Patrick's Seminary, Manly. 1996: Bishops establish "Towards Healing" process to deal with complaints of abuse of minors by clergy 1996: William Deane appointed Governor-General; 1996: George Pell succeeds Frank Little as Archbishop of Melbourne. 1998: Catholic spokesmen agree to thawing and destruction of thousands of frozen embryos left over from IVF. 1999: Threat of Australian military action significant in the formation of Asia's second Christian nation, East Timor. 2000: Spires of St Mary's Cathedral completed, with generous State government assistance. 2001: George Pell appointed Archbishop of Sydney. 2004: Mel Gibson's movie The Passion of the Christ released. 2006: University of Notre Dame Sydney campus established; 2006: Campion College liberal arts college in Western Sydney takes in first students; 2007: Bishop Geoffrey Robinson's Confronting Power and Sex in the Catholic Church published. 2008: World Youth Day held in Sydney, with visit of Pope Benedict XVI. 2010: Mary Mackillop canonised, the first Australian to be canonised.	1990: Vatican to send 20 observers to WCC Assembly in Canberra 1990 Priests assembly urges Vatican to change rules on celibacy of priests and priests who have married. 1990 Melbourne catholic newspaper, The Advocate, ceases publication 1990 more Catholics in Aust than Anglicans. 1991 Formation of Australian Catholic University 1991: Notre Dame Australia, a Catholic University, opened in Fremantle, WA. 1991: Sydney archdiocese faces severe shortage of priests. Lay people to be trained for leadership. 1991 Anglican bishop of Canberra Goulburn calls for full membership of the catholic Church in the WCC. 1991: Bishops call for action on Timor after massacre. 1991: 155 Australian parishes take on Passionist Family Group Movement for supporting families in parishes. 1992: Interfaith Dialogue is to be promoted by a new body: The Australian Council of Christians and Jews. 1991: Bishop Jim Cuskelly, Brisbane, elected first president of Queensland Churches Together. 1991: Christians in every capital city march to “Reclaim Easter”. 1991: Inclusive language to be used in Liturgies in Adelaide Diocese 1991: Townsville Diocese faces its future of a huge diocese with few priests with a Pastoral and Planning Commission. 1991: Deaneries return to dioceses as a way of structuring which responds to Priest shortages. 1991: Bishops release a statement, in collaboration with ATSI Catholic Council, for the International Year of Indigenous People. 1993 Archbishop Carroll of Canberra calls on people to commit themselves to a “new partnership” with Indigenous people of Australia. Bishops set up a refugee Office to address Human Rights for Asylum seekers. First Australian Edition of the new catechism of the Catholic Church published.
Skills Sequence some key people and events (religious and secular) that contributed to the development of Australia as a nation (c.1900 CE to present). Locate information about the contribution or significance of Catholics to the shaping of the Church in Australia (c.1900 CE to present). Develop historical narratives and descriptions about some key events and people’s experiences in the Church in Australia after Federation using source materials and appropriate historical terms and concepts. Identify and describe some examples of significant change and continuity in Australian Catholic identity and relationships with the wider society (c. 1900 CE to present).
Summary:	Key Figures: Archbishops Mannix and Duhig Cardinal Gilroy Dr Leslie Rumble FR Pat Dodson Sr Veronica Brady Sr Irene McCormack Fr Brian Gore Fr Bob McGuire Fr Chris Riley Archbishop Sir Guilford Young Laity: BA Santamaria James Scullin Joseph Lyons	The Movement Australian Catholic Truth Society Holy Name Society Knights of the Southern Cross Catholic Enquiry Centre Australian Bishops Committee for Justice Peace and Reconciliation Catholic Social Action Australian Catholic Universities Ecumenism	Conscription Communism Labour Party State Aid for Non-Government schools Abortion Contraception Pornography Reconciliation AIDS IVF