41. Aphasiology - is the study of language impairmentusually resulting from brain
damage,
due to
neurovascular accident—hemorrhage, stroke—or associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including
different types of
dementia
. It is also the name of a
scientific journal
covering the area. These specific language
deficits, termed
aphasias
, may be defined as impairments of language production or comprehension that cannot be
attributed to trivial causes such as
deafness
or oral
paralysis.
A number of aphasias have been described, but two are
best known:
expressive aphasia
(Broca's aphasia) and
receptive aphasia
(Wernicke's or sensory aphasia).
42. Oligophrenic pedagogy -Studies conducted in the field of teaching and education ofpreschool children
with serious intellectual impairments
43. Glossematic - is a structuralist linguistic theoryproposed by Louis
Hjelmslev
and
Hans Jørgen Uldall
although the two ultimately went separate ways each with their own approach. Hjelmslev’s theory, most notably, is
an early
mathematical methodology for the analysis of language which was subsequently incorporated into the analytical
foundation of current models of
functional—
Grammar
and
Systemic Functional Linguistics.
Hjelmslev’s theory likewise remains fundamental for
modern
semiotics
.
44. When carrying out any scientific work, it is necessary to understand how to select material and study it, what
sequence actions must be performed, what techniques to take. The way of conducting research, a set of techniques and actions aimed at solving a specific problem, which is called the method.