Sources page biographical material

SOURCES - page

1. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL -- in chronological order

ALCUIN (c735 804)
Phillip Drennon Thomas. Alcuin of York. DSB I, 104 105.

Robert Adamson. Alcuin, or Albinus. DNB, (I, 239 240), 20.

Andrew Fleming West. Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools. (The Great Educators -- III.) Heinemann, 1893. The only book on Alcuin that I found which deals with the Propositiones.

Stephen Allott. Alcuin of York c. A.D. 732 to 804 -- his life and letters. William Sessions, York, 1974.

FIBONACCI [LEONARDO PISANO] (c1170->1240)
See also the entries for Fibonacci in Common References.
Fibonacci. (1202 -- first paragraph); 1228 -- second paragraph, on p. 1. In this paragraph he narrates almost everything we know about him. [In the second ed., he inserted a dedication as the first paragraph.]

The paragraph ends with the notable sentence which I have used as a motto for this work. "Si quid forte minus aut plus iusto vel necessario intermisi, mihi deprecor indulgeatur, cum nemo sit qui vitio careat et in omnibus undique sit circumspectus." (If I have perchance omitted anything more or less proper or necessary, I beg indulgence, since there is no one who is blameless and utterly provident in all things. [Grimm's translation.])

Richard E. Grimm. The autobiography of Leonardo Pisano. Fibonacci Quarterly 11:1 (Feb 1973) 99-104. He has collated six MSS of the autobiographical paragraph and presents his critical version of it, with English translation and notes. Sigler, below, gives another translation. I give Grimm's translation, omitting his notes.
After my father's appointment by his homeland as state official in the customs house of Bugia for the Pisan merchants who thronged to it, he took charge; and, in view of its future usefulness and convenience, had me in my boyhood come to him and there wanted me to devote myself to and be instructed in the study of calculation for some days. There, following my introduction, as a consequence of marvelous instruction in the art, to the nine digits of the Hindus, the knowledge of the art very much appealed to me before all others, and for it I realized that all its aspects were studied in Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily, and Provence, with their varying methods; and at these places thereafter, while on business, I pursued my study in depth and learned the give-and-take of disputation. But all this even, and the algorism, as well as the art of Pythagoras I considered as almost a mistake in respect to the method of the Hindus. Therefore, embracing more stringently that method of the Hindus, and taking stricter pains in its study, while adding certain things from my own understanding and inserting also certain things from the niceties of Euclid's geometric art, I have striven to compose this book in its entirety as understandably as I could, dividing it into fifteen chapters. Almost everything which I have introduced I have displayed with exact proof, in order that those further seeking this knowledge, with its pre-eminent method, might be instructed, and further, in order that the Latin people might not be discovered to be without it, as they have been up to now. If I have perchance omitted anything more or less proper or necessary, I beg indulgence, since there is no one who is blameless and utterly provident in all things.
F. Bonaini. Memoria unica sincrona di Leonardo Fibonacci novamente scoperta. Giornale Storico degli Archivi Toscani 1:4 (Oct-Dec 1857) 239-246. This reports the discovery of a 1241 memorial of the Comune of Pisa, which I reproduce as it is not well known. This grants Leonardo an annual honorarium of 20 pounds. In 1867, a plaque bearing this inscription and an appropriate heading was placed in the atrium of the Archivio di Stato in Pisa.
"Considerantes nostre civitatis et civium honorem atque profectum, qui eis, tam per doctrinam quam per sedula obsequia discreti et sapientis viri magistri Leonardi Bigolli, in abbacandis estimationibus et rationibus civitatis eiusque officialium et aliis quoties expedit, conferunter; ut eidem Leonardo, merito dilectionis et gratie, atque scientie sue prerogativa, in recompensationem laboris sui quem substinet in audiendis et consolidandis estimationibus et rationibus supradictis, a Comuni et camerariis publicis, de Comuni et pro Comuni, mercede sive salario suo, annis singulis, libre xx denariorum et amisceria consueta dari debeant (ipseque pisano Comuni et eius officialibus in abbacatione de cetero more solito serviat), presenti constitutione firmamus."
A translation follows, but it can probably be improved. My thanks to Steph Maury Gannon for many improvements over my initial version.
Considering the honour and progress of our city and its citizens that is brought to them through both the knowledge and the diligent application of the discreet and wise Maestro Leonardo Bigallo in the art of calculation for valuations and accounts for the city and its officials and others, as often as necessary; we declare by this present decree that there shall be given to the same Leonardo, from the Comune and on behalf of the Comune, by reason of affection and gratitude, and for his excellence in science, in recompense for the labour which he has done in auditing and consolidating the above mentioned valuations and accounts for the Comune and the public bodies, as his wages or salary, 20 pounds in money each year and his usual fees (the same Pisano shall continue to render his usual services to the Comune and its officials in the art of calculation etc.).
Bonaini also quotes a 1506 reference to Lionardo Fibonacci.
Mario Lazzarini. Leonardo Fibonacci Le sue Opere e la sua Famiglia. Bolletino di Bibliografia e Storia delle Scienze Matematiche 6 (1903) 98 102 & 7 (1904) 1-7. Traces the family to late 11C, saying Leonardo's father was Guglielmo and his grandfather was probably Bonaccio. He estimates the birth date as c1170. He describes a contract of 28 Aug 1226 in which Leonardo Bigollo, his father, Guglielmo, and his brother, Bonaccingo, buy a piece of land from a relative. This land included a tower and other buildings, outside the city, near S. Pietro in Vincoli. [G. Milanesi; Documento inedito intorno a Leonardo Fibonacci; Rome, 1867 -- ??NYS]. Says nothing is known of the 1202 ed of Liber Abbaci. Quotes the above memorial.

R. B. McClenon. Leonardo of Pisa and his liber quadratorum. AMM 26:1 (Jan 1919) 1-8.

Gino Loria. Leonardo Fibonacci. Gli Scienziati Italiana dall'inizio del medio evo ai nostri giorni. Ed. by Aldo Mieli. (Dott. Attilio Nardecchia Editore, Rome, 1921;) Casa Editrice Leonardo da Vinci, Rome, 1923. Vol. 1, pp. 4-12. This reproduces much of the material in Lazzarini and the opening biographical paragraph of Liber Abaci.

Ettore Bortolotti. Article on Fibonacci in: Enciclopedia Italiana. G. Treccani, Rome, 1949 (reprint of 1932 ed.).

Charles King. Leonardo Fibonacci. Fibonacci Quarterly 1:4 (Dec 1963) 15-19.

Gino Arrighi, ed. Leonardo Fibonacci: La Practica di Geometria -- Volgarizzata da Cristofano di Gherardo di Dino, cittadino pisano. Dal Codice 2186 della Biblioteca Riccardiana di Firenze. Domus Galilaeana, Pisa, 1966. The Frontispiece is the mythical portrait of Fibonacci, taken from I Benefattori dell'Umanità, vol. VI; Ducci, Florence, 1850. (Smith, History II 214 says it is a "Modern engraving. The portrait is not based on authentic sources".) P. 15 shows the plaque erected in the Archivio di Stato di Pisa in 1855 which reproduces the above memorial with an appropriate heading, but Arrighi has no discussion of it. P. 19 is a photo of the statue in Pisa and p. 16 describes its commissioning in 1859.

Joseph and Francis Gies. Leonard of Pisa and the New Mathematics of the Middle Ages. Crowell, NY, 1969. This is a book for school students and contains a number of dubious statements and several false statements.

Kurt Vogel. Fibonacci, Leonardo, or Leonardo of Pisa. DSB IV, 604-613.

A. F. Horadam. Eight hundred years young. Australian Mathematics Teacher 31 (1975) 123 134. Good survey of Fibonacci's life & work. Gives English of a few problems. This is available on Kimberling's website - see below.

Ettore Picutti. Leonardo Pisano. Le Scienze 164 (Apr 1982) ??NYS. = Le Scienze, Quaderni; 1984, pp. 30-39. (Le Scienze is a magazine; the Quaderni are collections of articles into books.) Mostly concerned with the Liber Quadratorum, but surveys Fibonacci's life and work. Says he was born around 1170. Includes photo of the plaque in the Archivo di Stato di Pisa.

Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci. Liber quadratorum, 1225. Translated and edited by L. E. Sigler as: The Book of Squares; Academic Press, NY, 1987. Introduction: A brief biography of Leonardo Pisano (Fibonacci) [1170 - post 1240], pp. xv-xx. This is the best recent biography, summarizing Picutti's article. Says he was born in 1170 and his father's name was Guilielmo -- cf Loria above. Gives another translation of the biographical paragraph of the Liber Abbaci.

A. F. Horadam & J. Lahr. Letter to the Editor. Fibonacci Quarterly 28:1 (Feb 1990) 90. The authors volunteer to act as coordinators for work on the life and work of Fibonacci. Addresses: A. F. Horadam, Mathematics etc., Univ. of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia; J. Lahr, 14 rue des Sept Arpents, L 1139 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

Thomas Koshy. Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers with Applications. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley, 2001. Claims to be 'the first attempt to compile a definitive history and authoritative analysis' of the Fibonacci numbers, but the history is generally second-hand and marred with a substantial number of errors, The mathematical work is extensive, covering many topics not organised before, and is better done, but there are more errors than one would like.

Laurence E. Sigler. Translation of Liber Abaci as: Fibonacci's Liber Abaci A Translation into Modern English of Leonardo Pisano's Book of Calculation. Springer, 2002.

Clark Kimberling's site web includes biographical material on Fibonacci and other similar number theorists. http://cedar.evansville.edu/~ck6/bstud/fibo.html .

Ron Knott has a huge website on Fibonacci numbers and their applications, with material on many related topics, e.g. continued fractions, π, etc. with some history. www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/personal/r.knott/fibonacci/fibnat.html .

Luca PACIOLI (c1445-1517)
S. A. Jayawardene. Luca Pacioli. BDM 4, 1897-1900.
Bernardino Baldi (Catagallina) (1553-1617). Vita di Pacioli. (1589, first published in his Cronica de Mathematici of 1707.) Reprinted in: Bollettino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze matematiche e fisiche 12 (1879) 421-427. ??NYS -- cited by Taylor, p. 338.

Enrico Narducci. Intorno a due edizioni della "Summa de arithmetica" di Fra Luca Pacioli. Rome, 1863. ??NYS -- cited by Riccardi [Biblioteca Matematica Italiana, 1952]

D. Ivano Ricci. Luca Pacioli, l'uomo e lo scienziato. San Sepolcro, 1940. ??NYS -- cited in BDM.

R. Emmett Taylor. No Royal Road Luca Pacioli and His Times. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1942. BDM describes this as lively but unreliable.

Ettore Bortolotti. La Storia della Matematica nella Università di Bologna. Nicola Zanichelli Editore, Bologna, 1947. Chap. I, § V, pp. 27-33: Luca Pacioli.

Margaret Daly Davis. Piero della Francesca's Mathematical Treatises The "Trattato d'abaco" and "Libellus de quinque corporibus regularibus". Longo Editore, Ravenna, 1977. This discusses Piero's reuse of his own material and Pacioli's reuse of Piero's material.

Fenella K. C. Rankin. The Arithmetic and Algebra of Luca Pacioli. PhD thesis, Univ. of London, 1992 (copy at the Warburg Institute), ??NYR.

Enrico Giusti, ed. Descriptive booklet accompanying the 1994 facsimile of the Summa -- qv in Common References.

Edward A. Fennell. Figures in Proportion: Art, Science and the Business Renaissance. The contribution of Luca Pacioli to culture and commerce in the High Renaissance. Catalogue for the exhibition, The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, London, 1994.
Claude-Gaspar BACHET de Méziriac (1581 1638)
C. G. Collet & J. Itard. Un mathématicien humaniste -- Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac (1581 1638). Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et leurs Applications 1 (1947) 26 50.

J. Itard. Avant-propos. IN: Bachet; Problemes; 1959 reprint, pp. v viii. Based on the previous article.

There is a Frontispiece portrait in the reprint.

Underwood Dudley. The first recreational mathematics book. JRM 3 (1970) 164 169. On Bachet's Problemes.

William Schaaf. Bachet de Méziriac, Claude Gaspar. DSB I, 367 368.
Jean LEURECHON (c1591 1670) and Henrik VAN ETTEN
A. Deblaye. Étude sur la récréation mathématique du P. Jean Leurechon, Jésuite. Mémoires de la Société Philotechnique de Pont-à-Mousson 1 (1874) 171-183. [MUS #314. Schaaf. Hall, OCB, pp. 86, 88 & 114, says the only known copy of this journal is at Harvard, which has kindly supplied me with a photocopy of this article. Hall indicates the article is in vol. II and says it is 12 pages, but only cites pp. 171 & 174.] This simply assumes Leurechon is the author and gives a summary of his life. The essential content is described by Hall.

G. Eneström. Girard Desargues und D.A.L.G. Biblioteca Mathematica (3) 14 (1914) 253 258. D.A.L.G. was an annotator of van Etten's book in c1630. Although D.A.L.G. was used by Mydorge on one of his other books, it had been conjectured that this stood for Des Argues Lyonnais Girard (or Géomètre). Eneström can find no real evidence for this and feels that Mydorge is the most likely person.

Trevor H. Hall. Mathematicall Recreations. An Exercise in Seventeenth Century Bibliography. Leeds Studies in Bibliography and Textual Criticism, No. 1. The Bibliography Room, School of English, University of Leeds, 1969, 38pp. Pp. 18 38 discuss the question of authorship and Hall feels that van Etten probably was the author and that there is very little evidence for Leurechon being the author. Much of the mathematical content is in Bachet's Problemes and may have been copied from it or some common source. [This booklet is reproduced as pp. 83-119 of Hall, OCB, with the title page of the 1633 first English edition reproduced as plate 5, opp. p. 112. Some changes have been made in the form of references since OCB is a big book, but the only other substantial change is that he spells the name of the dedicatee of the book as Verreyken rather than Verreycken.]

William Schaaf. Leurechon, Jean. DSB VIII, 271 272.

Jacques Voignier. Who was the author of "Recreation Mathematique" (1624)? The Perennial Mystics #9 (1991) 5-48 (& 1-2 which are the cover and its reverse). [This journal is edited and published by James Hagy, 2373 Arbeleda Lane, Northbrook, Illinois, 60062, USA.] Presents some indirect evidence for Leurechon's authorship.
Jacques OZANAM (1640 1717)
On the flyleaf of J. E. Hofmann's copy of the 1696 edition of Ozanam's Recreations is a pencil portrait labelled Ozanam -- the only one I know of. This copy is at the Institut für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft in Munich. Hofmann published the picture -- see below.

Charles Hutton. A Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary. 1795-1796. Vol. II, pp. 184-185. ??NYS [Hall, OCB, p. 166.]

Charles Hutton. On the life and writings of Ozanam, the first author of these Mathematical Recreations. Ozanam-Hutton. Vol. I. 1803: xiii-xv; 1814: ix-xi.

William L. Schaaf. Jacques Ozanam on mathematics .... MTr 50 (1957) 385-389. Mostly based on Hutton. Includes a sketchy bibliography of Ozanam's works, generally ignoring the Recreations.

Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmann. Leibniz und Ozanams Problem, drei Zahlen so zu bestimmen, dass ihre Summe eine Quadratzahl und ihre Quadratsumme eine Biquadratzahl ergibt. Studia Leibnitiana 1:2 (1969) 103-126. Outlines Ozanam's life, gives a bibliography of his works and reproduces the above-mentioned drawing as a plate opp. p. 124. (My thanks to Menso Folkerts for this information and a copy of Hofmann's article.)

William L. Schaaf. Ozanam, Jacques. DSB X, 263 265.

Jean Étienne MONTUCLA (1725-1799)
Charles Hutton. Some account of the life and writings of Montucla. Ozanam Hutton. Vol. I. 1803: viii-xii; 1814: iv-viii.

Charles Hutton. A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary. 2nd ed. of the Dictionary cited under Ozanam, 1815, Vol. II, pp. 63-64. ??NYS. According to Hall, OCB, p. 167, this is not in the 1795-1796 ed. and is a reworking of the previous item.

Lewis CARROLL (1832-1898)
Pseudonym of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. There is so much written on Carroll that I will only give references to his specifically recreational work and some basic references.
The Diaries of Lewis Carroll. Edited by Roger Lancelyn Green. (OUP, 1954); 2 vols, Greenwood Publishers, Westport, Connecticut, 1971, HB.

Lewis Carroll's Diaries The private journals of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) The first complete version of the nine surviving volumes with notes and annotations by Edward Wakeling. Introduction by Roger Lancelyn-Green. The Lewis Carroll Society, Publications Unit, Luton, Bedfordshire. [There were 13 journals, but 4 are lost.]

Vol. 1. Journal 2, Jan-Sep 1855. 1993, 158pp.

Vol. 2. Journal 4, Jan-Dec 1856. 1994, 158pp.

Vol. 3. Journal 5, Jan 1857 - Apr 1858. 1995, 199pp.

Vol. 4. Journal 8, May 1862 - Sep 1864 and a reconstruction of the four missing

years, 1858-1862. 1997, 399pp.

Vol. 5. Journal 9, Sep 1864 - Jan 1868, including the Russian Journal.

1999, 416pp.

Vol. 6. Journal 10, Apr 1868 - Dec 1876. 2001, 552pp.

Vol. 7. Journal 11, Jan 1877 - Jun 1883. 2003, 606pp.

The Letters of Lewis Carroll. Edited by Morton N. Cohen with the assistance of Roger Lancelyn Green. Volume One ca.1837 - 1885; Volume Two 1886 - 1898. Macmillan London, 1979.

Stuart Dodgson Collingwood. The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898.

Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, ed. The Lewis Carroll Picture Book. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1899. = Diversions and Digressions of Lewis Carroll, Dover, 1961. = The Unknown Lewis Carroll, Dover, 1961(?). Reprint, in reduced format, Collins, c1910. The pagination of the main text is the same in the 1899 and in both Dover reprints, but is quite different than the Collins. Cited as: Carroll-Collingwood, qv in Common References.

R. B. Braithwaite. Lewis Carroll as logician. MG 16 (No. 219) (Jul 1932) 174-178. He notes that Carroll assumed that a universal statement implied the existence of an object satisfying the antecedent, e.g. 'all unicorns are blue' would imply the existence of unicorns, contrary to modern convention.

Derek Hudson. Lewis Carroll -- An Illustrated Biography. Constable, 1954; new illustrated ed., 1976.

Warren Weaver. Lewis Carroll: Mathematician. SA 194:4 (Apr 1956) 116 128. + Letters and response. SA 194:6 (Jun 1956) 19-22.

Martin Gardner. The Annotated Alice. C. N. Potter, NY, 1960. Penguin, 1965; 2nd ed., 1971. Revised as: More Annotated Alice, 1990, qv.

Martin Gardner. The Annotated Snark. Bramhall House, 1962. Penguin, 1967; revised, 1973 & 1974.

John Fisher. The Magic of Lewis Carroll. Nelson, 1973. Penguin, 1975.

Morton N. Cohen, ed. The Selected Letters of Lewis Carroll. Papermac (Macmillan), 1982.

Martin Gardner. More Annotated Alice. [Extension of The Annotated Alice.] Random House, 1990.

Edward Wakeling. Lewis Carroll's Games and Puzzles. Dover and the Lewis Carroll Birthplace Trust, 1992. Cited as Carroll-Wakeling, qv in Common References.

Francine F. Abeles, ed. The Pamphlets of Lewis Carroll -- Vol. 2: The Mathematical Pamphlets of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and Related Pieces. Lewis Carroll Society of North America, distributed by University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1994.

Edward Wakeling. Rediscovered Lewis Carroll Puzzles. Dover, 1995. Cited as Carroll Wakeling II, qv in Common References.

Martin Gardner. The Universe in a Handkerchief. Lewis Carroll's Mathematical Recreations, Games, Puzzles and Word Plays. Copernicus (Springer, NY), 1996. Cited as Carroll Gardner, qv in Common References.

Martin Gardner. The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition. 1999. [A combined version of The Annotated Alice and More Annotated Alice.]
Professor Louis HOFFMANN (1839 1919)
Pseudonym of Angelo John Lewis.
Joseph Foster. Men-at-the-Bar: A biographical Hand-List of the Members of the Various Inns of Court, including Her Majesty's Judges, etc. 2nd ed, the author, 1885. P. 277 is the entry for Lewis. Born in London, eldest son of John Lewis. Graduated from Wadham College, Oxford. Entered Lincoln's Inn as a student in 1858, called to the bar there in 1861. Married Mary Ann Avery in 1864. Author of Manual of Indian Penal Code and Manual of Indian Civil Procedure. Address: 12 Crescent Place, Mornington Crescent, London, NW. (My thanks to the Library of Lincoln's Inn for this information.)

Anonymous. Professor Hoffmann. Mahatma 4:1 (Jul 1900) 377-378. A brief note, with photograph, stating that he is Mr. Angelo Lewis, M.A. and Barrister-at-Law.

Will Goldston. Will Goldston's Who's Who in Magic. My version is included in a compendium called: Tricks that Mystify; Will Goldston, London, nd [1934-NUC]. Pp. 106-107. Says he was a barrister, retired to Hastings about 1903 and died in 1917.

Who Was Who, 1916-1928, p. 627. This says he attended North London Collegiate School and that he only practised law until 1876. He was on the staff of the Saturday Review and a contributor to many journals. Won the £100 prize offered by Youth's Companion (Boston) for best short story for boys. Lists 36 books by him and 9 card games he invented. Address: Manningford, Upper Bolebrooke Road, Bexhill-on-Sea. (My thanks to the Library of Lincoln's Inn for this information.)

J. B. Findlay & Thomas A. Sawyer. Professor Hoffmann: A Study. Published by Thomas A. Sawyer, Tustin, California, 1977. A short book, 12 + 67 pp, with two portraits (one from Mahatma) and 27pp of bibliography. He was born at 3 Crescent Place, Mornington Crescent, London. He was a barrister and wrote two books on Indian law.

Charles Reynolds. Introduction -- to the reprint of Hoffmann's Modern Magic, Dover, 1978, pp. v xiv. This says Lewis was a barrister, which is mentioned in another reprint of a Hoffmann book and in S. H. Sharpe's translation of Ponsin on Conjuring.

Edward Hordern. Foreword to this edition. In: Hoffmann's Puzzles Old and New (see under Common References), 1988 reprint, pp. v vi. This says he was the Reverend Lewis, but this is corrected in Hoffmann-Hordern to saying he was a barrister.

Hoffmann-Hordern, p. viii, is a version of the photograph in Mahatma.

Hall, OCB, p. 189, gives Hoffmann's address as Ireton Lodge, Cromwell Ave., N. -- presumably the Cromwell Ave. in Highgate.

Toole Stott 386 gives a little information about Hoffmann and Modern Magic, including an address in Mornington Crescent in 1877.

No DNB or DSB entry -- I have suggested a DNB entry.
Sam LOYD (1841 1911) and Sam LOYD JR. (1873 1934)
[W. R. Henry.] Samuel Loyd. [Biography.] Dubuque Chess Journal, No. 66 (Aug-Sep 1875) 361-365. ??NX -- o/o (11 Jul 91).

Loyd. US Design 4793 -- Design for Puzzle-Blocks. 11 April 1871. These are solid pieces, but unfortunately the drawing did not come with this, so I am not clear what they are. ??Need drawing -- o/o (11 Jul 91).

Anonymous & Sam Loyd. Loyd's puzzles (Introductory column). Brooklyn Daily Eagle (22 Mar 1896) 23. Says he lives at 153 Halsey St., Brooklyn.

L. D. Broughton Jr. Samuel Loyd. [A Biography.] Lasker's Chess Magazine 1:2 (Dec 1904) 83-85. About his chess problems with a mention of some of his puzzles.

G. G. Bain. The prince of puzzle makers. An interview with Sam Loyd. Strand Magazine 34 (No. 204) (Dec 1907) 771 777. Solutions of Sam Loyd's puzzles. Ibid. 35 (No. 205) (Jan 1908) 110.

Walter Prichard Eaton. My fifty years in puzzleland -- Sam Loyd and his ten thousand brain teasers. The Delineator (New York) (April 1911) 274 & 328. Drawn portrait of Loyd, age 69.

Anon. Puzzle inventor dead. New-York Daily Tribune (12 Apr 1911) 7. Says he died at his house, 153 Halsey St. "He declared no one had ever succeeded in solving [the "Disappearing Chinaman"]." Says he is survived by a son and two daughters (!! -- has anyone ever tracked the daughters and their descendents??).

Anon. Sam Loyd, puzzle man, dies. New York Times (12 Apr 1911) 13. Says he was for some time editor of The Sanitary Engineer and a shrewd operator on Wall Street.

Anon. Sam Loyd. SA (22 Apr 1911) 40-41?? Says he was for some years chess editor of SA and was puzzle editor of Woman's Home Companion when he died.

W. P. Eaton. Sam Loyd. The American Magazine 72 (May 1911) 50, 51, 53. Abridged version of Eaton's earlier article. Photo of Loyd on p. 50.

P. J. Doyle. Letter to the Chess column. The Sunday Call [Newark, NJ] (21 May 1911), section III, p. 10.

A. C. White. Sam Loyd and His Chess Problems. Whitehead and Miller, Leeds, UK, 1913; corrected, Dover, 1962.

Alain C. White. Supplement to Sam Loyd and His Chess Problems. Good Companion Chess Problem Club, Philadelphia, vol. I, nos. 11-12 (Aug 1914), 12pp. This is mostly corrections of the chess problems, but adds a few family details with a picture of the Loyd Homestead and Grist Mill in Moylan, Pennsylvania.

Alain C. White. Reminiscences of Sam Loyd's family. The Problem [Pittsburgh] (28 Mar 1914) 2, 3, 6, 7.

Louis C. Karpinski. Loyd, Samuel. Dictionary of American Biography, Scribner's, NY, vol. XI, 1933, pp. 479 480.

Loyd Jr. SLAHP. 1928. Preface gives some details of his life, making little mention of his father, "who was a famous mathematician and chess player". He claims to have created over 10,000 puzzles. There are some vague biographical details on pp. 1 22, e.g. 'Father conducted a printing establishment.' 'My "Missing Chinaman Puzzle"'. (It may have been some such assertion that led me to estimate his birthdate as 1865, but I now see it is well known to be 1873.)

Anonymous. Sam Loyd dead; puzzle creator. New York Times (25 Feb 1934). Obituary of Sam Loyd Jr. Says he resided at 153 Halsey St., Brooklyn -- the same address as his father -- see the Brooklyn Daily Eagle article of 1896, above. He worked from a studio at 246 Fulton St., Brooklyn. It says Jr. invented 'How Old is Ann?'.

Clark Kinnaird. Encyclopedia of Puzzles and Pastimes. Grosset & Dunlap, NY, 1946. Pp. 263 267: Sam Loyd. Asserts that Loyd Jr. invented 'How Old is Ann?'

Gardner. Sam Loyd: America's greatest puzzlist. SA (Aug 1957) c= First Book, Chap. 9.

Gardner. Advertising premiums. SA (Nov 1971) c= Wheels, chap. 12.

Will Shortz is working on a biography.

No DSB entry.

François Anatole Édouard LUCAS (1842 1891)
Jeux Scientifiques de Ed. Lucas. Advertisement by Chambon & Baye (14 rue Etienne-Marcel, Paris) for the 1^re Serie of six games. Cosmos. Revue des Sciences et Leurs Applications 39 (NS No. 254) (7 Dec 1889) no page number on my photocopy.

B. Bailly [name not given, but supplied by Hinz]. Article on Lucas's puzzles. Cosmos. Revue des Sciences et Leurs Applications. NS, 39 (No. 259) (11 Jan 1890) 156-159. NEED 156 157.

Nécrologie: Édouard Lucas. La Nature 19 (1891) II, 302.

Obituary notice: "La Nature announces the death of Prof. Edouard Lucas ...." Nature 44 (15 Oct 1891) 574-575.

Duncan Harkin. On the mathematical work of François Édouard Anatole Lucas. L'Enseignement Math. (2) 3 (1957) 276 288. Pp. 282 288 is a bibliography of 184 items. I have found many Lucas publication not listed here and have started a new Bibliography -- see below.

P. J. Campbell. Lucas' solution to the non attacking rooks problem. JRM 9 (1976/77) 195 200. Gives life of Lucas.

A photo of Lucas is available from Bibliothèque Nationale, Service Photographique, 58 rue Richelieu, F 75084 Paris Cedex 02, France. Quote Cote du Document Ln²⁷ . 43345 and Cote du Cliche 83 A 51772. (??*) I have obtained a copy, about 55 x 85 mm, with the photo in an oval surround. It looks like a carte-de-visite, but has Édouard LUCAS (1842-1891). -- Phot. Zagel. underneath. (Thanks to H. W. Lenstra for the information.)

Norman T. Gridgeman. Lucas, François Édouard Anatole. DSB VIII, 531 532.

Susanna S. Epp. Discrete Mathematics with Applications. Wadsworth, Belmont, Calif., 1990, p. 477 gives a small photo of Lucas which looks nothing like the photo from the BN. I have since received a note from Epp via Paul Campbell that a wrong photo was used in the first edition, but this was corrected in later editions.

Alain Zalmanski. Edouard Lucas Quand l'arithmétique devient amusante. Jouer Jeux Mathématiques 3 (Jul/Sep 1991) 5. Brief notice of his life and work.

Andreas M. Hinz. Pascal's triangle and the Tower of Hanoi. AMM 99 (1992) 538-544. Sketches Lucas' life and work, giving details that are not in the above items.

David Singmaster. The publications of Édouard Lucas. Draft version, 14pp, 1998. I discovered many items in Dickson's History of the Theory of Numbers and elsewhere which are not given by Harkin (cf above). This has 248 items, though many of these are multiple items so the actual count is perhaps 275. However, Dickson does not give article titles, and may not give the pages of the entire article, so the same article may be cited more than once, at different pages. I hope to fill in the missing information at some time.

Hermann Cäsar Hannibal SCHUBERT (1848-1911)
Acta Mathematica 1882-1912. Table Générale des Tomes 1-35. 1913. P. 169. Portrait of Schubert.

Werner Burau. Schubert, Hermann Cäsar Hannibal. DSB XII, 227 229.

Walter William Rouse BALL (1850 1925)
Anon. Obituary: Mr. Rouse Ball. The Times (6 Apr 1925) 16.

Anon. Funeral notice: Mr. W. W. R. Ball. The Times (9 Apr 1925) 13.

(Lord) Phillimore. Letter: Mr. Rouse Ball. The Times (9 Apr 1925) 15.

"An old pupil". The late Mr. Rouse Ball. The Times (13 Apr 1925) 12.

J. J. Thomson. W. W. Rouse Ball. The Cambridge Review (24 Apr 1925) 341-342.

Anon. Obituary of W. W. Rouse Ball. Nature 115 (23 May 1925) 808 809.

Anon. The late Mr. W. W. Rouse Ball. The Trinity Magazine (Jun 1925) 53-54.

Anon. Entry in Who's Who, 1925, p. 127.

Anon. Wills and bequests: Mr. Walter William Rouse Ball. The Times (7 Sep 1925) 15.

E. T. Whittaker. Obituary. W. W. Rouse Ball. Math. Gaz. 12 (No. 178) (Oct 1925) 449-454, with photo opp. p. 449.

F. Cajori. Walter William Rouse Ball. Isis 8 (1926) 321 324. Photo on plate 15, opp. p. 321. Copy of Ball's 1924 Xmas card on p. 324.

J. A. Venn. Alumni Cantabrigienses. Part II: From 1752 to 1900. Vol. I, p. 136. CUP, 1940.

David Singmaster. Walter William Rouse Ball (1850-1925). 6pp handout for 1st UK Meeting on the History of Recreational Mathematics, 24 Oct 1992. Plus extended biographical (6pp) and bibliographical (8pp) notes which repeat some of the material in the handout.

No DNB or DSB entry -- however I have offered to write a DNB entry. I have since seen the proposed list of names for the next edition and Ball is already on it.

Henry Ernest DUDENEY (1857 1930)
Anon. & Dudeney. A chat with the puzzle king. The Captain 2 (Dec? 1899) 314 320, with photo. Partly an interview. Includes photos of Littlewick Meadow.

Anon. Solutions to "Sphinx's puzzles". The Captain 2:6 (Mar 1900) 598 599 & 3:1 (Apr 1900) 89.

Anon. Master of the breakfast table problem. Daily Mail (1 Feb 1905) 7. An interview with Dudeney in which he gives the better version of his spider and fly problem.

Fenn Sherie. The Puzzle King: An Interview with Henry E. Dudeney. Strand Magazine 71 (Apr 1926) 398 4O4.

Alice Dudeney. Preface to PCP, dated Dec 1931, pp. vii x. The date of his death is erroneously given as 1931.

Gardner. Henry Ernest Dudeney: England's greatest puzzlist. SA (Jun 1958) c= Second Book, chap. 3.

Angela Newing. The Life and Work of H. E. Dudeney. MS 21 (1988/89) 37 44.

Angela Newing is working on a biography.

No DNB or DSB entry. I have suggested a DNB entry.
Wilhelm Ernst Martin Georg AHRENS (1872 1927)
Wilhelm Lorey. Wilhelm Ahrens zum Gedächtnis. Archiv für Geschichte der Mathematik, der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik 10 (1927/28) 328 333. Photo on p. 328.

O. Staude. Dem Andenken an Dr. Wilhelm Ahrens. Jahresbericht DMV 37 (1928) 286-287.

No DSB entry.
Yakov Isidorovich PERELMAN [Я. И. Перелман] (1882-1942)
Perelman. FMP. 1984. P. 2 (opp. TP) is a sketch of his life and the history of the book. There is a small drawing of Perelman at the top of the page.

Patricio Barros. Website -- Yakov I. Perelman [in Spanish]: www.geocities.com/yakov_perelman/index.html. This includes a four page biography, in collaboration with Antonio Bravo, and two photos.

Hubert PHILLIPS (1891-1964)
Hubert Phillips. Journey to Nowhere. A Discursive Autobiography. Macgibbon & Kee, London, 1960. ??NYR

No DNB entry -- I have suggested one.