|
It is critical that any field observations made in the determination of survey stations be available for recalculation and auditing purposes at any stage. It is advocated that all observations be stored in an electronic format on a different storage medium than the instrument. In addition it is suggested that hard-copies of all survey calculations are kept for reference purposes.
Record keeping
The presentation of data has three basic outputs, namely co-ordinates, a “void model” of measured profiles and the alignment of current layouts with the mine design. Data storage should be on a hard drive in original format. A copy of all survey observations and calculations should be stored with special attention given to any specialized surveys such as check surveys and check survey baselines. It is recommended that the survey station data base used should have the ability to upgrade or downgrade the confidence of individual survey stations.
Measuring procedures
The measuring of excavation position and volume using tacheometry can make use of a resection to orientate the instrument. According to the MHSA a lower class of accuracy is acceptable for the measurement of face positions. It is therefore acceptable for the surveyor to use fewer points to orientate the instrument, but it is recommended that good survey observation protocol be used and the reference object be sighted upon completion of the measurements.
Survey advice
The term used for a “markup” in South African terminology is “survey letter”, “-advice” or “-layout”. Normally a survey layout would include the same information as described above and is in most cases viewed as a legal document. Electronic backups of all survey advice with the relevant signatures should therefore be stored as a “hard copy” as well as electronically.
Phase 6. Check survey
It is essential to check the integrity of a survey network on each of the different levels of the mine. The following processes should be followed:
-
Where possible, all surveys should be closed on the same point or base of origin.
-
If a closure loop is not possible it should be attempted to perform an inter-level check between survey networks.
-
Long observation shots bypassing intermediate survey stations should be used for check surveys.
-
A check survey baseline should be installed at start and end of any sidewall station survey network as well as at all important junctions on every level of the mine.
-
A bearing check should be made by gyroscope at least within every 750 metres and a baseline installed at that position.
-
The baseline must be installed in a stable, safe area in the workings of the mine and should be check surveyed and adjusted.
-
The accuracy of any check survey should at least meet the minimum standard of accuracy as determined by the MHSA regulations.
-
The error vector should be calculated using the following formula: 
-
Check survey stations should be indicated with a postfix “C” to designate that the point has been resurveyed and checked.
It is important to note that the sidewall survey station network can be a safe and accurate alternative to conventional hangingwall surveying techniques under specific conditions. The improvement of technology has provided the surveyor with the tools to perform complicated calculations in a short time, but it should never be forgotten that technology is no substitute for knowledge and experience. In order to ensure the accuracy of a survey network, it is essential that all the fundamental principles of good survey practice be followed without fail.
Prescribed plans
It is recommended that a check survey baseline be indicated on all plans, in an easily identifiable colour. The baseline should be indicated with a line annotated with the words “Check-survey Baseline” as well as the bearing and distance indicated on or below the line. Preferably any reference to a calculation file or report should be included.
Figure . Check survey baseline legend
[182]
-
Sidewall stations should be indicated with a circle with an inscribed triangle, with the symbol and name of the survey station in the colour of reef or in black if on waste. The elevation of the survey station should be indicated in black. It is adviseable that no temporary points should be plotted on a plan and if circumstances require the plotting of such a point the point should be annotated as a TP (Temporary Point) or UC (Unchecked Point).
-
Hangingwall survey stations should be indicated as per the latest schedule issued by the DMR, currently this requires the plotting of two coloured concentric circles depending on the schedule used.
Appendix 9.
Theoretical configuration of sidewall stations
Appendix 10.
Recommended Equipment List
Appendix 11.
UJ tunnel fieldbook report
|
Fieldbook Report
|
06/30/2012 09:21:53
|
 Job Information
Job name:
|
UJSS220512
|
Created:
|
05/23/2012 11:25:44
|
Application software:
|
LEICA Geo Office 7.0
|
Average limit (Position):
|
0.0500 m
|
Average limit (Height):
|
0.0750 m
|
TPS Coordinates
Atmospheric Information
|
|
Temperature:
|
20.0 °C
|
Pressure:
|
827.9 mbar
|
Elev. above MSL:
|
1614.2 m
|
Relative Humidity:
|
40 %
|
|
Atmospheric PPM:
|
58.9
|
Setup:
|
UJ004FS
|
|
Instrument height:
|
-2.1005 m
|
|
Station Coordinates:
|
|
|
|
Easting:
|
94436.6169 m
|
|
|
Northing:
|
2898265.1357 m
|
|
|
Height:
|
1000.8306 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0033 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0008 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0024 m
|
Observations:
|
SS06FS
|
|
Reflector height / type:
|
0.0000 m / Reflectorless
|
|
Coordinates:
|
|
Easting:
|
94432.5614 m
|
|
Northing:
|
2898277.4522 m
|
|
Height:
|
995.5677 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0009 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0028 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0007 m
|
|
Observations in Face I:
|
Hz: 341° 46' 29.1"
|
V: 103° 42' 22.3"
|
S. Dist: 13.3470 m
|
|
H. Dist: 12.9669 m
|
Ht. Diff: -5.2630 m
|
|
Coordinates:
|
|
Easting:
|
94431.4512 m
|
|
Northing:
|
2898282.7089 m
|
|
Height:
|
995.5569 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0006 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0019 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0004 m
|
|
Observations in Face I:
|
Hz: 343° 37' 08.7"
|
V: 99° 49' 42.9"
|
S. Dist: 18.5895 m
|
|
H. Dist: 18.3167 m
|
Ht. Diff: -5.2737 m
|
|
Observations:
|
SS08FS
|
|
Reflector height / type:
|
0.0000 m / Leica Circ Prism
|
|
Coordinates:
|
|
Easting:
|
94433.5277 m
|
|
Northing:
|
2898283.4463 m
|
|
Height:
|
995.0988 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0004 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0020 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0004 m
|
|
Observations in Face I:
|
Hz: 350° 25' 26.0"
|
V: 101° 03' 54.5"
|
S. Dist: 18.9210 m
|
|
H. Dist: 18.5693 m
|
Ht. Diff: -5.7319 m
|
|
Coordinates:
|
|
Easting:
|
94433.4378 m
|
|
Northing:
|
2898280.1715 m
|
|
Height:
|
994.1328 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0004 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0020 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0004 m
|
|
Observations in Face I:
|
Hz: 348° 03' 41.5"
|
V: 101° 02' 11.2"
|
S. Dist: 15.6577 m
|
|
H. Dist: 15.3682 m
|
Ht. Diff: -6.6979 m
|
|
Observations:
|
SS03RS
|
|
Reflector height / type:
|
0.0000 m / Leica Circ Prism
|
|
Coordinates:
|
|
Easting:
|
94435.3321 m
|
|
Northing:
|
2898264.4697 m
|
|
Height:
|
998.5378 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0018 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0009 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0003 m
|
|
Observations in Face I:
|
Hz: 242° 35' 49.4"
|
V: 97° 34' 08.9"
|
S. Dist: 1.4599 m
|
|
H. Dist: 1.4472 m
|
Ht. Diff: -2.2928 m
|
|
Setup:
|
UJ005FS
|
|
Instrument height:
|
-1.5658 m
|
|
Station Coordinates:
|
|
|
|
Easting:
|
94433.4414 m
|
|
|
Northing:
|
2898280.1682 m
|
|
|
Height:
|
997.3455 m
|
|
Quality:
|
Sd. E: 0.0041 m
|
Sd. N: 0.0012 m
|
Sd. Hgt: 0.0015 m
|
Observations:
|
UJ012RS
|
|
Reflector height / type:
|
1.6000 m / Leica Mini Prism
|
|
Coordinates:
|
|
Easting:
|
94431.1725 m
|
|
Northing:
|
2898290.7992 m
|
|
Height:
|
990.7532 m
|
Dostları ilə paylaş: |
