Study guide for the final exam

STUDY GUIDE FOR THE FINAL EXAM
Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Biology is the study of

a.	minerals.	c.	the weather.
b.	life.	d.	energy.

____ 2. Which of the following is characteristic of all living things?

a.	reproduction	c.	cellular organization
b.	metabolism	d.	All of the above

____ 3. chemical reactions : metabolism ::

a.	cells : an organism	c.	reproduction : living
b.	heredity : homeostasis	d.	experimentation : observation

____ 4. Living things

a.	require energy to carry on life processes.
b.	have the ability to reproduce.
c.	are composed of cells.
d.	All of the above

____ 5. A group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring is called a

a.	species.	c.	mutation.
b.	gene.	d.	paramecium.

____ 6. All living organisms are composed of

a.	diatoms.	c.	cells.
b.	cellulose.	d.	None of the above

____ 7. Cell membranes

a.	are only found on a small number of cells.
b.	contain genes.
c.	are made of DNA.
d.	are thin coverings that surround cells.

____ 8. As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the following biological themes?

a.	interacting systems	c.	evolution
b.	stability	d.	scale and structure

____ 9. All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of

a.	growth.	c.	homeostasis.
b.	development.	d.	evolution.

____ 10. Homeostasis means

a.	a change over long periods of time.
b.	maintaining a stable internal environment.
c.	rapid change.
d.	the same thing as evolution.

____ 11. The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from

a.	homeostasis.	c.	water.
b.	food.	d.	heredity.

____ 12. The process by which organisms make more of their own kind is called

a.	heredity.	c.	genetics.
b.	mutation.	d.	reproduction.

____ 13. In what direction does energy flow?

a.	sun®plants®plant eater®meat eater	c.	plant eater®plants®sun®meat eater
b.	plants®sun®plant eater®meat eater	d.	sun®plants®meat eater®plant eater

____ 14. Children tend to resemble their parents due to

a.	metabolism.	c.	heredity.
b.	mutation.	d.	homeostasis.

____ 15. Scientists are using gene therapy to manage

a.	deforestation.	c.	cystic fibrosis.
b.	population growth.	d.	measles.

____ 16. A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was a(n)

a.	hypothesis.	c.	observation.
b.	theory.	d.	control.

____ 17. Acid rain

a.	has a low pH.	c.	may contain sulfuric acid.
b.	may fall in the form of snow.	d.	All of the above

____ 18. Scientists usually design experiments

a.	with a good idea of the expected experimental results.
b.	based on wild guesses.
c.	in order to develop new laboratory tools.
d.	All of the above

____ 19. frogs : acid rain ::

a.	wind : smoke	c.	theories : predictions
b.	salamanders : hot weather	d.	rain forests : fire

____ 20. A hypothesis is a

a.	definite answer to a given problem.
b.	testable possible explanation of an observation.
c.	proven statement.
d.	concluding statement.

____ 21. A hypothesis that is not supported by the data that has been collected and analyzed

a.	is known as an inaccurate forecast.	c.	is rejected.
b.	often predicts a different observation.	d.	None of the above

____ 22. The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to find the cause of malaria. Based on his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from person to person. This suggestion was a

a.	prediction.	c.	theory.
b.	hypothesis.	d.	scientific “truth.”

____ 23. observation : hypothesis ::

a.	theory : observation	c.	hypothesis : prediction
b.	guess : hypothesis	d.	certainty : investigation

____ 24. Dr. Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients. He thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This ideas was a

a.	prediction.	c.	theory.
b.	hypothesis.	d.	scientific “truth.”

____ 25. A scientific theory

a.	is absolutely certain.
b.	is unchangeable.
c.	may be revised as new evidence is presented.
d.	is a controlled experiment.

____ 26. The word theory used in a scientific sense means

a.	that of which the scientist is most certain.
b.	a guess made with very little knowledge to support it.
c.	an absolute scientific certainty.
d.	None of the above

____ 27. Atoms are composed of

a.	protons.	c.	electrons.
b.	neutrons.	d.	All of the above

____ 28. The electrons of an atom

a.	are found in the nucleus along with the protons.
b.	occupy the space surrounding the nucleus.
c.	have a positive charge.
d.	are attached to the positive charge of neutrons.

____ 29. A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n)

a.	nucleus.	c.	element.
b.	cell.	d.	molecule.

____ 30. All matter is composed of

a.	cells.	c.	atoms.
b.	molecules.	d.	carbon.

____ 31. Water is important to life because it

a.	surrounds all cells.
b.	is found inside cells.
c.	influences the shape of the cell membrane.
d.	All of the above

____ 32. Acidic solutions have a pH that is

a.	less than 7.	c.	a negative number.
b.	between 7 and 14.	d.	more than 7.

____ 33. Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule?

a.	carbohydrate	c.	lipid
b.	ice	d.	nucleic acid

____ 34. All organic compounds contain the element

a.	carbon.	c.	calcium.
b.	nitrogen.	d.	sodium.

____ 35. Which of the following organic molecules are classified as carbohydrates?

a.	amino acids	c.	nucleotides
b.	fatty acids	d.	sugars

____ 36. Polysaccharides are

a.	carbohydrates.	c.	proteins.
b.	lipids.	d.	unsaturated fats.

____ 37. Lipids are

a.	polar molecules.	c.	water soluble.
b.	similar to water molecules.	d.	nonpolar molecules.

____ 38. Which of the following organic molecules are most closely related to proteins?

a.	amino acids	c.	nucleotides
b.	fatty acids	d.	sugars

____ 39. Long chains of amino acids are found in

a.	carbohydrates.	c.	proteins.
b.	lipids.	d.	sugars.

____ 40. All of the following are examples of lipids except

a.	saturated fats.	c.	cholesterol.
b.	starch.	d.	earwax.

____ 41. Lipids are soluble in

a.	water.	c.	oil.
b.	salt water.	d.	All of the above

____ 42. Which organic molecules below are most closely related to lipids?

a.	amino acids	c.	nucleotides
b.	fatty acids	d.	sugars

____ 43. Which of the following organic molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids?

a.	amino acids	c.	nucleotides
b.	fatty acids	d.	sugars

____ 44. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

a.	DNA	c.	wax
b.	insulin	d.	sucrose

____ 45. Carbohydrates and lipids have many carbon-hydrogen bonds; therefore, they both

a.	store energy in these bonds.	c.	dissolve only in vinegar.
b.	are easily dissolved in water.	d.	exist only in cells of plants.