Subhamoy das (hod, Dept of Zoology)
Review of Research and Development in the Subject
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Significance of the study
- Details of Collaboration, if any intended: No 10. Financial Assistance required
- Total 4,79,000.00 Justification for Proposed Equipments
- Justification for Chemicals and Glassware
- Justification for Intensive Travel
- 11. Whether the teacher has received support for the research project from the UGC under Major, Minor, scheme of support for research or from any agency
- Name of Equipments Remarks
- 13. Any other information which the investigator may like to give in support of this proposal which may be helpful in evaluating.
- Important Technical Popular Speech
Review of Research and Development in the Subject:
Numerous studies have been done to assess the toxic effects of insects on animals including fish (Rudd and Genelly, 1956; Byrd, 1960; Mugachia et al., 1992); but information regardingthe toxic effects on haematological parameters of Colisha species is still lacking. Javed Iqbal (1994) reported that subleathal concentration of pesticide affect on GSI, fecundity, growth etc.
Blood represents an index of physiological disorder as it immediately responds to any change in surrounding environment or physiological stress. Various workers (Chauhan et al., 1994; Agarwal and Chaturvedi, 1995; Nath and Banerjee, 1996) have also reported a decrease in RBC count, haemoglobin and PCV of some fish species after their exposure to insecticides. The gills are the routes of entry for any toxicant in fishes from which it is transported to other parts of the body through circulating blood. Therefore alterations in the haematological parameters are considered to be a sensitive indicator for toxic insult and environmental pollution. It is commonly believed that the properties of blood are very sensitive to physiological and pathological changes in fish. The most common observation in the haematological picture of the fishes exposed to cypermethrin was marked loss of erythrocytes accompanied by loss of haemoglobin content in the peripheral blood with the progress of the exposure paradiagm. A decrease in total erythrocyte count (TEC) and Hb content were reported in H. fossilis (Nath and Banerjee, 1996) and in common carp (Svobodova et al., 2003) after their treatment with cypermethrin. Various workers (Saxena and Seth, 2002; Adhikari et al., 2004; Parma et al., 2007) also reported significant decrease in RBC and Hb content in different freshwater fishes after their exposure to cypermethrin. Some other workers (Pandey et al., 1976; Ranganathan and Rammurthi, 1979; Goel et al., 1982) reported the decrease in RBC count and Hb content in fishes after their exposure to various pesticides. Another study reported that due to high lipophilicity cypermethrin becomes adsorbed on the particulate matter in natural environment which reduces the bioavailability of this compound (Hill, 1989). Mortality of fishes by cypermethrin in natural environment was also reported by some workers (Shires, 1983; Edwards et al., 1987). In the present study cypermethrin was found to exhibit high toxicity to common fresh water fish H.fossilis under laboratory condition by causing a significant change in the haematology. From the present study it can be concluded that when fishes are exposed to the fourth generation pesticides like cypermethrin, they have various haematoxic effects which make the fishes less fit for survival. This in turn will affect the fecundity of the fish population and also other organisms including human beings through food chain. Reference: Rudd, R.E. and Genelly R.E. (1956). Pesticides – their use and toxicity in relation to wild life. California dept. fish game. Bull No. 7: 209. Byrd, I. (1960). Seminar on Biological problems in water pollution.U.S. Public Health service. 46-50. Mugachia, J.C; Konja, L. and Gitan, F. (1992). Organochloride pestisides residues in fish from lake Naivasha and Tana River, Kenya. Bull. Environ. Conta. Toxicol. 49 (2): 207-210. Iqbal, J. (1994). Effect of some commonly used pesticides on the Biology of Colisa fasciatus with special reference to fecundity and development. Thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Pakistan. Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chatterjee, A., Mahapatra, C. T. and Ayyappan, S. 2004. Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). J. Ectox. Environ. Saf. 58(2): 220–226. Agarwal, K. and L.D Chaturvedi (1995). Anomalies in blood corpuscles of Heteropneustes fossilis induced by alachlor and rogor. Adv. Bios., 14, 73-80 Al-Masri, M. S., Aba, A., Khalil, H. and Al-Hares, Z., (2002). Sedimentation rates and pollution history of a dried lake: Al-Oteibeh Lake. Sci. Total Env., 293 (1-3), 177-189. Chauhan, R.R.S., K.K. Saxena and S. Kumar(1994). Rogor induced haematological alterations in Cyprinus carpio .Adv. Bios.,13, 57-62. Chekrabarthy P, Benerjee V (1988). Effects of sublethal toxicity of three organophosphorus pesticide on the peripheral haemogram of the fish, (Channa punctatus). Environ. Ecol. 6: 151 – 158. Edwards, R., Millburn, P. and Hutson, D. H. 1987. Factors influencing the selective toxicity of cis-and trans-cypermethrin in Rainbow trout, Frog, Mouse and Quail. Biotransformation in Liver, Plasma, Brain and Intestine. J. Pestic. Sci. 21: 1-21. Goel, K. A., Tyagi, S. K. and Awasthi, A. K. 1982. Effect of malathion on some haematological values in Heteropneustes fossilis. J. Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 7: 259-261. Hill, I. R. 1989. Aquatic organisms and Pyrethroids. J. Pestic. Sci. 27: 429-465. Iwama GK, Greer GL, Larkin DA (1976). Changes in some haematological characteristics of coho salmon (Oncorhychus kisutch) in response to acute exposure to dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) at different exercise levels. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 285 – 289 Karbassi, R., Bayati, I., Moattar, F., (2006). Origin and chemical partioning of heavy metals in riverbed sediments. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 3(1): 35 – 42. Kori-Siakpere, O., J. E. G. Ake and E. Idoge(2005). Haematological characteristics of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (6), pp. 527-530. Nath R, Banerjee V (1996) Effect of pesticides methylparathion and cypermethrin on the air-breathing fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Environ Ecol 14: 163-165. Parma, M. J., Loteste, A., Campana, M. and Bacchetta, C. 2007. Changes of hematological parameters in Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae) exposed to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin. J. Environ. Biol. 28(1): 147-149. Pandey, B. N., Chanchal, A. K. and Singh, M. P. 1976. Effect of malathion on oxygen consumption and blood of Channa punctatus. J. Ind. J. Zoo. 16: 95-102. Ranganathan, P. and Rammurthi, R. 1979. Haematological studies in saretherodon (Tilapia mossambica peters) exposed to lethal (LC50) 48h. Concentration of sumithion and sevin. J. Cur. Sci. 48: 877-879. Seth, N. and K.K. Saxena, 2003. Haematological Responses in a Freshwater Fish Chanus punctatus due to fenvalerate. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 71: 1192-1199. Shires, W. S. 1983. The use of small enclosures to assess the toxic effect of cypermethrin on fish under field condition. J. Pestic. Sci. 14: 475-480. Svobodova, Z., V. Luskova, J. Drastichova, M. Svoboda and V. Zlabek, 2003. Effect of deltamethrin onb haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Acta Vet. Brno, 72: 79-85.
After completion of the proposed project will established a normal haematological profile of the Banded Gourami Colisa fasciata which is lacking and provide a basis for future comparative surveys. As the population of Colisa fasciata is declining so the haemoglobin profile and health status of this fish will helpful to create future conservation plans and monitoring programmes of this fish. iii. Objectives:
iv. Methodology: Fish will be collected from pond, ditch, lake and rice field etc. Blood will be sampled at the collection site by direct sampling from the heart with a hypodermic needle. To determine haematological values, the blood will kept in tubes containing EDTA as an anticoagulant and in an ice box. Specimens were dissected to determine sex and age of maturity. Haemoglobin concentration will be determined by Cyanomethaemoglobin method, total number of erythrocytes (RBC) and leucocytes (WBC) will be obtained in a Neubauer Haemocytometer. The proportion of the different types of leucocytes will be assessed on the basis of an examination of a total of 100 leucocytes under microscope. In order to estimate hemotocrit (or packed cell volume, PCV) blood samples will be centrifuged in a heaparinesed microcapillary tubes in a micro-hematocrit reader. The haematological indices: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin concentration (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) will be determined according to the equation proposed by Anderson and Klantz (1965). MCV (µm3) = Ht (%) × 10 Erythrocyte count (per/L) MCH (pg) = Hb (%) × 10 Erythrocyte count (per/L) MCHC (%) = Hb (g%) × 100 Ht All statistical analysis will be prepared by ‘Statistica’ software. v. Year-wise Plan of Work and Targets to be achieved:
No 10. Financial Assistance required:
Justification for Proposed Equipments: (a) Cyclomixer 10,000.00 (b) Magnetic stirrer 10,000.00 (c) Haemocytometer 6000.00 (d) Autopipette 20,000.00 (e) Centrifuge for haematocrit 20,000.00 (f) Orbital shaker 48,000.00 (g) -200C Freeze 30,000.00 Since the project works includes the study of haematocrit and hydrological parameters, all above mention instruments are very much essential for successfully completion of the proposed project.
Since the project involves the study of haematological parameter, highly expensive analytical grade chemicals, sophisticated glassware, burette, pipettes, measuring cylinders will be required. Hence the amounts mentioned above are indeed very essential. Justification for Intensive Travel: We have to move frequently all the habitat sites of Colisa. We will also have to travel for library consultation, for attending conference, seminars and symposium etc. Hence the amount mentioned above is justified. Justification for Contingencies: As Colisha sp is declining in natural habitat, therefore we have to find wild population in all probable habitat sites. So, one technical person (Casual worker on contractual basis) will share the load of such a laborious work. He will be paid from contingency money. The amount mentioned in the contingency head is therefore very much essential. Other cost i.e., computation work, typing, postage and petty repair of laboratory equipments will also require a good amount of money. The amount mentioned in the contingency may be therefore justified. 11. Whether the teacher has received support for the research project from the UGC under Major, Minor, scheme of support for research or from any agency? No
12. Institutional and Departmental facilities available for the proposed work: a. Equipment:
b. Other Infrastructural Facilities:
13. Any other information which the investigator may like to give in support of this proposal which may be helpful in evaluating. Since last two years I am working on the ‘Reproductive toxicity of Colisa fasciatus exposed in various environmental pollutants; so, I have sufficient knowledge about this species. MEMBERSHIP Library Member :
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