Sustainable surface transport

An extensive use of EGR has been made in a recent activity on a heavy duty throttled mixed fuel NG/diesel engine. The EGR system was designed and realised in Istituto Motori and installed on the engine to improve performance and emissions especially at part load.
The activities of the Istituto Motori will be carried out by:

Michele Gambino (senior researcher), at the Istituto Motori since 1978, is author of more than 100 scientific papers (published in the proceedings of national and international conferences and on national and international magazine) on following topics: alcohol fuels, gaseous fuels, spark ignition electronic control, two stroke engines, engine technologies. Since 1983 is promoter and responsible of various research program national and international on alternative fuels for transportation use and engine technologies. Since 2001 he was appointed Research Director.

Sabato Iannaccone is researcher and since the end of years 0 is mainly concerned with alternative fuels for spark ignition engines and has about 100 scientific papers. He has worked with gasoline/oxygenated blends for light duty high performance engines, LPG and NG for passenger cars and heavy duty engines, diesel engines and two stroke engines. He has also recently worked on diesel/NG mixed fuel engines developing a throttled catalysed with EGR prototype with lower emissions than the original diesel version.

Giuseppe Barese is an electronic technician with about 10 years experienced in electronic acquisition data system and electronic engine management.

Vincenzo Bonanno is a mechanical technician principally concerned with engine installation to test bench, and engine emissions measurement.

NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry12TU GRAZGraz University of TechnologyAT

Almost 200 years of research and teaching in society痴 service make Graz University of Technology one of Austria's most venerable scientific institutions. The University痴 success throughout its eventful history has been based upon the achievements of outstanding personalities in science, research and their application. As an important hub of the international technical and natural-scientific research and education network, it is our mission to responsibly contribute to the positive development of our society, economy and the environment.

The core objective of the Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics at the Graz University of Technology is to carry out innovative and internationally recognised teaching and research within the interrelated fields of energy, engine, transport and environment, and in particular to contribute in solving environmental problems.

The technical facilities at the Institute include: 10 engine test benches, a transient test bench for heavy duty engines, chassis dynamometers for trucks (38t, 350kW), passenger cars, and two wheelers, a friction test bench, a CVT test bench, an acoustic box, a mobile CVS system, mobile air quality monitoring station, remote air quality sensing systems, etc and several measurement systems for optical investigations on the in-cylinder processes.
Within SP A1 TU-GRAZ will be responsible for: Optical investigations on the mixing process with NG/H2-Blends; CFD-simulation of the mixing process with NG/H2-Blends; Optical investigations on the combustion process with NG/H2-Blends

The main goal of this tasks is to get a better understanding of the influence of blending natural gas with hydrogen on the combustion process itself. Therefore, the optical engine at TU Graz will be adapted for the operation with natural gas including the engine痴 layout, the mixture formation unit and the engine control unit. Optical access to the engine is provided by quartz glass windows allowing for investigations of the vertical and horizontal penetration of the flame during the combustion phase. The measurements will be carried out using laser-induced fluorescence to visualize the flame front propagation.

TU-GRAZ previous experiences within this filed are mainly related to the following Projects: HyICE (Optimization of a Hydrogen Powered Internal Combustion Engine): Investigations on high-pressure direct injection of hydrogen employing engine tests, optical measurement techniques and CFD-simulation; NICE (New internal combustion engines): Subcontract by AVL for CFD-simulation of natural gas direct injection; Magna MILA (CNG-powered prototype by Magna Steyr): Engineering of the CNG-internal combustion engine; Development of optical measurement techniques for the visualisation of CNG-combustion systems with direct injection: self-financed research into new visualisation methods for the visualisation of mixture formation and combustion with CNG; Cooperation with LEC (Large Engines Competence Center, in cooperation with GE Energy): Development of new combustion systems for stationary gas engines.
The TU-GRAZ team will be lead by Prof. Helmut Eichlseder (989 Doctorate Degree (PhD) at TU Graz; 1985 ｨC 1990 University Assistant at "Institute for IC engines and Thermodynamics" TU Graz; Sept. 1990 Development engineer in BMWｴs Diesel Development; Nov. 1991 Head of Department аredevelopment ｨC new technologies" in the Diesel development, BMW; 1993-1997 Head of Department "combustion development Diesel"; Sept. 1997 Head of Departments 鄭lternative Combustion Systemsand then Дirect Injection SI Combustion Systems" in Gasoline development, BMW; Apr. 2001 Univ.-Prof. for Internal Combustion Engines at TU Graz; Oct. 2002 Head of the Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, TU Graz) and will involved : Christian Skalla: graduated 12/2006 at TU Graz; PhD student, expert in combustion research on the engine test bed; Rainer Haslacher: graduated 06/2005 at TU Graz; PhD student, expert in laser-optical measurements techniques for internal combustion engines; Wolfram Kirchweger: graduated 01/2003 at TU Graz; PhD student, expert in laser-optical measurements on hydrogen combustion systems, PhD finished 04/2007;RenHeindl: graduated 10/2004 at TU Graz, PhD student; expert in CFD-simulation of mixture formation and combustion with gaseous fuels.

NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry13ECOCATEcocat OyFI

Ecocat Oy is the leading manufacturer of metallic substrate catalysts and has developed unique production processes for metallic substrates and the coating of active elements on them. During its history the company has introduced many visionary products and technologies. Ecocat Oy is engaged in the production of catalytic converters for passenger cars, heavy duty vehicles, motorcycles, small engines and industrial applications. The production process comprises all the manufacturing phases: production of wash coat and substrate, coating and canning. Development work is done in chemical and mechanical laboratories and in pilot plant located in Finland. Versatile and advanced engine laboratory forms a basis for authentication of products. Catalysts can be tested and treated according to all international standards. Main production plant is located in Finland. Other production plants are in Italy, India and USA. Local presence is realized by sales offices situated in Brazil, Czech, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom and USA.

Ecocat痴 turnover 2006 was 81 million euros from European, Asian and American customers. Ecocat has a wide global sales distributor network through its partners, agents and own sales offices. Ecocat employs 200 people, the major part of which is located in the company headquarters and main factory, Vihtavuori, Finland. The company has its chemical R&D department in Oulu, where it employs 30 people.

SP 1
Ecocat Oy is particularly interested in developing new optimised aftertreatment systems suitable also for future CNG engines. In collaborative development work package target is to develop the aftertreatment system with efficient enough performance (especially methane light-off) by both mechanical optimisation and chemical development.
The advanced products, processes and material technologies developed during this project will be applied in production activities. The following teams will be involved:

Research

Product Development

Product Management

The main role of Ecocat in the project will be:

to select and optimise aftertreatment technologies for new type of engines in terms of minimised emissions and cost effective technical solutions (SPA1)

to assess new catalyst coatings and to up-scale the process towards an industrial applications of advanced solutions developed by research institutes within SPA3
Ecocat has developed and supplied catalytic aftertreatment for CNG together with gasoline and diesel applications since 1990s.
Researchers from both chemical and mechanical development, R&D technicians and administrative personnel will be involved when needed. Main contributors will be: Product developmen manager Mr Ari Lievonen and his mech.dev organisation incl. engine laboratory Chemists Dr Kauko Kallinen, Mr Aslak Suopanki, Mrs Auli Savim臾i and Dr Andreina Moreno together with laboratory technicians. Dr Toni Kinnunen, as a CTO of the company is in charge on all the R&D activities and participate also this project.

NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry14CONTIContinental Automotive GmbHDE

Continental Automotive GmbH is a company of the Continental Corporation and a leading international supplier of automotive electronics and mechatronics. As a development partner

within the automobile industry, we manufacture a comprehensive spectrum of products relating to the drivetrain, engine management electronics and fuel injection that simultaneously improve engine performance and reduce emissions.

Driver comfort is enhanced and driving is made easier with information and car communication systems that include instrumentation, audio and navigation equipment, telematics

and multimedia applications, up to entire cockpit designs. Through the use of our products, such as airbags, ABS or access control systems, both chassis and carbody safety is

increased. An in-house sales department markets the products for retrofitting of passenger cars and trucks and focuses on fleet management, audio and navigation systems.

Sales: \ 10.0 billion *)

Investments: \ 669 million *)

Research & Development: \ 982 million *)

Employees: 53000 *)

*) Fiscal year 2005/2006 (Status: September 30, 2006)

CONTI will operate within SPA2 with the following activities:
A2.1.1: Guidelines and definition of ECU (electronic control unit) sub-system and the ECU layout.

A2.1.2: Guidelines and definition of interface between injection system, pressure regulator and ECU.

A2.3.3: Procurement of the basis ECUs, adapter, plugs, etc.

A2.3.4: Procurement of one vehicle and preparation for technology integration and for calibration and transient function development

A2.4.4: ECU function development for supporting the combustion investigation for emission reduction, CO2 minimization and performance optimization

A2.5.1: Optimization and validation of the ECU-functions for the transient response, especially at low engine speed

A2.5.2: Function development of the cylinder pressure guided ECU-algorithms and controls for improved combustion stability and engine performance

A2.5.3: Basis calibration of the ECU-functions

A2.5.4: Vehicle function testing for driveability and start and warm-up emissions

A2.6.1: Optimization of the driveability and support for the emission calibration

A2.6.2: Exhaust system related function development and calibration for emission optimization
CONTI is developer and manufacturer of engine management systems (EMS) and injection systems, including CNG bi-fuel applications (port injection, in production since 2004). Within the NICE project (6th EC Framework Program) an EMS for DI CNG engine was developed and used for investigations jointly with partners.
CONTI team will be led by Dietmar Ellmer: System developer and project leader, more than 10 years of experience in EMS hardware and software, function and controls development for gasoline port injection, direct injection, CNG applications, well-experienced in combustion control and system optimization. The team will involve also: Erwin Bauer: System developer, focus on component integration and vehicle application, worked on numerous technologies since more than 10 years; Markus Stutika: System developer inter alia with focus on algorithm development for embedded systems, application tool expert, well experienced in cross linking of diverse sub-systems and CNG-applications.
NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry15SIEMENSSiemens AktiengesellschaftDE

Siemens ｨC Global network of innovation . Siemens, headquartered in Berlin and Munich, is one of the world痴 largest electrical engineering and electronics companies and holds leading market positions in all its business areas.

In fiscal 2006 (ended September 30), the company employed approximately 475,000 people and posted sales of \87.325 billion from continuing operations. Net income for the year totaled \3.033 billion. Siemens generates more than 80 percent of its sales outside Germany.

Siemens has a strong international presence, with operations in over 190 countries and manufacturing facilities at about 290 locations worldwide.

The company's business portfolio is focused on six key areas: Information and Communications, Automation and Control, Power, Transportation, Medical and Lighting. Global business operations at Siemens are the responsibility of 13 Groups, including Siemens Financial Services and Siemens Real Estate.

In addition, Siemens is also a partner in joint ventures ｨC with Bosch in the household appliances sector (BSH Bosch-Siemens Hausger舩e) and with Fujitsu in computer systems (Fujitsu Siemens Computers).

Innovation is a top priority for a world-class electrical engineering and electronics company. In fiscal 2006, Siemens invested \5.7 billion in research and development, including customer-specific activities to stay at the forefront of technological progress. Last fiscal year, Siemens researchers and developers turned out around 10,400 inventions ｨC a 17% increase ｨC and applied for patents for about 6,200 of them. The company is the largest patent applicant in Germany, in second place in Europe and among the top ten in the United States.

Most of Siemensapproximately 49,000 researchers and developers are working on software projects, making the company one of the world痴 largest software houses. Siemens continues to concentrate on expanding the range of services, solutions and systems that complement its product portfolio.

With over 800,000 shareholders from over 100 countries, Siemens is one of the world痴 largest public corporations. About 55 percent of the company痴 share capital is held outside Germany. Since March 2001, Siemens shares have also been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
Siemens will be involved within SPA2 performing the following activities:
WP A2.1: Definition of injection system and interface to engine

WP A2.2: Development of Injection System (with analysis and improvement steps)

WP A2.3: Building up of Injection Systems

Siemens AG is a developer and supplier for gas injection systems. Within the NICE project (6th EC Framework Programme) a DI CNG Injection System was developed and investigated jointly with partners.

Siemens Team will involve:

Gerit Ebelsberger: Design engineer, 6 years of experience in design of DI-injection for high performance gasoline and gas applications.

Christian Tump: Electronics engineer, 10 years experience in layout and design of electronic controls and power electronics, mostly related to injection systems.

Erhard Magori: PhD in engineering sciences, 5 years of experience in development of Injection systems for gasoline and gas.

Georg Bachmaier: Electronic engineer with background in mechanics, 10 years experience in layout and design of electronics and 5years experience in development of Injection systems for gasoline and gas.
NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry16PTPolitecnico di TorinoIT

The Politecnico di Torino (PT) is a top-level university dedicated to education, scientific and technological research in engineering and architecture fields. It was founded in 1859 as "Regia Scuola di Applicazione per Ingegneri" and took the present name of "Politecnico di Torino" in 1906 when the "Regia Scuola di Applicazione per Ingegneri" and the "Regio Museo Industriale" (founded in 1862) were merged. The PT is organized into 18 Departments, which are responsible for research work and provide the resources for the educational programmes leading to graduate and PhD degrees. The PT has about 850 lecturers and researchers, 760 administrative and technical staff members, and provides services for about 25000 students.

The Dipartimento di Energetica (DENER), i.e., Energetics Department, is composed of 90 members, including professors, researchers and laboratory technicians. Research activities in this division concern the basic aspects of energetics (fluid dynamics, heat transfer and thermodynamics) and energy systems such as: combustors, internal combustion engines, turbomachines and power plants.
Politecnico di Torino (PT) will be responsible for the following activities within the SPA2

WP A2.2: INJECTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Task A2.2.1: Analysis of the requirements of combustion for injection system based on the NICE-injector

Task A2.2.2: Development of a new injector concept and optimized nozzle layout

WP A2.4: COMBUSTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Task A2.4.2: Analysis of mixture formation

The Research Unit (RU) of DENER-PT involved in the INGAS Project comprises 10 participants, taking academic staff, researchers and technicians into account.

The team is a member of the 選nternal Combustion EnginesAdvanced Laboratory (ICEAL) that has recently been established by Prof. Andrea Emilio Catania who is currently its Scientific Responsible

Main Researchers:

Andrea Emilio CATANIA: Professor of Thermal and Hydraulic Machines; Scientific Responsible of IC Engines Advanced Laboratory; Coordinator of Postgraduate Master in Innovative Diesel Engines; more than 20 years of experience in diesel and gasoline engine intake, injection and combustion systems; more than 5 years of experience, in CNG engine injection, mixture formation and combustion processes.

Antonio MITTICA: Professor of Thermal and Hydraulic Machines; 15 years of experience in diesel and gasoline engine flow, injection and combustion systems; more than 5 years of experience in CNG engine injection and combustion systems.

Ezio SPESSA: PhD in Energetics; Associate Professor of Thermal and Hydraulic Machines; 12 years of experience in IC engine fluid-dynamics, combustion and exhaust emissions, both experimental and theoretical-numerical.

Mirko BARATTA: PhD in Energetics; Post-Doctorate Fellow; 6 years of experience in CFD 3D codes, both homemade and of commercial type, for simulation and prediction of engine flow, turbulence and combustion in IC engines (diesel, gasoline and CNG).

Alessandro FERRARI: PhD in Energetics; Post-Doctorate Fellow; 6 years of experience in 1D and 3D modelling, experimental analysis and development of diesel fuel

injection systems; more recent experience in 1D and 3D numerical simulation of flows in CNG injection systems.
NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry17CHALMERSChalmers Tekniska Hskola ABSV

Chalmers, which was founded in 1829 following a donation by William Chalmers, became an independent foundation on July 1, 1994. Around 10,200 people work and study at Chalmers, including more than 8,000 undergraduates. Chalmers' turnover is approximately SEK 2.1 billion per year, more than two-thirds of which is related to research. Chalmers is involved in approximately 150 industrial and educational projects within the EU.

The Competence Centre for Catalysis (KCK) at Chalmers is a multidisciplinary research organisation working in collaboration with industry. The vision is to create a better environment with catalytic techniques. The center is lead by the director professor Magnus Skoglundh and comprises 11 senior researchers and 15 postdocs Ph.D. students. The centre is financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, Chalmers University of Technology and the member companies: AB Volvo, Scania CV AB, Volvo Car Corporation AB, GM Powertrain Sweden AB, The Swedish Space Agency and Haldor Tops A/S. At Chalmers the Chemical Physics group, the Chemical Reaction Engineering group and the Applied Surface Chemistry group take part in the Centre. The research is focused on catalysis for emission control and catalysis for sustainable energy systems.
Chalmers will perform within SPA3 detailed investigations of catalytic lean aftertreatment of NOx and methane.
The Competence Centre for Catalysis started in 1996. The research in KCK is organised in three main programs. In the first program methods for reduction of nitrogen oxides in excess oxygen are developed. This is essential to improve the fuel economy for petrol-fuelled vehicles and to clean exhausts from diesel-fuelled vehicles. In the second program oxidation of e.g. hydrocarbons and particulate matter is studied. The third program aim towards catalytic techniques for sustainable energy systems. Except for the projects financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, Chalmers and the member companies, KCK runs a number of projects with finical support from EU (presently GREEN, AUTOBRANE and PAGODE), the Swedish Research Council and other governmental institutions or from the industry.
The Chalmers team will be led by Professor Magnus Skoglundh: graduated in chemical engineering (1989) and PhD in Engineering Chemistry (1995) at Chalmers. He worked with project leading at KCK as assistant professor (-1999), as associate professor (-2004) and as deputy director for KCK (2002-2005). Since 2004 he is professor at the department of Chemical and Biological Engineering -Applied Surface Chemistry at Chalmers and director for KCK (-2005). The research comprises studies on new catalytic materials for environmental applications (mainly lean NOx reduction, low-temperature oxidation and chemical gas sensors) with main focus on mechanistic studies and the connection between catalytic properties and material structure.

NumberShort NameLegal NameCountry18HTHaldor Tops A/SDA

Haldor Tops A/S is a privately owned enterprise specialised in production of catalysts and design of factories based on catalytic processes, especially for the chemical and petrochemical industries, the energy and environmental sector and refineries. The annual turnover is approx. 3 billion DKK, of which approx. 95% stems from export. Approx. 1600 employees work at the headquarters and R&D laboratories in Lyngby (DK), subsidiaries in Houston, Moscow, New Delhi, Beijing and Tokyo as well as production facilities in Frederikssund (DK) and Houston.
In the Environmental Department of the Research and Development Division 30 engineers and technicians are working on development and

optimisation of heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic processes for the cleaning of exhaust gases from power plants, the chemical industry and diesel vehicles.

Haldor Tops A/S will be involved within SPA3 performing the following activities:
WP A3: Catalytic NOx removal from lean burn CNG engine (Üハ> 1).

Task 3.2.2: Modelling, design and rig testing of the aftertreatment system (GMPT-S, HT, CHALMERS)

- Prepare and test catalyst formulations for CH4 conversion in combination with NOx removal in a lean environment.

- NOx aftertreatment by lean NOx trap or SCR technology

- Investigation of CH4 conversion by reforming
Haldor Tops A/S has a long and strong background in heterogeneous catalysis, in development, process and plant design, process licensing and catalyst manufacture.