|
Note
|
Bulgaria
(WEF 1999)
|
Bulgaria
(WEF 2000)
|
Czech Republic
|
Germany
|
Greece
|
Hungary
|
Poland
|
Russian Federation
|
Slovak Republic
|
Turkey
|
Ukraine
|
Tertiary education
|
rank
|
22
|
21
|
39
|
17
|
16
|
37
|
36
|
20
|
38
|
43
|
22
|
Tertiary education enrollment indicator.
|
1999 UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1997)
|
|
41
|
22
|
47
|
47
|
24
|
25
|
45
|
22
|
21
|
41
|
Math and Science Education
|
rank
|
32
|
26
|
9
|
21
|
36
|
2
|
40
|
14
|
12
|
17
|
19
|
The school system in your country excels in math and basic science education.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
4.73
|
4.9
|
5.5
|
5
|
4.4
|
5.9
|
4.4
|
5.2
|
5.3
|
5.2
|
5.1
|
Scientific research institutions
|
rank
|
35
|
34
|
35
|
7
|
42
|
26
|
33
|
18
|
30
|
38
|
28
|
Scientific research institutions are truly world class.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
4.15
|
3.7
|
3.7
|
5.8
|
3.4
|
4.4
|
3.8
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
3.6
|
4.2
|
R&D spending
|
rank
|
|
39
|
24
|
7
|
41
|
36
|
32
|
30
|
27
|
42
|
25
|
R&D spending in GNP
|
% (UNESCO 1999 - last available year)
|
|
0.57
|
1.2
|
2.41
|
0.47
|
0.68
|
0.77
|
0.88
|
1.05
|
0.45
|
1.19
|
Research collaboration
|
rank
|
55
|
43
|
27
|
8
|
45
|
27
|
44
|
52
|
40
|
20
|
58
|
In its R&D activity company collaborate closely with local universities.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
0
|
3.4
|
5
|
4.6
|
3.4
|
3.8
|
4.5
|
3.9
|
4.5
|
4.2
|
2.9
|
Private sector spending on R&D
|
rank
|
55
|
47
|
54
|
5
|
43
|
27
|
35
|
22
|
23
|
38
|
58
|
Companies in country spend heavily on R&D relative to international peers
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
2.38
|
2.5
|
2.3
|
5.3
|
2.6
|
3
|
2.8
|
3.4
|
3.4
|
2.8
|
2.1
|
Necessity of research by firms
|
rank
|
-
|
50
|
55
|
3
|
48
|
45
|
57
|
40
|
41
|
54
|
51
|
It is important for company to do its own R&D.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
-
|
3.7
|
4
|
2.3
|
3.7
|
3.6
|
4
|
3.5
|
3.5
|
3.9
|
3.7
|
Licensing of technology
|
rank
|
56
|
54
|
27
|
22
|
36
|
25
|
44
|
52
|
40
|
3
|
58
|
Licensing of foreign technology is a common means to acquire new technology.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
3.35
|
3.3
|
5
|
5.1
|
4.8
|
5
|
4.5
|
3.9
|
4.5
|
5.7
|
2.9
|
Intellectual property
|
rank
|
54
|
54
|
38
|
7
|
37
|
30
|
47
|
56
|
34
|
33
|
59
|
Intellectual property in country is well protected.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
3.09
|
3.1
|
4
|
6.1
|
4.1
|
4.5
|
3.7
|
2.8
|
4.3
|
4.3
|
2.5
|
Technology sophistication
|
rank
|
57
|
55
|
35
|
6
|
46
|
33
|
45
|
37
|
32
|
30
|
51
|
Your country's position in technology ranks among the world leaders.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
2.4
|
2.5
|
3.7
|
6.2
|
3.2
|
3.8
|
3.3
|
3.6
|
3.9
|
4.2
|
2.8
|
Brain drain
|
rank
|
-
|
59
|
22
|
4
|
39
|
37
|
28
|
44
|
46
|
32
|
51
|
Talented people remain in the country.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
-
|
2.1
|
4.3
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
3.6
|
4.1
|
3.2
|
3.1
|
4
|
2.7
|
|
Note
|
Bulgaria
(WEF 1999)
|
Bulgaria
(WEF 2000)
|
Czech Republic
|
Germany
|
Greece
|
Hungary
|
Poland
|
Russian Federation
|
Slovak Republic
|
Turkey
|
Ukraine
|
Internet hosts
|
rank
|
38
|
39
|
25
|
18
|
29
|
23
|
33
|
38
|
30
|
42
|
45
|
Internet hosts number
|
number per m population (1998)
|
822
|
1152
|
8413
|
17686
|
4737
|
9500
|
3371
|
1242
|
4103
|
751
|
392
|
Internet access
|
rank
|
-
|
54
|
48
|
15
|
38
|
42
|
51
|
53
|
35
|
24
|
58
|
Internet access is fast and inexpensive.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
-
|
3.7
|
4.2
|
5.9
|
4.6
|
4.2
|
3.9
|
3.7
|
4.8
|
5.4
|
3.2
|
E-mail
|
rank
|
54
|
55
|
16
|
21
|
51
|
40
|
54
|
56
|
53
|
22
|
59
|
Does your company use e-mail?
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
4.95
|
5.48
|
6.9
|
6.8
|
6.3
|
6.5
|
5.5
|
4.9
|
5.8
|
6.8
|
3.6
|
Internet for information
|
rank
|
55
|
56
|
9
|
16
|
32
|
42
|
29
|
57
|
54
|
20
|
58
|
Share of companies that use Internet for general information.
|
%
|
72.37
|
83.9
|
100
|
100
|
98.2
|
97
|
98.5
|
83.9
|
87.1
|
100
|
83.9
|
Internet for supplier relations
|
rank
|
58
|
56
|
29
|
12
|
50
|
54
|
30
|
44
|
13
|
40
|
58
|
Share of companies that use Internet for supplier relations.
|
%
|
33.33
|
47.1
|
68.4
|
75.9
|
54.9
|
49.4
|
67.3
|
59.6
|
75
|
61.8
|
43.1
|
Internet for customer service
|
rank
|
57
|
57
|
20
|
10
|
48
|
55
|
40
|
59
|
21
|
44
|
58
|
Share of companies that use Internet for customer service.
|
%
|
33.33
|
37.1
|
81
|
84.1
|
63
|
45.7
|
70.7
|
33.3
|
80
|
67.6
|
35.7
|
E-commerce
|
rank
|
57
|
58
|
31
|
5
|
54
|
53
|
15
|
55
|
9
|
42
|
48
|
Share of companies that use Internet for E-commerce.
|
%
|
14.5
|
12.8
|
45
|
67.5
|
24.4
|
24.7
|
55.3
|
22.5
|
62.3
|
39.4
|
31.5
|
Telephone density
|
rank
|
29
|
31
|
29
|
11
|
17
|
30
|
34
|
39
|
32
|
33
|
40
|
Number of main telephone lines.
|
per 100 persons (1998)
|
|
32.89
|
36.38
|
56.68
|
52.22
|
33.58
|
22.76
|
19.65
|
28.62
|
25.41
|
19.06
|
Satisfied demand by phone lines
|
rank
|
51
|
47
|
38
|
23
|
31
|
34
|
49
|
51
|
43
|
36
|
53
|
Satisfied demand for telephone lines.
|
waitlist (1998)
|
|
86.83
|
96.37
|
100
|
99.44
|
97.71
|
83.03
|
80.3
|
89.81
|
97.34
|
78.4
|
Cellular telephone density
|
rank
|
46
|
50
|
31
|
28
|
23
|
29
|
39
|
53
|
33
|
37
|
56
|
Cellular telephones number.
|
per 100 inhabitants(1998)
|
0.84
|
1.43
|
9.39
|
16.99
|
19.53
|
10.6
|
4.98
|
0.51
|
8.65
|
5.39
|
0.26
|
Cellular telephones
|
rank
|
59
|
57
|
43
|
31
|
38
|
33
|
48
|
56
|
51
|
25
|
59
|
Cellular telephones are widely used.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
3.9
|
4.2
|
6
|
6.4
|
6.2
|
6.3
|
5.7
|
4.3
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
3.8
|
Telephone service
|
rank
|
55
|
58
|
44
|
8
|
35
|
34
|
51
|
54
|
40
|
30
|
57
|
Telephone lines have capacity and are highly reliable.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
4.26
|
2.92
|
4.9
|
6.7
|
5.3
|
5.3
|
4.1
|
3.7
|
5
|
5.7
|
3.1
|
International telephone service
|
rank
|
58
|
57
|
44
|
17
|
28
|
46
|
49
|
47
|
35
|
24
|
54
|
Direct dial international phone service is among the worlds least expensive.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
2.48
|
2.5
|
4
|
5.3
|
4.5
|
3.9
|
3.7
|
3.9
|
4.3
|
4.8
|
3.2
|
|
|
Bulgaria
(WEF 1999)
|
Bulgaria
(WEF 2000)
|
Czech Republic
|
Germany
|
Greece
|
Hungary
|
Poland
|
Russian Federation
|
Slovak Republic
|
Turkey
|
Ukraine
|
Railroad Indicator
|
rank
|
24
|
25
|
3
|
1
|
34
|
11
|
2
|
22
|
17
|
32
|
13
|
Railroad indicator.
|
positive number means a high value of railroad kilometers per land area
|
|
0.42
|
1.45
|
2.2
|
-0.21
|
1.11
|
1.47
|
0.56
|
0.82
|
-0.01
|
0.99
|
Cost of air travel
|
rank
|
23
|
30
|
43
|
41
|
28
|
31
|
46
|
13
|
34
|
42
|
n/a
|
Cost per kilometer of travel between two main domestic cities.
|
US$
|
|
0.376
|
0.647
|
0.588
|
0.369
|
0.4
|
0.843
|
0.242
|
0.409
|
0.625
|
n/a
|
Railroads
|
rank
|
33
|
34
|
26
|
4
|
45
|
38
|
35
|
18
|
27
|
43
|
29
|
Railroad is highly developed.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
3.43
|
3.33
|
3.9
|
6.2
|
2.5
|
2.8
|
3.4
|
4.8
|
3.8
|
2.6
|
3.7
|
Road Indicator
|
rank
|
42
|
44
|
23
|
6
|
19
|
9
|
10
|
45
|
27
|
18
|
31
|
Road indicator.
|
positive number means a high value of road kilometers per land area
|
|
-0.49
|
0.16
|
1.64
|
0.57
|
1.26
|
1.17
|
-0.53
|
0.09
|
0.58
|
-0.03
|
Ports
|
rank
|
39
|
45
|
40
|
5
|
28
|
57
|
48
|
43
|
44
|
31
|
42
|
Port facilities and inland waterways are extensive and efficient.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
3.66
|
3.6
|
3.9
|
6.3
|
4.6
|
2.7
|
3.4
|
3.7
|
3.6
|
4.3
|
3.8
|
Roads
|
rank
|
50
|
54
|
33
|
4
|
42
|
45
|
50
|
57
|
36
|
32
|
58
|
Roads are extensive and well maintenanced.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
2.45
|
2.2
|
4.1
|
6.2
|
3.4
|
2.9
|
2.3
|
2.1
|
3.9
|
4.1
|
1.8
|
Air transport
|
rank
|
56
|
57
|
34
|
6
|
41
|
50
|
58
|
53
|
59
|
22
|
46
|
Air transport is extensive and efficient.
|
1= strongly disagree
7 = strongly agree
|
3.14
|
3.4
|
5
|
6.3
|
4.5
|
3.8
|
3.4
|
3.7
|
2.7
|
5.8
|
4
|
Ranking is based on the competitiveness indicator and it is equal to the position of the country in a list of 59 countries sorted in descending order so that 1 = the best and 59 = the worst.
