SEMESTER 4
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B208: Master Thesis (6 months)
Total number of credits: 12 ECTS
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P201: Nanophotonics
Main professor: Dr. Eric Cassan (University of Paris 11, Orsay)
Dr. Eric Cassan
http://silicon-photonics.ief.u-psud.fr/?page_id=5
Objectives: The objective of this module is to train students in the fields of nanophotonics and its applications in biology through a description of the properties of light-matter interaction in structured environments across the length of wave optics, optical properties of biological media, methods of characterization, microscopic imaging and marking within biophotonics.
Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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This teaching is structured in two parts.
The first part deals with fundamental aspects of light-matter interaction in structured environments scale of the optical wavelength that allows control of a relevant number of properties of light.
The second part deals with the use of optics for applications to biology, through the description of the optical response of the biological and methodologies own characterization, tagging and microscopy.
Nanophotonics:
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statistical properties of light waves
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guiding, photonic circuits
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structured environments: Photonic crystals (guiding, confinement of photons scattering properties)
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plasmonics and Metamaterials
Optical molecular nanobiophotonics:
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nonlinear Optics in molecular environments
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microscopy and imaging
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nano-tagging
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optical clamp
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introduction to the microfluidics
Work practice: “Electromagnetic simulation for photonics”
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15h
12h
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3h
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Prerequisites'>Prerequisites: Physical optics (end of bachelor), electromagnetism (end of bachelor)
Evaluation: Examination
Total number of hours: 22.5h (3 ECTS)
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P204: Physics of the electronic devices
Main professor: Dr. Stéphane Vignoli (University of Lyon 1)
Dr. Stephane Vignoli
http://ilm.univ-lyon1.fr/index.php?option=com_mipersonal&task=2&qui=81
Objectives: The aim of this course is to study the physics of the main electronic devices (bipolar and unipoar) in their static and dynamic behavior as well as the impact of reduced scale for VLSI devices.
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Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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17
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5.5
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Introduction : Main results on energy band diagrams and transport properties of semiconductors
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PN junction and bipolar transistor
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Metal/semiconductor contacts
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Metal/Oxyde/Semiconductor (MOS) capacitors
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Field Effect Transistors (JFET and MOSFET)
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Heterojunctions and associated devices (HEMT, optoelecronic devices)
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Scaling effects in MOSFET
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2
3
2
2
3
3
2
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3
2.5
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Prerequisites: P103
Evaluation: Examination
Total number of hours: 22.5 h (3ECTS)
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P205: Numerical simulations of materials
Main professor: Dr. Florent Calvayrac (University of Maine, LeMans)
Dr. Florent Calvayrac
Objectives: The aim of this course is to present in general numerical methods in physics and chemistry, from ab-initio to phenomenological modelling, and some applications to the computation of properties of materials. Practical examples are given, and the limits of various methods are discussed. Theoretical developments are kept simplified and a historical approach is used.
Introduction: non-integrable physical equations and the necessity of numerical approximations as intermediate in between theory and experiment. Problems of numerical modelling: choice of equations, accuracy and stability problems, computational cost; example of finite differences to solve partial differential equations.
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Structure of common materials as a function of the nature of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent and metallic systems. Phenomenological approaches to the structure of materials: molecular dynamics, molecular mechanics, solvent effects, periodic boundaries conditions, thermostats and barostats. Examples with GROMACS software
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Ab-initio approaches to the structure of molecules: Hartree-Fock theory, Gaussians, example of GAMESS software
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Ab-initio approaches to the structure of crystals: Density Functional theory, plane waves, examples of WIEN2K and Quantum Espresso software. Modern extensions of DFT (LDA+U, noncollinear magnetism)
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Some phenomenological ways to compute properties of materials: Ising and Heisenberg models in magnetism, Monte- Carlo/Metropolis simulated annealing, examples of phase transitions
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Extensions: optical properties of materials from time-dependent DFT, transport properties, multiscale modelling and link to continuum problems (finite elements, fluid mechanics)
Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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Introduction
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2
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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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2
2
2
2
2
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2
2
2
2
2
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Prerequisites: Basic physics and chemistry, Analytical mechanics, quite advanced quantum mechanics, statistical physics, atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, magnetism, physical optics, some initiation to the properties of materials, some basic chemistry, some basic biophysics and biochemistry.
Evaluation: Quiz + Practical problem solving on an example
Total number of hours: 11.25h (1.5 ECTS)
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P206: Quantum Optoelectronic and Photonic devices
Main professor: Dr. Thierry Amand (Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse)
Dr. Thierry Amand
http://lpcno.insa-toulouse.fr/spip.php?article36
Objectives: This course aims to provide knowledge of the physical mechanisms involved in semiconductor optoelectronic devices (LEDS, diode lasers, photodetectors…). We will also discuss in details the operation of the devices and performance evaluation: factors of merit, outputs, limitation in frequency…
Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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Introduction: State of the art of the industrial market (Optical telecommunication, lighting, etc.), quantum devices, future devices
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I - Operation principles of semiconductor light sources
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Band structure (revision)
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Reminder of linear optics
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Statistics and occupation functions (revision): vertical optical transitions, calculation of transition rates, absorption and Gain coefficient
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Semiconductor laser cavity
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LEDs and diodes laser technology: LEDs, Double Heterostructure (DH) Laser, oscillation threshold of lasers
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Spatial Characteristics of the laser beam Temperature sensitivity
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Spectral characteristics (DFB Laser…)
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Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)
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2D semiconductor – light interaction Optical transition calculation
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Optical gain in quantum wells (comparison with bulk) Quantum well laser threshold
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Introduction to band structure engineering (strain/quantum confinement…) for optimization of laser devices
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III - New trends: Quantum cascade lasers, quantum dot lasers…
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IV - Semiconductor photodetectors
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Photodiode P-N, P-i-N, avalanche and quantum wells Photoconductors, phototransistors
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Frequency response Noise, detectivity
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20
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2.5
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Prerequisites: Fundamentals of physics
Evaluation: Written examination
Total number of hours: 22.5h (3 ECTS)
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P207: MEMS-NEMS
Main professor: Dr. Louis Renaud (University of Lyon 1)
Dr. Louis Renaud
Objectives: The aim of this course is to present the MEMS and NEMS fundamentals, technologies and applications. A part is dedicated to microfluidics.
Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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MEMS-NEMS
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MEMS origins, market and current trends. Why MEMS technology?
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Silicon based MEMS
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Sensing and actuation principles. MEMS applications.
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MEMS Fabrication techniques and processes.
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MEMS design, simulation (Finite Element Analysis) and characterization.
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Scaling Laws in the Micro and Nano domains. New phenomena.
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Problem of Sensing at the nanoscale.
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Microfluidics
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What append for fluids when the size is reduced?
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Microfluidics technologies
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Electrokinetics (electroosmotic and electrophoresis)
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Two-phase flows
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Examples of Lab-On-Chips
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10
5
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5
2.5
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Evaluation: Written examination
Total number of hours: 22.5h (3 ECTS)
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P208: Ultra-short fenomena / Optacoustic
Main professor: Dr. Vitali Goussev (University of Maine, LeMans)
http://perso.univ-lemans.fr/~vgoussev/
Total number of hours: 11.25h (1.5 ECTS)
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P209: Mechanical Properties
Main professor: Dr. Philippe Poncharal (University of Lyon 1)
Dr. Philippe Poncharal
http://ilm.univ-lyon1.fr/index.php?option=com_mipersonal&task=2&qui=95
Objectives: The aim of this course is to present mechanical properties of nanosystems.
Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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Mechanical properties of materials
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6
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2.5
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Mechanical properties of individual nanoobject
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5
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2
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Mechanical properties of assembled nanomaterials and nanocomposite
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5
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2
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Prerequisites: Classical mechanics (Young modulus, etc.) Basic knowledge in crystallography
Evaluation: Written examination
Total number of hours: 22.5h (3 ECTS)
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C201: Nanostructured Polymers: Synthesis and Elaboration
Main professor: Dr. Laurent Fontaine (University of Maine, LeMans)
Dr. Laurent Fontaine
http://immm.univ-lemans.fr/en/index.html
Objectives: The aim of this course is to present different useful methods currently employed for designing and preparation of various macromolecular architectures which can give rise to nanostructuration (block and graft copolymers)
Outline (with number of hours per part)
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Lect
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PSS
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LW
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Introduction - General considerations about polymerization reactions: polycondensation and chain polymerization
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Living and controlled polymerization techniques: general principles
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Anionic living polymerization and Group transfer polymerization
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Controlled radical polymerization (NMP, ATRP, RAFT)
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Cationic and pseudo-living cationic polymerization
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization and metathesis reactions in polymer chemistry
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Macromolecular engineering: strategies and methods for the synthesis of nanostructured polymers (functional polymers, block and graft copolymers, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers).
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Nanostructured polymers - case studies: block and graft copolymers.
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15
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7.5
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