Table of contents monday, September 9, 1: 30pm-4: 00pm modular Multi-Level Converters, hvdc, and dc grids I 3
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Poster Session: Energy Efficiency Systems and Applications
- Poster Session: Emerging Technologies and Applications
- Wednesday, September 21, 8:30AM-10:10AM Photovoltaic Converters II
- Converter Applications for Alternative Energy Systems
| P5102 Characterization of Power Capacitors on Practical Current Condition Using Capacitor Loss Analyzer [#359]
Hironori Nagasaki, Pin-Yu Huang and Toshihisa Shimizu, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Taiwan In this study, the characteristics of capacitor are measured by using the function of B-H analyzer. In contrast to impedance analyzer measurement, the B-H analyzer can be used to measure capacitor characteristics under high current amplitude condition that approaches the practical current condition. In addition, the rectangular current waveform of a capacitor can also be measured under variable frequency and current conditions. Furthermore, loss evaluation of capacitor can be calculated through loss map method. The characteristics of three different dielectric capacitors-electrolytic, ceramic, and film-measured with sinusoidal and rectangular current waveforms, respectively, and discussed. P5103 A Practical Liquid-Cooling Design Method for Magnetic Components of EMI Filter in High Power Motor Drives [#176]
This paper focuses on the liquid-cooling method of power inductors in electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters for high power motor drive application. A literature study on magnetic cooling methods with encapsulation, potting and liquid-cooled cold plate is carried out. An empirical evaluation method for potting effectiveness is proposed and validated with prototype encapsulation and example potting materials. One simplified experiment-based thermal modeling method for inductors is also developed with the purpose of avoiding time-consuming finite element simulation. Based on the potting evaluation method and simplified thermal modeling, one comprehensive design procedure is summarized. P5104 Efficiency Modeling of Wireless Power Transfer ASICs Accounting for Layout Parasitics [#387]
This paper presents a power-loss model for Lateral-Diffused MOSFETs (LDMOSs) in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) in the field of wireless power-transfer system applications. Both the transmitter and receiver power-stages integrated in their respective ASIC units were considered, and the total system efficiency was subsequently estimated. Layout parasitics pertaining to the primary and secondary integrated circuits (ICs) have been considered due to their impact on the total system efficiency, and a charge-sheet control model for the LDMOSs of the three power stages has been developed. Thermal effects induced by heating within the two ASICs were also included, as they exert a significant influence on the amount of both conduction and switching losses. Model results and experimental data are compared and show a satisfactory agreement. P5105 Direct Voltage Balancing for Series Connected IGBTs [#829]
Operating Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) in series is of interest due to its ability to extend the overall blocking voltages of existing DC circuits. Regulating the voltage sharing for series connected IGBTs has been attempted in various ways. This paper presents an approach using the idea of Active Voltage Control (AVC) to improve upon the series voltage sharing performance previously achieved using AVC. The design considerations are discussed and experimentally attempted. The internal IGBT physics regarding this active voltage regulation is also discussed and the future work is suggested. Poster Session: Energy Efficiency Systems and Applications Tuesday, September 20, 3:00PM-4:30PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Pericle Zanchetta, Mohammad Anwar P5301 Mitigation of Harmonics in Drilling Rigs using Shunt Active Power Filters [#981] Muhammed Fasil Tp, Abdul R Beig, Rajasekharareddy Chilipi, Saikrishna Kanukollu, Naji Al Sayari and Khalifa Al Hosani, The Petroleum Institute, United Arab Emirates Harmonics and low power factor are major concerns in modern industry. Even though several solutions are available, mitigating these problems in already established heavy industries is still a challenge. On-shore oil rigs are one such case where the problem becomes unique because of the extreme operating conditions and limited space. This paper presents a case study of mitigating the harmonic problem in on-shore oil rigs operating in deserts. It is proposed to use multiple shunt active power filters. One or more shunt active filters may go out of operation but the drives continue to run without filters resulting in distortion of voltage. The active filters which are in operations should work under distorted voltage conditions. Operation of shunt active power filter under distorted voltages is demonstrated both through simulation and experiments. P5302 Variable Switching Frequency Algorithm for Optimal Tradeoff between Switching Losses and Total Demand Distortion in Grid-Tied Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverters [#879]
The switching frequency at which the inverter operates is an important parameter that significantly affects the operation of the inverter. In this paper, a new variable switching frequency algorithm is proposed in which the switching frequency is varied in response to the variation in the operating conditions. The proposed algorithm is based on multi-objective optimization problem formulation such that a weighted sum of the switching losses in the inverter and the Total Demand Distortion (TDD) in the inverter's output current is to be minimized. A behavioral model for the switching devices and a TDD model based on the time-domain ripple analysis are adopted. This made the formulation of the problem to be very clear and easy to be implemented in the digital controller. Therefore, the optimal switching frequency can be determined online. The proposed algorithm can increase the efficiency of the inverter without deteriorating the harmonic performance. Moreover, the lifetime of the inverter can be increased due to the narrower junction temperature profile that can be achieved by this algorithm when compared to the fixed switching frequency counterpart. The effect of the ambient temperature is taken into account and the switching frequency is varied accordingly. The algorithm is implemented on the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified experimentally P5303 A Hybrid Model Predictive Charging Control Strategy for Ultracapacitors of Urban Rail Vehicles [#524]
Ultracapacitors have been widely used in urban rail vehicles as the power source because of its high power density. However, it is still a challenge to design a rapid and reliable charging control system for ultracapacitors since the DC-DC converters are highly nonlinear along with hard constraints. In this paper, the piecewise-affine (PWA) model of the ultra-capacitor charging system and a hybrid model predictive control strategy are proposed to address this challenge. The hybrid nature of the converter is taken into account in v- resolution model which can reflect the dynamics of the charging system precisely. Based on the discrete-time model, we formulate and solve a constrained optimal control problem, and the control law is calculated offline using multi-parameter programming method. Simulation and experiment results validate the potential advantages of the proposed scheme. P5304 A Universal-Input Single-stage AC-DC Converter for Twin-Bus Type High-Power LED applications [#1251]
In the high-power LED driver system, a singlestage boost-LLC type soft-switched AC-DC converter is usually employed for obtaining the high efficiency and low cost. However, the high bus voltage is its fatal disadvantage due to the PFM control strategy. Thus, this LED driver is only applied in the low ac input voltage case. In order to overcome this problem, an asymmetric PWM (APWM) feed-forward strategy is proposed in this paper. The proposed control method can reduce significantly the bus voltage. The detailed operation principle and design consideration for the proposed control strategy are analyzed and discussed. The feature of the proposed solution was demonstrated using a universal-input 100-W hardware prototype. The experimental results showed the converter achieves full-range ZVS for primary switches and the efficiency of 92% under the 120V input voltage. P5305 Control IC for TRIAC Dimming LED Driver with Quasi-Resonant Flyback Converter [#156]
In this paper, a TRIAC dimmable controller for quasi-resonant flyback LED driver is realized. This controller is fabricated with TSMC 0.25 micri meter 60 V CMOS high voltage mixed signal general purpose process and applied to an input voltage of 90 to 264 Vrms, output voltage of nominal 40 V, and constant output current of 600 mA/24W hardware prototype to verified the feasibility of the proposed control. Poster Session: Emerging Technologies and Applications Tuesday, September 20, 3:00PM-4:30PM, Room: Exhibit Hall, Chair: Jin Wang, Yaosuo "Sonny" Xue P5501 Mutual Inductance Measurement for Power Device Package Using Time Domain Reflectometry [#1391] Kazunori Hasegawa, Keiji Wada and Ichiro Omura, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Stray inductance inside power device package will be a constraint on improvement of power density as well as switching frequency in power converters because the converters will suffer from electromagnetic interference (EMI)-related problems. This paper proposes a measurement method of mutual inductance for power device packages using time domain reflectometry. The method is characterized by introducing four-terminal measurement that distinguishes self and mutual inductances among collector, emitter, and gate terminals. A measurement fixture for a discrete IGBT is designed, constructed, and tested to ensure repeatability of the proposed method. Experimental results verifies the viability of the proposed method. P5502 Synchronized triple bias-flip circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting enhancement: operation principle and experimental validation [#1414]
The power conditioning circuit plays an important role in a piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) system. Sophisticatedly designed circuit can increase the harvesting capability by several times. The synchronized multiple bias-flip (SMBF) model generalizes the performance of existing interface circuits and offers prospect for future circuit evolution. Among all ideal SMBF derivatives, the parallel synchronized triple bias-flip (P-S3BF) circuit makes the best compromise between cost and effectiveness. This paper introduces a practical implementation of P-S3BF. It is realized by an inductive current-routing network, which is controlled by six MOSFET switches. The steady-state operation principle towards PEH enhancement is analyzed in detail. The transient behavior is also illustrated for highlighting the adaptive feature of the new circuit. Both theoretical and experimental results show that, under the same harmonic displacement excitation, the prototyped P-S3BF circuit can increase the maximum harvested power by 24.5% compared to the cutting-edge parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (P-SSHI) circuit, and 287.6% compared to the standard bridge rectifier circuit. P5503 Approaching Repetitive Short Circuit Tests on MW-Scale Power Modules by means of an Automatic Testing Setup [#1558]
An automatic testing system to perform repetitive short-circuit tests on megawatt-scale IGBT power modules is presented and described in this paper, pointing out the advantages and features of such testing approach. The developed system is based on a non-destructive short-circuit tester, which has been integrated with an advanced software tool and a semiconductor device analyzer to perform stress monitoring on the considered device under test (DUT). A case-study is included in the paper concerning a 1.7 kV/ 1 kA IGBT module, which has been tested safely up to 30,000 repetitions with no significant damage. The developed system has been demonstrated to be very helpful in performing a large number of repetition tests as required by modern testing protocols for robustness and reliability assessment. The software algorithm and a demonstration video are available for download. P5504 Cascaded Operation of SiC JFETs in Medium Voltage Solid State Circuit Breakers [#1584]
This paper reports cascaded operation of 1200V normally-on SiC JFETs in a solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) designed for medium voltage DC systems. The SSCB detects the short circuit fault by sensing the voltage rise between its two terminals and consequently uses this fault condition to power up the control circuit to turn and hold off the SiC JFETs to interrupt the fault current. Voltage sharing and balancing among the cascaded SiC JFETs during the fault current interruption process are important design considerations. Both simulation and experimental work are performed to identify an optimal circuit solution. The final SSCB prototype experimentally demonstrated a fault current interruption capability up to 125 amperes at a DC bus voltage of 1000 volts within 2.5 micro seconds. P5505 Hybrid Algorithm for Fault Locating in Looped Microgrids [#1716]
Protection is the last obstacle to realizing the idea of microgrid. Some of the main challenges in microgrid protection include topology changes of microgrid, week-infeed fault, bidirectional power flow effects, blinding of the protection, sympathetic tripping, high impedance fault, and low voltage ride through. Besides, these challenges it is desired to eliminate the relays for distribution lines and locate faults based on distributed generations (DGs) voltage or current. On the other hands,, increasing in the number of DGs and lines would result in high computation burden and degradation the efficiency and accuracy of the methods that utilize all these information. This paper deals with this issue by analyzing only DG's voltage. In the first step, a fault is detected by the voltage of each DG, then the DG with the highest voltage collapse injects voltage harmonic with 333 Hz to find another DG that fault occurs within them. Two criteria are also defined in such a way to prevent injection of voltage harmonic by the other DGs. Finally, the fault is located in the reduced space of search by wavelet transform and optimized multiclass support vector machine. In the simulation results the contribution of this method is shown and results also validate the efficiency of the proposed method. Wednesday, September 21, 8:30AM-10:10AM Photovoltaic Converters II Wednesday, September 21, 8:30AM-10:10AM, Room: 203AB, Chair: Nathan Weise, Jaeho Choi
8:30AM A 50kW High Power Density Paralleled-five-level PV Converter based on SiC T-type MOSFET Modules [#502] Yanjun Shi, Yuxiang Shi, Lu Wang, Ren Xie and Hui Li, FSU, United States SiC T-type LCL inverter can achieve smaller device loss than two-level topology, however its improvement on power density is limited by current ripple loss on magnetic components as switching frequency increases. This paper presents a paralleled-five-level (P5L) PV inverter which achieves better utilization of SiC devices than traditional T-type three-level (3L) LCL topology at higher switching frequency. Comparison of the SiC P5L PV inverter with SiC T-type 3L LCL PV inverter has been presented. The design challenges and methods to solve magnetic balancing, short circuit protection, and digital controller computation time issues are analyzed. A 50kW PV converter including boost stage and inverter stage has been built in the laboratory, which achieves a power density of 22.7 W/in3 and 2.5 kW/kg, and measured peak efficiency of 99.2%. 8:55AM PV Array Voltage Range Extension for Photovoltaic Inverters Using a Mini-Boost [#1221]
Photovoltaic (PV) plants are designed at higher voltage and lower current operation in order to reduce the overall system installation cost. Multiple PV modules connected in series are prone to shading problems which leads to loss of energy harvested. PV inverters without a boost stage are more efficient, by removing the additional power stage, but are prone to energy harvesting loss when the array is partially shaded and the voltage drops below the minimum operating voltage. Instead, PV inverters equipped with a boost stage improve the range of conditions where energy can be harvested but add additional losses to the system reducing the efficiency. In this paper, a new converter power stage topology design and methodology optimization is proposed in the form of a mini-boost, a cost-effective and attractive solution to the traditional approach. The mini-boost extends the DC voltage range for energy harvesting under shading conditions and low irradiance conditions and only needs to process a fraction of the power leading to a cost effective and attractive solution. A comparative analysis under different irradiance levels is presented to illustrate the advantages in energy harvesting obtained with the mini-boost solution. Simulations and experimental results using a dual mini-boost dc-dc stage and 3 phase 3-level neutral point clamped inverter level are presented to validate the proposed dc-bus extension range for energy harvesting. 9:20AM Submodule Integrated Boost DC-DC Converters with No External Input Capacitor or Input Inductor for Low Power Photovoltaic Applications [#1462]
This paper proposes to utilize the internal solar cell diffusion capacitance and internal solar module wire parasitic inductances to replace the input capacitor and filter inductor in boost derived DC-DC converters for energy harvesting applications. High switching frequency (MHz) hard switched and resonant boost converters are proposed. Analysis, simulation and experimental prototypes are presented. A specific proof-of-concept application is especially tested for foldable photovoltaic (PV) panels, which are known for their high internal wire inductance. The experimental converters successfully boost solar module voltage without adding any external input capacitance or filter inductor. 9:45AM Effective Control Approach for Multi-PVs Based Resonant Converter through Cross-switched Structure [#1467]
To support the integration of more PV sources with utility grids, there is a need for low cost and efficient power electronics converters. In this paper, the structure of cross-switch multilevel inverter (CRM) is proposed to interface more than one PV modules with a resonant converter. CRMs treat each pair of PV modules as one unit during the positive and negative half cycles and this could go against the need to track the maximum power point of each PV module individually. In this paper, a control method is proposed to achieve MPPT of individual modules. Basically, the paring of PV modules in the positive half cycle is made different from that in the negative half cycle which allows the MPPT of each module to be achieved effectively. Moreover, the MPPT of the modules is achieved through distributed controller to enhance the system scalability. Through simulation studies, the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified and its advantages are clearly demonstrated. Converter Applications for Alternative Energy Systems Wednesday, September 21, 8:30AM-10:10AM, Room: 203C, Chair: Andrew Hintz, Shaojun Xie 8:30AM Control Scheme for the Wide Operation Range of Induction Generator with a Vienna Rectifier in Wind Turbine Systems [#338] Jin-Hyuk Park, June-Seok Lee and Kyo-Beum Lee, Ajou University, Korea (South); KRRI, Korea (South) This paper proposes a control scheme for the wide operation range of an induction generator (IG) with a Vienna rectifier. A Vienna rectifier has the limited operation range because the sign of the current should be the same as that of the voltage in the normal operation. For this reason, the power factor of a Vienna rectifier is also limited. In the IG, the d-axis stator current is necessary for the self-excitation of the IG. Usually, the d-axis stator current is controlled to the rated d-axis current, which means that IG can operate in the low power factor. Therefore, the operation range of the IG with a Vienna rectifier is narrow. The proposed control method adjusts the d-axis current appropriately to extend the operation range and to include the operating power factor in the feasible operation range of a Vienna rectifier. The analysis results of the proposed method are verified from PSIM simulations with a 150-kW IG system using a Vienna rectifier. 8:55AM GaN Based High Gain Non-Isolated DC-DC Stage of Microinverter with Extended-Duty-Ratio Boost [#1490]
Microinverter is attracting more attention due to its compact size, plug and play concept, easy installation, and higher power yield under partial shading condition. This paper explores a converter for the DC-DC stage of a non-isolated microinverter. The topology termed as extended-duty-ratio (EDR) boost, is a hybrid of the interleaved boost and switched capacitor concept which has the advantage of providing high gain but simultaneously maintaining reduced voltage and current stress on most of the switches. The inductor current is interleaved, reducing the equivalent ripple on the converter input current and the inductor power loss. The converter operation is identified to be divided into different zones depending on the duty ratio of the phases. The operating principles along with the details of the component design and loss analysis as a function of converter phases has been studied. A 250 W GaN based 3-level EDR prototype with input from 20-40 V and 225 V output and operating at switching frequency of 200 kHz has been developed to validate operation of the converter in hardware.
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