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Measurement of PL decay time: Time-resolved PL spectra of the pSi samples mounted in the integrating sphere were acquitted using an intensified CCD camera (iSTAR 334T, Andor Technology Ltd.) equipped with a monochromator. The excitation source was provided by a light emitting diode (LED, λ_ex = 365 nm). The LED output was modulated by a periodic square-wave pulse. The PL decay at specific emission wavelength was measured with 10 μs steps, and normalized to the initial intensity (Fig. 4 in the manuscript).⁴

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a^ These authors contributed equally to this work.

b^ Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: [e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail].