E X E R C I S E 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1. James has built his daughter a doll's house. It even has a/an ironing
board and iron.
2. The police inspectors are trying to the clues from the murder, hoping
that they will lead to the killer.
3. A traditional emphasis on hard work and the to undertake the most
menial jobs to get ahead are perhaps the most obvious characteristics of the more recent
immigrants to the USA.
4. Fatima is from Afghanistan and was admitted into Germany under the
for political refugees.
5. At the age of seven, he applied to an art school for children, but he was
because he was too young.
ELS • 359
E X E R C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A COLUMN B
a) exist or function successfully and strongly
b) excellent; impressive; magnificent
c) be the most noticeable feature in an area
d) be limited or restricted to
e) remains of a building which has been
destroyed, damaged or has fallen down
f) sudden; without warning
g) remove by force; defeat
h) action of entering a place by force
i) group of ships organized to do something
together
j) complete; undamaged
360 • ELS
THE END OF THE MINOAN CIVILIZATION
For over 500 years, beginning in 2000 BC, there flourished on the island of
Crete in the eastern Mediterranean one of the most splendid civilizations of the
ancient world: the Minoan civilization. Its capital was Knossos, a city dominated by
the palace of Minos the king. All over the eastern half of Crete there were cities,
each with its own palace, and the population of the island must have been at least a
quarter of a million. Minoan power and influence, however, were not confined to
Crete alone, for the Minoans, by means of their ships, ruled the surrounding seas,
set up colonies on the Aegean islands to the north, and established trade links with
other peoples on the mainlands of Anatolia and Greece as well as with the Pharaohs
of Egypt. Minoan objects and cultural influence have been found as far away as the
ruins of Mycenae in Greece. But suddenly, sometime between 1500 and 1400 BC,
the Minoan civilization came to an end, and was forgotten by the world for over
3,000 years. In the early years of this century, however, archaeologists discovered
the remains of the Minoan civilization and evidence of its abrupt end. They thought
that the Minoans had been overthrown by the invasion of a powerful enemy, the
Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, but they could not explain why the Minoans,
with their large fleet, should be taken by surprise before they could protect their
cities, around which there were no signs of defensive walls; nor could they explain
why the invaders left the capital, Knossos, intact, yet destroyed all the other cities.
|
