| Carrier’s Service Liability
The aim of this essay is to fully examine the carrier's liability in sea transportation. In the first chapter the terms of carrier, charterer, shipper and consignee and the all's liability are examined by pointing out the carrier's service liability area according to The Turkish Commercial Law.
Because that the carriage of the goods by sea takes place in accordance with a freight agreement between the carrier and the shipper, the second chapter is about the types of freight agreements and the liabilities of the carrier which arises according to the freight agreement.
In the third section the definition of the negotiable instrument bill of lading is discussed and the legal properties of bill of lading is examined by emphasizing the carrier's liability on arranging the bill of lading. The customers' demands on the bill of lading such as early-late dated bill of lading, Shippers Load Stow&Count and Said to Contain clauses, writing the goods worth and letter of credit on the bill of lading, delivery of the goods without the bill of lading, clean on board, extc. and the potential situations which may happen if these demands are accepted and the liability of the carrier are examined and such examples related to the above mentioned problems are also given.
The definition of the loss and damage is given in the final chapter. The carrier’s liability which may arise after any loss or damage of the goods under the contract of bill of lading according to the Turkish Commercial Law are also examined.
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