The Arabic Language

participle, 77
active, 94f.
in Uzbekistan Arabic, 286
with object marking, 286
with perfect aspect, 196, 203
with subject marking, 286
particle, 111
coordinative, 233
definition of, 110
Partition, 327
parts of speech, 110
Pashto, in Arabic script, 331
passive, 49, 233, 237, 245
formed with prefix, 214
in Berber, 214
in Ḥassāniyya, 215
in Nubi, 308f.
internal, 95, 135, 158, 188, 193
participle, 19
past marker, 94, 280
past tense, 94
Pataouète, 271
Pate, 314
pattern, morphological, 92, 109, 230f.
pausal form, 33, 36, 53–5
Payne, T., xviii
Penn Arabic treebank, 106
Pentateuch, translation of, 161
perfect aspect, 95, 196
perfect verb, 20, 90, 93, 117f., 135
k- 
44, 143, 195f.
permansive, in Akkadian, 14
permutation, 92, 123
Perry, J., 323
Persian, 6f., 81, 127f., 313, 322–4
as language of missionaries, 301
as literary language, 81f., 128
as literary language in the Mughal 
empire, 326
as literary language in the Ottoman 
empire, 324
in Arabic script 314, 322,
in Indonesia, 330
in recitation, 80
in prayers, 80
study of, 5
substratal influence in Khorasan Arabic, 
285
superiority of, 81
transcription of, xvii
Persian Empire, 5, 10, 28
Persian kings, 127
personal prefixes, 307
personal pronoun, as copula, 282f.
pesantren
, 329
Peter the Venerable, 2
Peterson, J., 102
Petra, 28, 31, 140
pharyngalisation, xiv, 23, 86
loss of, 142
strong, 256
pharynx, constriction of, 86
Phoenician, 10, 20
script, 26
phoneme inventory, 23, 86
in the grammatical tradition, 120
phonetics, in the grammatical tradition, 109, 
119–22
Pidgin Madame, ix, 303–5
Pidgin, Maridi, 301
Pidgin, Romanian Arabic, 311
Pidgin, Urdu Arabic, 302
pidginisation, 147f., 299
pidgins, 299–312
place of articulation, 119, 173
plural, 19, 93, 293
in Nigerian Arabic, 289
marker, 117; in Nubi, 309
patterns: in Cypriot Maronite Arabic, 280; 
in Yemenite Arabic, 143
sound, 54, 56, 93, 116
see
also
broken plurals
plurality, 103
poetic koine, 55, 58
poetic language, 140
poetic licence, 65
poetic register, 46
poetry
colloquial, 159

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Index 
403
development of, 43
language of, 46, 55, 65
pre-Islamic, 108
rajaz
, 71
strophic, 73
transmission of, 61
polarity, of numerals, 102f.
political speeches, language choice in, 250
political terminology, 221–5
polygenesis, 16, 139f.
Port Royal, grammar of, 5
Portuguese, 292, 299, 331
possession
alienable, 175
construction, 55, 102, 111, 136, 141, 144f., 
175, 187, 289
inalienable, 175
marker, 136, 139, 144–6, 164, 167, 180, 183, 
187, 194, 202, 282, 305
Prakrit, 326
predicate, 111, 113f., 235
predication marker, 304
prefix-conjugation, 89, 93f.
prefixes, in compounds, 231
preformative vowel 
see
imperfect prefix
pre-Islamic dialects, 14, 47–52, 66, 172
pre-Islamic poetry, 60, 63, 73
preposition, 110f.
fused with verb, 91
prescriptive grammar, 66
present tense, 209
press, Arabic, 226
prestige dialect, 147, 207
prestige varieties, 253, 255
Prevost, V., 129
Principles and Parameters, 106
Prochazka, T., 193
proficiency, in French, 267
pronominal suffix, 134, 187
pronoun, 99, 110
personal, 282f.
resumptive, 271
proper names, 28, 36, 53f.
declension of, 93
in Nabataean, 31–3
prose style, 61, 79
development of, 73
protectorate, British, 225
protectorate, French, 225
proto-Arabic, 28f.
proto-Indo-European, 18
proto-language, 12, 16f.
proto-Semites, 13
proto-Semitic, 49
verbal system, 20
pseudo-correction, 154, 156, 158, 160, 165f.
pseudo-dual, 135, 148
pseudo-Sabaean inscriptions, 34, 44
pseudo-verb, 86, 101f.
Ptolemaeic Egypt, 29
public speeches, 74
punctual aspect, 93f.
Punic, as origin of Maltese, 277
purism, 228f.
in Hindi, 327
in Iran, 322
in Turkey, 324
purity
of language, 71, 184, 226
of Turkish, 324
Qaḥṭān, 43–5
Qaḥṭānic inscriptions, 34, 44
Qalamūn Mountains, 142