The human impact on land development has affected the natural hydrological cycles
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- 9. Summary
- References
- Interviews
| Porous Pavement
|
|
| |
|
| |||
|
|
Achieved |
Reasonable |
Potential |
|
Sustainable Alignment |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
Material & Resources |
2 |
5 |
6 |
|
Stormwater Management |
3 |
4 |
6 |
|
Energy & Environmental Control |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
Construction Activities |
1 |
5 |
8 |
|
Innovtion & Design |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
Total Points |
10 |
21 |
30 |
|
Rating |
None |
Certified |
Silver |
|
Filter Cartridge |
|
|
|
|
|
Achieved |
Reasonable |
Potential |
|
Sustainable Alignment |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
Material & Resources |
2 |
5 |
6 |
|
Stormwater Management |
4 |
4 |
5 |
|
Energy & Environmental Control |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
Construction Activities |
1 |
5 |
9 |
|
Innovtion & Design |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
Total Points |
11 |
21 |
30 |
|
Rating |
None |
Certified |
Silver |
|
Detention Pond |
|
|
|
|
|
Achieved |
Reasonable |
Potential |
|
Sustainable Alignment |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
Material & Resources |
2 |
6 |
7 |
|
Stormwater Management |
1 |
2 |
4 |
|
Energy & Environmental Control |
0 |
2 |
3 |
|
Construction Activities |
1 |
5 |
8 |
|
Innovtion & Design |
0 |
1 |
2 |
|
Total Points |
5 |
18 |
27 |
|
Rating |
None |
Certified |
Silver |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Range of Credits |
|
|
|
Certified |
19-25 |
|
|
|
Silver |
26-31 |
|
|
|
Gold |
32-37 |
|
|
|
Evergreen |
38+ |
|
9. Summary
This is a development that is transforming 50 acres of permeable native lands into impermeable areas. The Clean Water Act require that the rainfall landing on the site be treated, contained and released into the natural environment in a controlled manner.
To achieve this three very distinct methods were use. The designer took a holistic approach to meet the CWA needs. Immerging technologies were proposed, Target accepted and Costco declined. A one method approach would not have been economically or environmentally feasible. If all of the stormwater had to go to a retention pond more land would have had to been used and the whole site would have to been raised to accommodate drainage. This was not acceptable to anyone.
The design team provided the developers and owners with alternative solutions to mitigate stormwater and maximize the use of land. The methods chosen were a combination of the best alternative available and fiscal responsibility. In the end this is the essence of the Clean Water Act and Low Impact Development, a balance of economic and environmentally friendly solutions.
References:
Literature:
Muench S., Soderlund M., (2007) “Sustainable Roadway Design – A Model For An Environmental Rating System” University of Washington, Seattle Washington, June 2007
DoE, (2005) “Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington.” Washington State Department of Ecology, Vol I-V, February 2005.
EPA, (1999) “Stormwater Technology Fact sheet. Wet Detention Ponds.” United States Environmental Protection Agency, September 1999
EPA, (2002) “Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Clean Water Act” United States Environmental Protection Agency, November 2002
WSDOT, (2006) “Washington State Department of Transportations Highway Runoff Manual.” Washington State Department of Transportation, Environmental and Engineering Programs. May 2006
Puget Sound Action Team, PSAT, (2005) “Low Impact Development. Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound.” Puget Sound Action Team, Washington State University Pierce County Extension Office January 2005
NAPA, (2003) “Porous Asphalt Pavements.” National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham MD, October 2003
Rushton B., (2004) “Enhanced Parking Lot Design for Stormwater Treatment” Stormwater Program, Southwest Florida Water Management District.
Schluter W., Spitzer A., Jefferies C., (2004) “Performance of Three Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems in East Scotland.” Urban Water Technology Centre, University of Abertay Dundee, Scotland.
Newman A. P., Coupe S. J., Puehmeier T., Morgan J. A., Henderson J., Pratt C. J., (2004) “Microbial Ecology of Oil Degrading Porous Pavement Structures.” Convertry University, School of Science and The Environment, Coventry United Kingdom.
Sansalone, J., Wang L., Teng., Kuang X., (2004) “Properties, Mechanisms and Application of Porous Pavement as an Environmentally-Councious Material for the Built Environment.” Civil and Environmental Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
Dempsey B. A., Swisher D. M., (2004) “Evaluation of Porous Pavement and Infiltration in Centre County, PA.” Civil and Environmental Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Dechesne M., Barraud S., Bardin J. P., Alfakih E., (2004) “Long-Term Performance of Stormwater Infiltration Basins.” URGC Hydrologie Urbaine – INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Sample D. J., Heaney J. P., Wright L. T., Fan C. Y., Lai F. H., Field R., (2004) “Cost of Best Management Practices and Associated Land for Urban Stormwater Control.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE Feb 2003
Dreelin E. A., Fowler L., Carrol C. R., (2005) “A Test of Porous Pavement Effectiveness on Clay Soils During Natural Storm Events.” Water Research, Vol 40, Issue 4, February 2006 Pg 799-805
Interviews:
Powell Interview:, Powell Construction Company, Craig LaBrie, Chief Estimator, Personal Interview, Seattle WA, November 2006
Dowl Interview:, Dowl Engineers, Robert W. Schildgen, P.E., Design Engineer, Personal Interview, Redmond WA, January 2007
Marysville Interview:, Marysville Public Works Department, Surface Water Department, Keri Chennault, Phone Interview, Redmond WA, May 2007
Department of Ecology Interview:, Washington State Department of Ecology Northwest Regional Office, Kevin Fitzpatrick, Phone Interview, May 2007
Lakeside Interview:, Lakeside Industries Monroe Office, Gail Land, Phone Interview, June 2007
Web:
Pavement Interactive, Green Roads
http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=UW:Green_Roads (June 2007)
United States Environmental Agency, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=browse&Rbutton=detail&bmp=67 (June 2007)
Washington State Department of Ecology, “Overview of Water Quality Department,” http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/overview.html
Access, May 29, 2007
Pavement Interactive, “Superpave Gradation Requirements,” http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=Superpave_Gradation_Requirements&oldid=7395
Access, May 3, 2007
Pavement Interactive, “Green Roads,” http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=UW:Green_Roads
Access, June 14, 2007
Contech Stormwater Solutions, “StormFilter,” http://www.contech-cpi.com/media/assets/asset/file_name/4544/stormwater_overview.pdf
Access, Aug 2, 2007
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