The Importance of Africa to The World System After 9/11 Attacks: War on Terrorism or Integration for Sustainable Development

Global Integration; it is a set of processes(widening, intensifying, speeding up and growing impact)¹⁹ involve in the bringing together the interconnectedness of transcontinental flows and networks of activity, interactions and power characterised by the stretching of the social, political, and economic activities across frontiers, regions and continent, leading to the development of a world wide system of global governance, such that an event in one corner of the globe affects another with significant consequences and vice versa. It is better understood by the debate of the shift from state to market, between the hyperglobalists, the sceptics and the transformalists. The hyperglobalist in the likes of ( Albrow1997; Cox 1997; Guehanenno 1995; Luard 1990; Ohmae 1995; Wriston 1992, in Strange 1996) argue that globalization represent a new epoch in human history in which nations states have become impossible business unit in the new global economy. They based on economic globalization, stressing denationalization of national economics by the powerful transnational network of production trade and finance. The sceptics like (Hall 1996; Hirst 1997; Hirst and Thompson 1996; Weiss 1998 in Ersel and Rosenau 2005, p. 100), argue that globalization is not new base on statistical findings on world trade and the level of economic interdependence in the 19^th Century. They implied that state capacity survived those periods and was strengthened. They see intensification of interconnectedness as heightened levels of internationalization that emphasize the key role of national capacities. (Krasner 1993, 1995 in Ersel and Rosenau 2005). While the transformalists on their part argues the new epoch of globalization is a central driving force behind the rapid social political and economic changes, reshaping states, societies and the world order. They see globalization as creating a world of affairs with no distinct line between the international and domestic affairs to which actors adjust (Giddens 1990; Cammilleri & Falk 1992; Rosenau 1990; Ruggie 1993; Sassen 1996 in Ersel & Rosenau 2005, p. 101)