| Criticism;
The world system takes a holistic view of the world and therefore can be very superficial; it focuses on the exchange of relations as distinct from the production relations of the structure of the world economy (Strange 1984: 17)
The world system theory exude a bias tendency of undervaluing the state, by considering it as a merely derivative from its position in the world system.(strong states in the centre core, weak states in the periphery)(Cox 1996: 86-7)
Is equilibrium of power a gift or is it constructed (Constructivism)?
This is traceable to the works of the voluntarist Henry Kissinger who shaped the Congress of Vienna in 1815. To him the balance of power equilibrium is constructed and is preserved through the voluntary efforts of the actors. This attempt is qualified as practical historical realism. As Strange put it, Kissinger role of the US, did not just require that it had sufficient military capability, to prevent invasion of its territory or attack by other states. It was threatened in a new way; energy insecurity could undermine both its defence policies and its foreign policies. Therefore against this new threat, defence, foreign policies and domestic energy policies had to be mobilised for reasons of state security (Strange 1994, p. 205) by implication, a deficiency or weakness in a tripartite security strategy, would have to be compensated by strengthening and sustaining strategies. While according to Kennet Waltz the balance of power equilibrium emerge naturally within the system that is it constructs itself independently of foreign politics of the states. The liberalist perspective.
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