The Importance of Africa to The World System After 9/11 Attacks: War on Terrorism or Integration for Sustainable Development

Acronyms

AU African Union

CEMAC Economic Community of Central African States

EU European Union

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

GG Gulf of Guinea

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

IMF International Monetary Fund

NIEO New International Economic Order

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

WB World Bank

WTO World Trade Organization

Table of content

1. 
   Introduction………………………………………………………………….…....1
   
   1. 
      Background………………………………………………………………………..1
      
   2. 
      Problem Formulation and Hypothesis…………..…….…………..……………….5
      
   3. 
      Presentation of the Case Study area..……………………..……………………….6
      
   4. 
      Research Objectives………………………..………….……………….…………..9
      
   5. 
      Research Methodology …………………..…………....…..……………………...10
      
      1. 
         Theoretical and Empirical Design..………….………..……………………………10
         
      2. 
         Method of Data collection and Plan Framework….……………………………...12
         

2. 
   Definition of concepts and Debate………………………….……………………..14
   
   1. 
      Definition of Concepts and Terms…………………….…………….…………….14
      
   2. 
      The Debate and Assumptions………………………..…..……………….………..17
      

3. 
   The Theory Framework………………………………………………………..….22
   
   1. 
      The Context and Content (Connection and Complexity)..…………………..……23
      
   2. 
      The Critique…………………………………...……………………………...…..44
      
   3. 
      The Theoretical Analysis…………..………………..………………...……..……
      

4. 
   The Analyses……………………….……………………………………………...58
   
   1. 
      What factors explain to the regain of importance of Africa Gulf of Guinea to the world system?.....................................................................................................................58
      

4.1.2 The External and Internal Factors…..……………………………………………58

4.1.3 What is the Security Doctrine of the US and how it changes after 9/11..……….62

4.1.4 What is the importance of the Gulf of Guinea to the US and the rest of the world……………………………………………………………………………………64

2. 
   What impact may this have on the security realities in the countries of the sub region, That is, Is it a curse or a blessing….……………………………………………........67
   

4.2.1 The impact as a curse to the countries of the Gulf of Guinea ..................................67

2. 
   The impact as a blessing to the countries of the Gulf of Guinea sub region.…..…….......................................................................................................69
   
3. 
   The impact as a curse on the security realities of other regions.…………………69
   
4. 
   The impact as a blessing on the security realities of other regions..……………. 70
   

4.2.5 A comparison of the 9/11impact between the GG sub region and the other regions of the world…………………………………………………………………………………71

2. 
   What institutional mechanisms in terms of governance are put in place that explain the reconnection of the security of Africa Gulf of Guinea to the world system…….…..……….................................................................................................72
   
   2. 
      The State apparatus …..………………………………………………………….75
      
   3. 
      The International governmental organizations…..………………………....….…75
      
   4. 
      The international NGOs , MNC and TNC……..……………………..………….76
      
   5. 
      The role of influential individuals…………….………………………………….76
      
   6. 
      Others………………………………………….…………………………………77
      

2. 
   How has the security realities of the 9/11 impact in Gulf of Guinea influence politics locally and internationally, that is what are the implications, what it means to the US, EU, China, India and Africa as a whole………………………………………….………..78
   

4.4.1 Locally…….………………………...…………………………………………..…78

4.4.1.1 Within countries of the Gulf of Guinea region…………..…………………........79

2. 
   Between countries of the Gulf of Guinea region………………………………...79
   

4.4.2 Internationally……..…………………………………………………………...….80

4.4.2.1 Between External Power………………………………………………………...80

4.4.2.2 Compare the External powers and countries of the Gulf of G...…………....82

4. 
   What have we learnt and which way forward.……………………….………….….82
   

4.5.1 What have we learnt that is findings………………………………………...……..82

4.5.2 Which way forward that is recommendation…….………………...…………...…85

4. 
   The conclusion..……………………………………………………………………….87
   

1. 
   Assumptions, significance and perspectives……….........…………………….............88
   
2. 
   A political conclusion…….……………………………………………………………89
   

5. 
   References…..…………………….…………………………………………...................91
   

5. 
   Appendixes…………………………………………………………………….…..…….97
   

7.1 Tables……..………………………………….……………………………………...97

7.2 Diagrams.…………………………………………………………………………….98