The concept of shift; is understood as the unstable and critical times in which we live in, characterize by changes from unipolar pax Britannica to pax Americana through bi-polar hegemonic world order to what we are experiencing as a multi-polar world order, with a shift in focus from the state and market, to a search for a global governance, depicting a shift from IR to IPE, marked by expansion from deterrence to hegemonic war, rise of the global market economy, and the emergence of the nation state, where being a realist means to be a neo mercantilist, and an IR scholar an IPE scholar, where power and security are the permanent motivation of agents. Where power cannot be understood independently from the economic base ( Guzzini 1994:6-11)
