The phoenix program

CHAPTER 27: Legalities

1. Johnson, Planned Assassination.

2. Interview with William Phillips.

3. The New York Times, April 17, 1971, p. 5.

4. "U .S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 206.

5. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 192.

6. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 194.

7. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 195.

8. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 195.

9. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 197.

10. "U .S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 206.

11.. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 207.

12. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 208.

13. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 208.

14. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 237.

15. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 251.

16. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 251.

17. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 252.

18. "U .S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 283.

19. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 313.

20. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 314.

21. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 315.

22. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 321.

23. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam" Additional Views of Bon. Paul N. McCloskey, Jr. (Concurred in by Bon. Benjamin S. Rosenthal, Bon. John Conyers, Jr., and Bon. Bella S. Abzug), pp. 105-107.

24. "U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam," p. 191.

25. Interview with Sid Towle.

26. Towle interview.

27. W. Gage McAfee, "End of Tour Report" (Saigon, CORDS PP&P, August 11, 1971), p. 5.

28. "End of Tour Report: W. Gage McAfee, Comments of Reviewing Officer" (Saigon, CORDS PP&P, undated, signed by Norman L. Sweet, Director, Plans, Policy and Programs), p. 2.

29. "An Tri Reforms-Saigon 19140" (Cable to William H. Sullivan from U.S. State Department Legal Adviser Robert I. Starr, December 13, 1971).

CHAPTER 28: Technicalities

1. Interview with Cornelius J. O'Shea, Jr.

2. Coughlin interview.

3. Interview with George Hudman.

4. "Recommended Reorganization of the Phung Hoang Program" (State Department Telegram 196060 from Secretary of State William Rogers to Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker in Saigon, in response to COMUSMACV 129816).

5. Interview with Rob Simmons.

6. Colby interview.

7. Wall interview.

8. "The Evolution of American Military Intelligence" (The U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School, Ft. Huachuca, Arizona, May 1973), p. 117.

9. Interview with Tom Polgar.

10. Enders interview.

11. Drosnin, p. 21.

12. Michael T. Klare, "Operation Phoenix and the Failure of Pacification in South Vietnam" (Liberation, May 1973), p. 25.

13. Interview with Lew Millett.

14. Interview with Stan Fulcher.

15. "An Tri Observations and Recommendations" (Saigon, MACCORDS, Phoenix Directorate, from John Tilton to the Director, CORDS PP&P, April 11, 1972), p. 1.

16. "An Tri Observations and Recommendations."

17. "An Tri Reform" (Department of State Telegram 02917 from Ambassador Bunker in Saigon to Secretary of State William Rogers in Washington, March 1972), p. 1.

18. "An Tri" (Draft Airgram from Saigon embassy political officer Steven Winship to the Department of State on April 27, 1972), p. 2.

19. "Special Phung Boang Campaign in the Delta" (State Department Telegram 271149Z, April 1972, Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker).

20. "Presidential Decree Law on Administrative Detention and An Tri Proceedings" (State Department Telegram 050556Z, January 1973, Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker).

21. "Phung Hoang Special Campaign (F6) Ends" (State Department Telegram 051334Z, January 1973, Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker), p. 3.

22. "Phung Boang Program" (Department of State Telegram 054228 from Secretary of State William Rogers to the Saigon embassy, March 1972), p. 2.

CHAPTER 29: Phoenix in Flames

1. Dillard interview.

2. Stein and Klare, "From the Ashes," p. 159.

3. "Ceasefire and Political Sitrep MR 1, X Plus 137, June 14" (Department of State Telegram 141435Z from Charles Whitehouse, June 1973).

4. Interview with Bruce Lawlor.

5. Thayer, p. 103.

6. Brady interview.

7. Huy, p. 155.

8. McCollum interview.

9. Fred Branfman, "South Vietnam's Police and Prison System" in Uncloaking the CIA, ed. Boward Frazier (New York: The Free Press, 1978), p. 103.

10. Grieves interview.

11. Interview with Philip Agee in Playboy, March 1975, pp. 48-60.

12. "Master of Deceit" (NACLA's "Latin America and Empire Report," December 10, 1974), pp. 13-15.

13. Robert Kaylor, UPI Bangkok, January 8, 1975.

14. "Phoenix Program-Another False UPI Report" (Department of State Telegram 111317Z from Ambassador Graham Martin to the Secretary of State, January 1973).

15. PVT interview.

16. Snepp, p. 456.

17. Snepp, p. 567.

EPILOGUE

1. Fulcher interview.

2. Huy, pp. 168-170.

3. Allan Nairn, "Confessions of a Death Squad Officer, " The Progressive, March 1986, pp. 26-30.

4. Jay Peterzell, "The CIA and Political Violence in El Salvador, " First Principles, Vol. 10, No. 2, November/December 1984, pp. 1-2.

5. "George Bush's Iran-Contra Albatross, " U.S. News & World Report, January 18, 1988, p. 23.

6. "George Bush's Iran-Contra Albatross."

7. Dennis Volkman, "Salvadoran Death Squads: A CIA Connection?," The Christian Science Monitor, May 8, 1984.

8. The Boston Globe, July 10, 1984.

9. Pamela Constable, "El Salvador Targets Rebels' Volcano Stronghold," The Boston Globe, January 1985.

10. James Dickey, With the Contras (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985), pp. 254-256.

11. Dickey, pp. 254-257.

12. The New York Times, November 2, 1984.

13. "Aides: CIA Chiefs Didn't Okay Guide," The Boston Globe, October 24, 1984, p. 7.

14. "CIA Manual Said Based on Old Ideas," The Boston Globe, October 29, 1984, p. 3.

15. "Reagan Now Says Manual Was Mistranslated,” The New York Times, November 4, 1984, p. 21.

16. Dickey, p. 257.

17. Beth Bawkins, "Pastora: North Was Behind Bombing," The Tico Times, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 15, 1987.