The Pre-Tsarist (18th -19th centuries), the Tsarist (Russian empire-19th-20th centuries) and the Soviet communist period

Political liberalization and regime type in Central Asia

Year	Uzbekistan	Kazakhstan	Kyrgyzstan	Tajikistan	Turkmenistan
1991-92 1993-99 1999-2006	Soft autocracy (6.5 PF) Hard autocracy(7,6 NF) Hard autocracy (8.0 NF)	Soft auto (5,4 PF) Soft auto(6,5 NF) Soft auto(^6,5NF)	Soft A. (5,4 PF) Electoral Democracy (4,4 PF) Until 2004 was soft autocracy (5,5PF), after 2004 is electoral Democracy (3,5 F)	Electoral Democracy (3,3 PF) Hard Autocracy (7.0 NF) Hard autocracy (NF 6,7)	Soft au toc (6,5 PF) Hard autocracy(7,8 NF) Hard autoc (7,9 NF)

• "PF"-Part free, "NF"-Nonfree, "F"-Free.

• Freedom House score

Civil rights in Central Asia

Torture Scale In Central Asia

• Gross national product (GNP) Gross domestic Product (GDP) per capital is considered a reliable indicator
• of level of economic development, and hence , predictor of democratization.

Year __________ Countries	1992 1993-1997 1998-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Uzbekistan	101.1 88-85 90.6-95.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 7.7 7.0 6.2 6.0
Kazakhstan	86.7 76.4 66.8-62.0 13.5 9.8 9.2 9.4 9.4 8.5 8.5
Kyrgyzstan	97.85 66.6 53.1-62.7 5.3 0.0 7.0 7.0 0.6 5.0 5.5
Tajikistan	91.o 64.9 57.7-48.9 10..2 9.5 10.1 10.6 6.7 8.0 6.0
Turkmenistan	92.1 82.8 63.6-55.3-64.1 20.4 23.0 21.0 10.0 6.5 6.5

• Asian Development Outlook 2006 - Country-by-Country Growth and Forecasts

GDP Grows in 2001 -2007

• Central Asia 10.4 9.3 10.3 10.6 10.9 10.3 9.8

• , People's Republic of China 8.3 9.1 10.0 10.1 9.9 9.5 8.8
• Taiwan, The Republic of China - 2.2 4.2 3.4 6.1 4.1 4.4 4.0

International dimensions of democracy

• The absence of democratic reform and progress on human rights in Uzbekistan has seen it becoming increasingly isolated from the international community. The EBRD has reduced its activities in the country, while the IMF has withdrawn completely.
• The Soros Foundation shut down its offices, while the OSCE has limited scope for carrying out its activities in the country. During the post-9/11 period, Uzbekistan received considerable aid from the United States, who also maintained an air base in the country until asked to leave after criticizing the government for the events surrounding the Andijan massacre in 13 May, 2005 in Andijan city, Uzbekistan .

• Religion tolerates in Central Asia

Uzbekistan and China, Russia relations

• Taiwan

• Taiwan and Uzbekistan