The unece organizes with the financial support of the World Bank

Based on business register and periodically reviewed

In drawing a sample, special attention to be paid to:

• Level of details to be published
• Resources available
• Accuracy and timeliness required
• Response burden

Simple/stratified sampling by activity and size

> Business Register to be kept up-to-date with new units

• > Business Register to be kept up-to-date with new units

Administrative registers or datasets can be used as:

• Administrative registers or datasets can be used as:

• Single source in their own right
• Frame for sampling via the Business Register
• Complementary source
• Validation
• Data source for small enterprises

• For STS limited administrative sources available:

• VAT (value added tax)
• Social security data (employment and labor cost)
• Building permits, etc.

+ Reduction of response burden

• + Reduction of response burden
• + Reduction of costs, data collection and manual work
• + Total populations - detailed classifications/regional indicators
• + Better quality and coverage (of smallest units)
• Data content, units, concepts and definitions may differ
• Dependence on few large data suppliers
• Timeliness - may require use of estimation
• Access and confidentiality
• Non-observed economy unlikely to be included
• Requires good IT capacity by the supplier and the NSO

National ID-system for enterprises

• National ID-system for enterprises

• New production methods:

• to correct for negative values and different concepts
• slow accumulation > estimation of missing data

• The most important units to direct collection

• Active co-operation with large enterprises

• Development of questionnaires:

• Simplification – part of information from registers
• Efficiency – electronic data collection

Compulsory to use existing data (if suitable) in statistics production

• Compulsory to use existing data (if suitable) in statistics production

• Guaranteed access to administrative sources

• State government and social security institutions obliged to deliver their data to the NSO

• Free of charge or compensation of direct costs
• Co-operation in making changes in data collection

• To ensure data confidentiality

• Individual data collected for statistics should not be handed over to any use other than statistics or research!

Compilation Central Role of VAT Data

Compilation Data Control and Editing

• Studying data to identify errors

• Detect errors that have a significant influence
• Check whether values are within given ranges
• Check whether values for related variables are coherent
• Compare to past responses (previous months and a year ago)

• Give top priority to outliers and errors that have the largest impact on the results

• Outlier values require careful treatment

• May be correct but caused by unusual circumstances

Compilation Treating Non-Response

• Controlling response burden

• Better planning of data collection process
• Offering various channels for respondents

• Reducing the effect of non-response

• Alternative source, e.g. administrative data
• Imputation based on historical data
• Mean value imputation, donor/nearist neighbour, regression of variables

Compilation Comparing Unit Level Data

Compilation Impact on the Results

Compilation Non-Comparable Changes (NCCs)

• Structural changes in the population:

• New units are set up and others stop existing
• Units may be taken over, merged or split up
• Units may expand, contract or change their activities

• Reasons for large changes

• Errors
• Actual changes that are comparable
• Actual changes that are non-comparable

• UN Guide on the Impact of Globalization on National Accounts > helps with STS as well

Compilation Example of NCCs

Compilation Alternative Treatments of NCCs

• All changes are recorded as they are (actual)

• Contaminated with apparent, non-comparable changes
• Difficult to obtain a picture of economic reality
• Simplicity

• Panel method

• Only same units in both periods are included
• Start-ups and closures would be cancelled out
• Seriously biased results in highly dynamic populations
• Simplicity

Compilation Alternative Treatments of NCCs

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