Theory and practice of translation course paper theme: george bernard show and the "unpleasant" aspects of his plays

THE TOPICALITY GEORGE BERNARD SHAW
The aim of my course paper is to reveal content of his works and his added contribution to art
To reach the aim I put forward the following tasks:

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  to study a literary genre
  
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  to investigate George Bernard Shaw. contribution to art
  
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  to analyse his works
  

The subject of my course paper is content of his works and his added


contribution to art. The object of my course paper is George Bernard Shaw’s life and his works
The theoretical value of the course paper is of this research lies in its usage for future scientific writings on the given topic: articles, thesis, essays, etc.;
The course paper includes introduction, 1 chapter , conclusion and list of references.
II.MAIN PART
1.English Literature at the turn of the 19^th and 20^th century
English literature is the literature which is written in the English language, as opposed to other languages. English literature includes literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England, but all are considered important writers in the history of English literature (for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Thomas Pynchon is American, V.S. Naipaul was born in Trinidad). In other words, English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world. Until the early 19th century literature from Britain will mainly be discussed; then America starts to produce major writers and works in literature. In the 20th century America and Ireland produced many of the most significant works of literature in English, and after World War II writers from the former British Empire also began to challenge writers from Britain.
There are several reasons of the growth of the Romantic Movement in English literature in the early 19th century:
 influence of the Gothic novel, novel of sensibility and graveyard poets of the

18th-century, whose works are characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality, "skulls and coffins, epitaphs and worms" in the context of the graveyard.

 revival of interest in ancient English poetic forms and folk poetry.
 a new emphasis on the beauty and value of nature brought about by a reaction against urbanism and industrialization.
 the changing landscape and the pollution of the environment, brought about by the industrial and agricultural revolutions, with the expansion of the city.
 social changes, such as depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities that took place in the period between 1750 and 1850.
 a revolt against the scientific rationalization of nature of the Age of Enlightenment.
It was in the Victorian era (1837–1901) that the novel became the leading literary genre in English. Women played an important part in this rising popularity both as authors and as readers. Circulating libraries, that allowed books to be borrowed for an annual subscription, were a further factor in the rising popularity of the novel. The 1830s and 1840s saw the rise of social novel. This was in many ways a reaction to rapid industrialization, and the social, political and economic issues associated with it, and was a means of commenting on abuses of government and industry and the suffering of the poor, who were not profiting from England's economic prosperity. Stories of the working class poor were directed toward middle class to help create sympathy and promote change. The greatness of the novelists of this period lies not only in their truthful description of contemporary

life, but also in their profound humanism. They believed in the good qualities of the human heart and expressed their hopes for a better future. The poorest, the most unprivileged sections of the population were described by Charles Dickens. He looked into the darkest corners of the large cities.

The 19th century saw the rise of the following genres: fantasy, detective, science fiction, horror and ghost stories, gothic and vampire literature, the lost world genre and literature for children. The history of the modern fantasy genre begins with George MacDonald, the influential author of The Princess and the Goblin and Phantastes (1858). Wilkie Collins' novel The Moonstone (1868), is generally considered the first detective novel in the English language, while The Woman in White is regarded as one of the finest sensation novels. H. G. Wells's (1866–1946) writing career began in the 1890s with science fiction novels like The Time Machine (1895), and The War of the Worlds (1898) which describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians, and Wells is seen, along with Frenchman Jules Verne (1828–1905), as a major figure in the development of the science fiction genre. The premier ghost story writer of the 19th century was Sheridan Le Fanu. His works include the macabre mystery novel Uncle Silas (1865), and his Gothic novella Carmilla (1872), tells the story of a young woman's susceptibility to the attentions of a female vampire. Bram Stoker's horror story Dracula (1897), belongs to a number of literary genres, including vampire literature, horror fiction, gothic novel and invasion literature. The Lost World literary genre was inspired by real stories of archaeological discoveries by imperial adventurers. H. Rider Haggard wrote one of the earliest examples, King Solomon's Mines, in 1885.
George Bernard Shaw turned the theatre into an arena for debate about important
political and social issues, like marriage, class, "the morality of armaments and war" and the rights of women.
Modernism represents a “a deliberate and radical break with the traditional bases both of Western culture and of Western art” (Virginia Woolf ) There are controversities concerning the beginning of modernism. Still Virginia Woolf states that modernism began in 1910, the date of the first postImpressionist exhibition in London. There are established features that define modernism thematically and historically.
From a literary perspective, the main characteristics of modernism include:
1) the need to escape from the certainties of the nineteenth century;
2) a challenge to realism, search for alternative ways of representing reality; not focusing on the external reality, moving the idea of reality to the inner world.
3) an emphasis on impressionism and subjectivity in writing; an emphasis on HOW seeing or perception takes place, rather than on WHAT is perceived;
4) new kinds of tools, such as the stream of consciousness, interior monologue
5) representing consciousness, perception, emotion, the relation of the individual with the society;
6) a rejection of the objectivity, fixed points of view, and clear-cut moral positions;
7) narrations from different points of view and perspectives;
8) spontaneity and discovery in creation.
At the beginning of the 20th century modernism became an important literary movement.