KEY TAKEAWAYS
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Sociologists think race is best considered a social construction rather than a biological category.
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“Ethnicity” and “ethnic” avoid the biological connotations of “race” and “racial.”
FOR YOUR REVIEW
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List everyone you might know whose ancestry is biracial or multiracial. What do these individuals consider themselves to be?
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List two or three examples that indicate race is a social construction rather than a biological category.
[1] Smedley, A. (2007). Race in North America: Evolution of a worldview. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
[2] Smedley, A. (2007). Race in North America: Evolution of a worldview. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
[3] Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of white people. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
[4] Staples, B. (2005, October 31). Why race isn’t as “black” and “white” as we think. New York Times, p. A18.
[5] Telles, E. E. (2006). Race in another America: The significance of skin color in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[6] Barrionuevo, A., & Calmes, J. (2011, March 21). President underscores similarities with Brazilians, but sidesteps one. New York Times, p. A8; Klein, H. S., & Luno, F. V. (2009). Slavery in Brazil. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; Telles, E. E. (2006). Race in another America: The significance of skin color in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[7] Begley, S. (2008, February 29). Race and DNA. Newsweek. Retrieved fromhttp://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/blogs/lab-notes/2008/02/29/race-and-dna.html.
[8] Stone, L., & Lurquin, P. F. (2007). Genes, culture, and human evolution: A synthesis. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
[9] Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1963). The social construction of reality. New York, NY: Doubleday.
[10] Leland, J., & Beals, G. (1997, May 5). In living colors: Tiger Woods is the exception that rules. Newsweek, 58–60.
[11] Staples, B. (1998, November 13). The shifting meanings of “black” and “white.” New York Times, p. WK14.
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