Trondheim Norway "Power Electronics for Sustainable Growth"
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| Part 1 by A. Jaecklin
The field of high power applications has recently experienced a strong push from advances in device development. On one hand, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) in the form of hybrid modules are continuously increasing their limits in current („ 1500 A) and voltage (up to 4500 V). In the highly demanding market of traction applications, reliability has become on of the crucial issues, however. On the other hand, based on the classical Gate-Turn-Off thyristor (GTO), a new element has been conceived, called the Integrated Gate Commutated Switch (IGCT). This device implies a rigourously reduced leakage inductance combined with a gate drive unit implemented into the structure. Applying a hard gate drive (hard driven GTO) opens the way to high voltages (> 10 kV) by means of multiple series connection as well as to reduced losses due to snubberless operation. Essentially, these two approaches are complementary. Part 2 by K. Rischmüller This part was not available by the time of printing Part 3 by L. Lorenz Power semiconductor components, including their further development as monolithic power ICs, and hybrid system integration are the driving forces behind advances in power electronics systems, particularly with regard to energy savings, improved control response, noise redustion, size and weight reduction and cost minimization. The first attempt at hybrid integration was the implementation of IPM's, ASIPM's and PIM's. The PIMs and ASIPMs currently known consists of a package containing all the power switches including brake chopper with drive/protection circuitry. However, today's IPMs, ASIPMs have several advantages concerning interface, cost and system requirements. As a result of all these disadvantages, these solutions have no future and will be superseded by system integration in the medium term. This paper highlights the new approaches to system integration based on chip level. The authors: André A. Jaecklin is Head of Basic Development with ABB Semiconductors. He is also Titular Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology K. Rischmüller was head of application systems with Sescosem, after Thomson Semiconductors and is currently with SGS-Thomson Microelectronics. He is author of numerous application notes on power semiconductor devices. Leo Lorenz is involved in the development of power semiconductors with Siemens in Munich. For 10 years he is in a management position in several areas of power semiconductors . Tuesday 14:00 to 14:30 Needs for solutions and new areas of applications for power electronics by Prof. Lars Gertmar, ABB Corporate Research and Lund Institute of Technology The keynote speech will partly serve as a visitor',s guide for the delegates. Based on available information on EPE'97 papers and some previous ones, some of the achievements will highlighted as specific examples and as an introduction to the two following sections of the speech. The second part will cover the trends in some societies and the potential applications of the power electronics in Transmission & Distribution, T&D and Adjustable-Speed Drives, ASDs. There are challenges to generate electrical power from various sources to transmit & distribute power as well as to save energy. The competition between electromechanics and power electronics will also be a subject as well as hybrid solutions, especially in T&D.
Finally, the author hope to challenge the audience to focus their future work not only on incremental steps on existing and nearby technologies but also on paradigm shifts towards compact, light-weight, easy-to-install, low-emission, compatible and sustainable solutions based on power electronic s.
Lars Gerttmar is: Corporate Senior Scientist at ABB, in Electrical Machines and Drives Professor at LTH, in Power Electronic Drives D.Sc. at CTH, in Power Electronics, Ph.D. in Electrical Machines He has:
17 years industrial experience from R&D and product development partly also from practical troubleshooting on electric machines, power electronics, drives and electric measurements. 15 years experience from university R&D as well as under- & post-graduate education Experiences as manager, project leader, senior scientist coordinator (invited) lecturer, referee, etc. and from ABB's visionary & strategic works, R&D program boards and management, etc.
The electric vehicle, by Prof. Hans Kahlen, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany and Prof. Gaston Maggetto, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
a very strong promising phase. The state of California has defined by law an introduction programme imposing 10 % sales of electric vehicles by 2003 and 25% of hybrid vehicles i.e. a market of respectfully 300.000 electric and 750.000 hybrid vehicles. Other states are following the same regulations. In Europe, countries such as France, Switzerland, Sweden, Belgium, ... are also demonstrating big interest through a number of programmes going from pure market penetration up to R&D activities. Japanese car manufacturers seems to engage a competitive action against the american 'big three" colleagues. In such a contest, it is clear that technology has reached a high grade of maturity but undergoes in the same time a rapid evolution. The scope of this keynote is to describe and discuss the state of the art in the field of motorisation, power electronics, converters, charging infrastructure and surely batteries and all types of energy sources for hybrid vehicles. The authors are well-known experts in the field. They will provide basic information, more specialised information and show the way for the necessary R&D activities such as for demonstration activities
Prof. H. Kahlen is Professor at the University of Kaiserslautern. He is Past-President of AVERE, the European Association of Road Electric Vehicles. Formerly, he was responsible of the Brown Boveri (presently ABB) programme for drives for electric vehicles and the development fo the NaS battery. He is involved in a number of EU programmes concerning electric vehicles and batteries. He has more than 25 years experience in the field.
of the Belgian Section of AVERE, Vice-president of AVERE, Secretary General of CITELEC, Association of cities interested in electric vehiles. He is also responsible for the world conference on electric and hybrid vehicles, EVS-15 in 1998 and is involved in a number of EU programmes concerning electric and hybrid vehicles. He has more than 20 years experience in the field.
programme will be available on site Application specific power modules Animators: Denis R. Grafham, European Applications, Advanced Power Technology Inc., Rixensart, Belgium and Serge Bontemps, Manager Engineering, Advanced Power Technology Europe, Mérignac, France
Marries high performance to cost effectiveness, state-of-the-art packaging with insurance against reverse engineering.
- Are custom power modules really cost effectives? - How do ASPMs relate to modern silicon technology? - What are the most approrpiate substrate materials? - Air or water cooling? - How to optimize electronic circuit design. - Driver, protection and supervisory accessories. - Packaging flexibility. - Input and out[ut bussing, power and signal. - Noise immunity. - Power circuit layout for minimum strays. - Environmental considerations. - Use of Surface Mount Components. - Reliability. The relationship between users and manufacturers in power electronics Animator: Enrique J. Dede, Professor of Power Electronics at the University of Valencia and R&D Director of GH-ELIN, Secretary: José A. Carrasco, Assistant Professor of Power Electronics at the University of Valencia
power electronics related to active components, passive components as well as the specification of the components and other requirements as standardisation, regulations etc... in order to make a list of "wishes" and to find out what manufacturers can provide from this list of wishes.
Stefan Linder, ABB Semiconductors Topics: a. IGBT: - module construction (e.g. high frequency design) - high voltage devices - high current devices (large scale parallel connection) - reliability problems (partial discharge; testing methods) b. IGCT - basic concept - drive circuits - optimum snubber - applications.
Topic description not available at time of printing Smart power in dc-dc converters below 100 W P. Lindman, Ericsson Components - integration of passive components - cost vs. integration level - flexibility vs. integration level - performance: integration vs. discrete - encapsulation Impact of integration on power electronic design Animators: Jean Marie Peter, SEE and Consulting; Prof. Philippe Lataire, Vrije Universiteit Brussel The data processing job was completely transformed by the signal integration. The power integration is coming slowly, because there are a lot of specific problems in power (Thermal, current density, mutual component interaction, cost, etcŠ), but will arrive in the market. What could be the consequences in power electronics.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel A lot of progresses have been done in the field of high power IGBT. This component is now from 200 kW to several Megawatts a useful device. A big progress has already been done with the hard driven GTO called GCT. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of each components, what could be the optimal application field?
The occasion of EPE brings the rare opportunity for international comparisons of power electronics educational systems. Each country of group of closely associated countries has developped its own unique educational system and power electronics education has developed and flourished in different ways to meet varying needs. What position does (should) power electronics hold in the undergraduate (graduate) programme? Should power electronics be a required course for all EE's, for all EE's specialising in power or is an elective arrangement more appropriate? There is a commonly held perception that power electronics education is often inadequate, especially with respect to practical experience in instructional laboratories. Should lectures and laboratories be an integrated package or are separate laboratory courses more appropriate? Are the traditional electrical machnies courses still appropriate or should there be more effort to integrate power electronics into such courses? To initiate discussion of these question, and others, some brief results from international survey of power electronics education in Australasian and North American Universities will be presented. Software Packages and Experiences in Simulating Power Electronics and Motor Drives
Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA; Prof. Eisuke Masada, Tokyo University
be presented for modeling of power electronics and motor drives. Users of these packages will describe their experiences. FACTS
Undeland, NTNU, Norway
the art of FACTS devices, and about future prospects and directions, including the personal views and expectations of participants. EMC
and immunity - typical problems arising from their application - mitigation guidelines Sensorless ac drives moderator to be chosen Topic description not available at time of printing Large industrial drives
de Service, Division Ensembles Industriels, CEGELEC Machine/Converters arrangements commonly used and new trends. POST CONFERENCE TRIPS Post Conference Technical Trips 1. Visit at Hydroelectric power stations In the river Nidelva, which runs through the city of Trondheim, the energy company Trondheim Energiverk (TEV) operate seven of its hydroelectric power stations. A technical tour to two of these stations will be arranged. Although the river is regulated for hydroelectric power production it is considered as one of Norway's best fishing sites of Salmon with a record of catch-up of up to 1 ton per km/year along the stretch where fishing is allowed. Nedre Leirfoss is a power station which was put into operation in 1910. The installed capacity is 12 MW and the average production is 67 GWh/year. TEV has a small museum at Nedre Leirfossen which shows the evolution of the technology at their power stations from 1910 until today. The Brattsberg power station is a typical example of the new generation Norwegian power stations and was put in operation in 1977. It is located inside the mountain and water is led through tunnels (not pipe-lines) to the turbines. The installed capacity is 120 MW and the average production is 600 GWh/year. The participants will be picked up by bus in the centre of Trondheim at 10.00 on Thursday 11 Sept. A light lunch will be provided at Brattsberg Power station. After the visit, at 13.00, the participants will be transported directly to Trondheim Airport, Værnes, by bus. Fee for the tour: 100 NOK 2. Visiting Siemens A/S, Trondheim, Siemens A/S is a worldwide company with sites in 181 countries. Siemens A/S was established in Trondheim since 1908. For the time being Siemens has 2750 employees in Norway and 830 out of these are in Trondheim. Siemens A/S in Trondheim has two factories. One produces electric heaters and the other produces middle voltage equipment, motor control cubicles and power electronic circuits. Siemens A/S power electronics department is in Trondheim. This department is a competence centre for power electronics in Siemens A/S. The Power Electronics department is specialised in UPS, rectifiers for aluminium industry and converters for railway power supply. On this visit to Siemens A/S here in Trondheim you will get the opportunity to get a presentation of Siemens A/S in Trondheim especially the Power Electronics Department and to visit the factory. After lunch there will be a guided tour to Stavne converter station which as 2 MVA, 16 2/3 Hz converter for railway power supply. Siemens A/S was the contractor to this converter station. The bus will collect you at Trondheim centre at 09:00 and return at 14:00 to Trondheim Airport, Værnes. Fee for the tour: 100 NOK 3. Train trip to Adtranz near Oslo Adtranz is organizing transportation from Trondheim to Oslo by train. We start in Trondheim about 8.00 in the morning, then we will pass the mountain plateaus and see the glaciers in full daylight. There will be a draw, one of our guests will be invited to stay in the locomotive from Oppdal to Dombås. This is over the largest mountain plateau, where also the speed is fastest. We will present our locomotives in the train as we go along with emphasis on the EL 18 locomotive of our train. Of couse we will tell a lot about the tilting trains. We just got one order of16 (!) trains to the Norwegians State Railways of one Billion NOK. In Norway straight rails are rare, 80% of the distance is a curve. So tilting trains is the only way to increase the speed. There is not enough trafic to allow for new railways. We will serve coffee and later on lunch in the train. The first EL 18 locomotive was delivered from the Strømmen factory of Adtranz Norway in the Summer of 1996. It is the first of a series of 22 locomotives, all will be made before 1998. Both passengers and goods will be pulled by these new locomotives, and a lot of more than 30 years old locomotives will be replaced. EL 18 is a Norwegian modified version of the Loc 2000 family. The specifications of the Norwegian State Railways are among the strictest in the world due to rough weather, temperature extreemes and blowing snow particles. In addition there are problems with condensation in the long tunnels. The locomotive is made with welded steel and some copper to avoid rust. The cabin for the engineer is made with a low weight glasfibre sandwich design. The boggies are radial controlled and follow the rails with low friction, better utilization of the traction power and less wear of the wheels and the rails than the older locomotives. Robust induction motors controlled by GTO voltage source inverters are Adtranz standard technology. Also the rectifier converters are like this, providing four quadrant sinusoidal 16 2/3 Hz input current. The maximum power at the wheels is 5.88 MW and the maximum speed is 200 km/hour. The train will stop close to the Strømmen factory just outside Oslo, at about 14:40. There we will invite you to a special press conference where we will disclose a new train! Our international EPE '97 guests will improve the atmosphere of the presentation, so we will both benefit from this. We will provide buses for you that will drive you from Strømmen through Oslo downtown to the airport. You will arrive at the Oslo airport Fornebu at about 17:00. Fee for the tour including train ticket and bus in Oslo: 420 NOK LECTURE SESSIONS The papers listed hereunder are those provisionally accepted for lecture sessions. Those papers will be submitted to further reviewing by the session chairmen and topic chairmen and the final programme of the lecture sessions will be chosen among the papers listed hereunder. Monday 8 September 1997, 9h30 10h30 Session L1a: Passive components (Prof. J. Uceda, University of Madrid, Spain; t.b.d.) Super-capacitors for peak load shaving of batteries R. Bonert, University of Toronto, Canada, S. Reichert, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Gillot, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Industrielles, J. Nuns, EDF, France Session L1b: Renewable Energy Systems (Prof. H. Stemmler, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;T. Toftevaag, EFI, Norway) Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Energy Conversion Systems Employing Wind-Driven Induction Generators with Electronically Controlled Self-Excitation Antonio Di Gerlando, F. Castelli Dezza, R. Perini, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Power electronic interface for unconventional small size stand alone wind energy conversion system G. Lo Bianco, F. Caricchi, F. Crescimbini, O. Honorati, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy An Efficient Photovoltaic Pump System using a Permanent Magnet Sychnronous Motor Drive S. Van Haute, St. Henneberger, K. Hameyer, R. Belmans, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, L. De Gheselle, W. Coppye, IMEC, Belgium Single Cell Module Integrated Converter System for Photovoltaic Energy Generation J. Riatsch, H. Stemmler, R. Schmidt, Swiss Federal Inst. of Techn. - ETH-Zentrum, Switzerland Session L1c: Electronic power supplies systems (Prof. J. L. Van Eck, ULB, Belgium; O. Boe, Siemens Norway) Ni-Cd and Ni-MH battery fast-charger for portable applications based upon an intelligent IC M. Gonzalez, Miguel A. Perez, J. Diaz, F.F. Linera, P. Martinez, Iberdrola, Spain
Switching Converters Henry Chung, K. K. Tse, S. Y. R. Hui, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Session L1d: Control methods (Prof. W. Leonhard, University of Braunschweig, Germany; Prof. J. P. Louis, LESIR, France) Fuzzy Logic Control Optimization of Electrical Systems using Experimental Designs
D. Hissel, P Maussion, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France Neuro-Fuzzy Controller in a Field Oriented Control for Induction Motors L. Baghli, H. Razik, A. Rezzoug, GREEN, France Fuzzy Control for Electrical Drives? Kai Michels, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany This session includes a panel discussion Monday 8 September 1997, 11h00 to 13h00 Session L2a: Special session IGBT/GTO (J. M. Peter, SEE, France; P. Aloïsi, Motorola, France) IGBT based integrated power module for high power traction converter Gerald Hilpert, Thomas Züllig, ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation Ltd, Switzerland Multichip High Power IGBT - Modules for Traction and Industrial Application K. H. Sommer, R. Spanke, eupec GmbH & Co KG, Lefranc, Siemens AG, Germany A New Range of Reverse Conducting Gate-CommutatedThyristors for High-Voltage Medium-Power Applications Stefan Linder, Sven Klaka, Mark Frecker, ABB Semiconductors AG, Switzerland
Unitech, Norway) Behaviour of three-phase convertors during voltage sags M H J Bollen, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, D B Patel, P Wang, N Jenkins, Manchester Centre for Electrical Energy, United Kingdom
using suppressor capacitors in the intermediate circuit S. Guttowski, H. Jörgensen, K. Heumann, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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