West Coast Publishing Ocean 2014 affirmative page
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Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth's oceans.WEST COAST DEBATEOCEAN 2014-2015 AFFIRMATIVE Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth's oceans. Finding Arguments in this File Use the table of contents on the next pages to find the evidence you need or the navigation bar on the left. We have tried to make the table of contents as easy to use as possible. You’ll find scenario/impacts, affirmatives, disadvantages, counterplans, and kritiks listed alphabetically in their categories. Using the arguments in this File We encourage you to be familiar with the evidence you use. Highlight (underline) the key lines you will use in the evidence. Cut evidence from our files, incorporate your and others’ research and make new files. File the evidence so that you can easily retrieve it when you need it in debate rounds. Practice reading the evidence out-loud; Practice applying the arguments to your opponents’ positions; Practice defending your evidence in rebuttal speeches. Use West Coast Evidence as a Beginning We hope you enjoy our evidence files and find them useful. In saying this, we want to make a strong statement that we make when we coach and that we believe is vitally important to your success: DO NOT USE THIS EVIDENCE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Instead, let it serve as a beginning. Let it inform you of important arguments, of how to tag and organize your arguments, and to offer citations for further research. Don’t stagnate in these files--build upon them by doing your own research for updates, new strategies, and arguments that specifically apply to your opponents. In doing so, you’ll use our evidence to become a better debater. Copying West Coast Evidence Our policy gives you the freedom to use our evidence for educational purposes without violating our hard work.
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Visit our web page! www.wcdebate.com Table of ContentsResolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth's oceans. 2 WEST COAST DEBATE 3 Table of Contents 4 Topic Wording 5 Debating on the Affirmative 11 Biodiversity of Ocean in Trouble 16 General Biodiversity 17 Biodiversity Declining 18 Biodiversity loss = extinction 19 AT: Climate Change = Impacts Inevitable 20 Ocean-Specific Impacts 21 Ocean Ecosystems Collapsing Now 22 Ocean Ecosystems Collapsing Now 23 Oceans Prevent Extinction 24 Oceans Prevent Extinction 25 AT: Oceans Too Far Gone 26 AT: Adaptation 27 Ocean Acidification 28 Ocean Acidification 29 US-China Yes Conflict 30 Conflict Now - Naval 31 Conflict Now – East China Sea 32 Conflict Now – South China Seas 33 Conflict Now - Taiwan 34 US Russia Yes Conflict 35 Conflict Now - Ukraine 36 Conflict Now – Arctic 37 Conflict Now – Missile Defense 38 Conflict Now - Syria 39 Conflict Now - Syria 40 Aquaculture Aff Description 41 Aquaculture 1AC 42 1AC-Inherency 43 1AC-Environment Advantage 44 1AC-Blue Revolution Advantage 47 1AC-Plan 52 1AC-Solvency 53 Aquacultural Aff Extensions 55 Environment-Regulations I/L 56 Environment-Fisheries I/L 57 Environment-Open-Ocean Solves 58 Enviornment-Public Trust Doctrine 59 Overfishing Extensions 60 Environment-Policy Intervention Possible 61 Environment-Overfishing Extension 62 A2 Can’t Come Back Past Tipping Point 63 Solvency Extensions-Federal Regulations Key 64 Solvency Extensions-Federal Regulations Key 65 Solvency Extensions-Federal Regulations Key 66 Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 67 Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 68 Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 69 Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 70 Oceans Impact Extension 71 Must Shift from China Extension 72 China=Leader Now Extension 73 States CP Perm 74 States CP Solvency Deficit 75 A2 Amend the NAA Counterplan 76 A2 Courts CP 77 A2 Urban/Land Aquaculture CP 78 A2 I-Law/UNCLOS DA 80 A2 Antibiotic Resistance Turn 81 A2 Disease Impact 82 A2 Disease Impact 83 Marine Reserves Aff Description 84 Marine Reserves 1AC 85 Marine Reserves 1AC 86 Marine Reserves 1AC 87 Marine Reserves 1AC 88 Marine Reserves 1AC 89 Marine Reserves 1AC 90 Marine Reserves 1AC 91 Marine Reserves Aff Extensions 92 Topicality: Reserves and Protection Are Development 93 Inherency Extensions 94 Reserve Network Solvency 95 Reserve Network Solvency 97 Reserve Network Solvency 98 Reserve-Specific Solvency 99 Climate Mitigation Add-on Advantage 100 International Law Add-On Advantage 101 International Cooperation Solvency 102 Biodiversity Advantage: Reserves Increase Biodiversity 104 Biodiversity Impacts 105 Reserves Solve Biodiversity 106 Biodiversity Impact Uniqueness 107 Overfishing: Time Frame 108 Overfishing: Time Frame 109 Overfishing Causes Global Famine 110 Overfishing Causes Global Famine 111 Reserves solve overfishing 112 Reserves Solve Overfishing 113 Overfishing Causes Species Extinction 114 Answers to Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology 115 Answers to Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology 116 AT Economy Disadvantages: Protection Doesn’t Harm Economy 117 AT Economy Disadvantages: Protection Doesn’t Harm Economy 118 AT Political Disadvantages: Plan is Not Politically Controversial 119 Ocean Renewables MHK Aff Description 120 Ocean Renewables MHK 1AC 122 Ocean Renewables MHK Aff Extensions 132 Inherency Ext. 133 FY2015 budget reduced investment 134 Not widely deployed now 135 Solvency 136 Federal government investment is key 137 Federal investment leads to commercialization 139 Advantage One: Climate Change Extension 140 Solves energy security / meets electricity needs 141 Solves energy security / meets electricity needs 143 New investment is essential 144 Reducing emissions is key 145 Reduces fossil fuels / emissions 147 Fossil fuels for electricity causes huge emissions 149 Reduces fossil fuels / tidal energy 150 Impact Extension – Climate change 151 Biodiversity Advantage 153 Biodiversity Advantage 154 MHK technologies cause an “artificial reef” effect 156 Biodiversity Impacts - Oceans 157 Tidal Energy Good 158 Tidal power can displace fossil fuels 159 Wave Energy Good 160 Wave Energy – Clean and Effective 161 Wave Energy – Clean and Effective 162 A2: Case turns 163 A2: Collisions and displacement 164 A2: EMF / Noise pollution 166 A2: Disadvantages and CPs 167 A2: States CP/Federalism 168 A2: Studies CP 170 Kritik Answers 171 A2: Managerialism 172 Topicality Answers 174 A2: Topicality (development) 175 Ocean Global Health Disad 176 1NC Shell-UQ 177 1NC Shell- Development Link 178 1NC Shell- Exploration Link 179 1NC Shell- Impact 180 ***UQ Ext.*** 181 UQ- Tipping Point 182 UQ- Tipping Point 183 UQ- Tipping Point 184 UQ- Structural 185 UQ- International Efforts Now 186 UQ- International Efforts Now 187 UQ- Whale Populations on Brink 188 ***Link Ext.*** 189 Exploration- Sonar 190 Exploration- Sonar Kills Species 191 Exploration- Oil (Offshore Drilling) 192 Exploration- Natural Gas 193 Exploration/ Production (Oil/Gas)- Noise Pollution 194 Ships- Gotta Build More 195 Ships- Burn Dirty Fuel 196 Development- General 197 Development- Oil (Offshore Drilling) 198 Development- Oil (Offshore Drilling) 199 Geothermal 200 Tourism 201 ***Impact Ext.*** 202 Whales- Environment- Species/ Climate Change 203 Whales- Environment- Laundry List 204 Whales- Economy 205 Overfishing/ Fish loss- A/T “Species Resilient” 206 Overfishing/ Species Loss- “Tipping Point” 207 Overfishing/ Shark Loss—Coral Reef 208 Coral Reef- Laundry List 209 Noise Pollution- Sonar 210 Noise Pollution- Sonar 211 Oil Production Kills Environment 212 Oil Production Kills Environment 213 Oil Production= Runaway Climate Change 214 Oil Production Kills Environment 215 Ocean Acidification= Species Loss 216 Ocean Acidification= Species Loss 217 Sea Level Rise 218 Sea Level Rise 219 Oceans Prevent Human Extinction/ Turns Economy 220 Oceans Prevent Human Extinction/ Turns Economy 221 Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 222 Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 223 Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 224 Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 225 Disad O/W Exploration 226 Climate Change= Human Extinction 227 Climate Change= Real/ Human Caused/ Extinction 228 ***Random Section*** 229 A/T “Protected Zones Check Impact” 230 Offshore Drilling- Spills Inevitable 231 ***Aff Answers*** 232 Link Turn- Exploration 233 Link Turn- Exploration 234 Link Turn- Exploration 235 A/T Climate Change- Ocean Specific 236 A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels 237 A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels/ Deforestation 238 A/T Climate Change- Inevitable 239 A/T Climate Change- No Extinction 240 A/T Climate Change- Adaptation Solves 241 A/T Coral Reef 242 A/T Coral Reef 243 A/T Coral Reef 244 A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 245 A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 246 A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 247 A/T Noise Pollution (General) 248 A/T Whales- Alt Causes 249 A/T Whales- No Link 250 A/T Whales- Populations Increasing/ Resilient 251 A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- History 252 A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- Natural Seeps Prove 253 Oceans Resilient- Species 254 Oceans Resilient- Microbes 255 Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 256 Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 257 No Human Extinction- Technology Checks 258 No Human Extinction- Adaptability 259 Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 260 Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 261 No UQ- Oceans Collapsing Now 262 Offshore Wind Aff Description 263 Offshore Wind 1AC 264 1AC 265
1AC 267 1AC 269
1AC 271 1AC 273
Offshore Wind Aff Extensions 274 Inherency Ext. 275 Oil Lobby Prevents Investment (Attitudinal) 276 ITC Not Extended Now 277 Advantage: Economic Growth Ext. 278 Jobs Internal Links 279 Manufacturing Sector Key 280 Winds Protects Against Billions in Damages 281 Coastal Population Growth Magnifies the Impacts 282 Uniqueness – Growth Minimal Now / U.S. Key 283 Impact Ext. 284 Advantage: Hurricanes Ext. 286 Worse Hurricanes Are Inevitable 287 Internal Links 290 Even Small Wind Farms Good 292 Impact Ext. – Biodiversity Internal Links 293 Impact Ext. – Biodiversity Impacts 295 Better Than Sea Walls 296 Advantage: Ocean Biodiversity Internal Links 297 Internal Links – Wind Farms Boost Biodiversity (General) 298 Internal Links (Habitats/Reef Effect) 299 Internal Links (Fish Stocks) 301 A2: Construction Hurts Biodiversity 303 A2: Avian Collisions 305 A2: Avian Collisions 306 A2: Noise Pollution 307 A2: Noise Pollution 308 Advantage: Climate Change Internal Links 310 Climate Change Internal Links 311 Solvency Ext. 313 Federal Action / ITC Key 314 Offshore wind has huge energy potential 316 Offshore wind displaces fossil fuels 318 A2: Technical Problems 319 A2: Case Turns 320 A2: General Case Turns 321 A2: Case Outweighs 322 A2: Ship Collisions 323 A2: Disadvantages and CPs 324 A2: Disadvantage / Turn Uniqueness 325 A2: Coal Disadvantages 326 A2: Politics – Bipartisan Support 327 A2: Agency CPs 328 A2: Agency CPs 329 UNCLOS Aff Description 330 UNCLOS 1AC 331 1AC - Arctic 332 1AC - Arctic 333 1AC - Arctic 334 1AC - China 335 1AC - China 336 1AC - China 337 UNCLOS Aff Extensions 338 Arctic Advantage 339 Arctic Conflict Coming 340 Arctic Conflict Coming 341 Arctic Conflict Impacts 342 Arctic Conflict Solvency 343 Arctic Environment Impact 344 Arctic Environment Impact – Food Wars 345 Arctic Environment Solvency 346 Arctic Hegemony Impact 347 China Advantage 348 China Conflict Coming 349 China Solvency 350 Other Advantages 351 Naval Power Projection 352 XT: Naval Power Projection 353 Trade 355 Offshore Mining 356 US Economy 357 AT: Economy DA 359 2AC AT: Econ DA 360 2AC AT: Econ DA 361 2AC AT: Sovereignty Link 362 1AR XT: Resource Access 363 AT: Burdensome Regulations 364 AT: Taxation/Re-Distribution 365 Other DA Answers 366 AT: Politics 367 AT: Sovereignty DA 368 AT: Counterplans 369 AT: UNCLOS Ratification Not Key to Resource Development 370 AT: Topicality 371 AT: Topicality - Development 372 China US Conflict DA - Aff Responses 373 Non Unique 374 Inevitable 376 No Link - Competition 377 No Link- Cooperative Development 379 No Link- Cooperative Development 380 Link Turn- Conservation Coop 381 AT: Chinese Soft Power 382 No Impact – US/China War 383 AT: Miscalculation 384 No Impact – Asian Conflict 385 Impact Turn- Chinese Ocean Domination Kills Env 386 Impact Turn- Chinese Ocean Domination Kills Env 387 China Alt Energy DA Aff Responses 388 No Chinese Alternative Energy 389 No Chinese Economic Growth 390 AT: Zero Sum 391 AT: Zero Sum 392 AT: Zero Sum 393 No Chinese Alternative Energy 394 AT: US China War 395 AT: US China War 397 China is Resilient 398 AT: China Key to Global Economy 399 Chinese Growth Unsustainble 400 Chinese Growth Unsustainable 401 Chinese Growth Unsustainable 402 US Alternative Energy Good 403 Fishing Industry DA Aff Responses 404 Uniqueness Answers – Fishing industry not strong now 405 Uniqueness Answers – Economy is Weak Now 406 Link Answers - Aquaculture 407 Link Answers - Marine Renewables 408 Link Answers – Marine Reserves/MPAs/No-Take zones 409 Link Answers – Marine Reserves/MPAs/No-Take zones 410 Link Answers – Marine Reserves/MPAs/No-Take zones 411 Link Answers – Offshore Wind 412 Link Answers – Offshore Wind 413 Link Answers – Regulations are Good 414 Link Answers – Regulations are Good 415 Impact Answers – No internal link 416 Impact Answers – Economic collapse does not lead to war 417 Impact Answers – Economic collapse does not lead to war 418 Impact Answers – No economic collapse 419 Economic Collapse Inevitable 420 Impact Answers – Economic growth is bad 421 Impact Answers – Economic growth is bad 422 Ocean Climate Change DA Aff Responses 423 Link Turn- Exploration 424 Link Turn- Exploration 425 Link Turn- Exploration 426 A/T Climate Change- Ocean Specific 427 A/T Climate Change- Ocean Specific 428 A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels 429 A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels/ Deforestation 430 A/T Climate Change- Inevitable 431 A/T Climate Change- No Extinction 432 A/T Climate Change- Adaptation Solves 433 A/T Coral Reef 434 A/T Coral Reef 435 A/T Coral Reef 436 A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 437 A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 438 A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 439 A/T Noise Pollution (General) 440 A/T Whales- Alt Causes 441 A/T Whales- No Link 442 A/T Whales- Populations Increasing/ Resilient 443 A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- History 444 A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- Natural Seeps Prove 445 Oceans Resilient- Species 446 Oceans Resilient- Microbes 447 Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 448 Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 449 No Human Extinction- Technology Checks 450 No Human Extinction- Adaptability 451 Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 452 Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 453 No UQ- Oceans Collapsing Now 454 EU CP- Aff Responses 455 2AC Perm 456 2AC EU Fails 457 No Solvency – Environmental Regs 458 No Solvency – Marine Biotech 459 No Solvency – Ocean Energy 460 Geoengineering CP Aff Responses 461 Geoengineering Fails 462 Geoengineering Fails 463 AT: Afforestation 465 AT: Iron Fertilization 466 AT: Aerosols 467 Seabasing CP Aff Responses 468 Seabasing Bad – Allied Freakout 469 Seabasing Bad – Intra-Military Conflict 470 Seabasing Fails 471 Seabasing Fails 472 CP Links to Politics 473 Eco Security Kritik Aff Responses 474 AT: Warming Disaster Reps Cause Apathy 475 AT: Environmental Disaster Reps Cause Militarism/Authoritarianism 477 AT: Local Movements Solve Warming 478 AT: Wish Away System 479 AT: Anthro 480 AT: Serial Policy Failure 481 AT: Structural Violence 482 AT: Liberal Internationalism is Flawed 483 AT: Environmental Securitization Bad 484 AT: Can’t Solve Warming With Security Mindset 485 AT: Warming Reps Cause Paralysis 486 Alt Fails 487 Alt Fails 488 Alt Fails 489 AT: Threat Con => War 490 AT: Security -> War 491 AT: Threat Con 492 AT: Alternative Solves Backlash 493 No Alternatives To Realism 494 AT: X is the Root Cause 495 Framework 496 Realism True 497 Realism True 498 Neolib Resilient 499 Ocean Management Kritik Aff Responses 500 Impact Answers 501 Impact Answers – Biopower 502 Impact Answers – Env. Securitization Good 504 Impact Answers – Standing Reserve 506 Managerialism Answers 507 Managerialism Answers – Luke is wrong/Alternative fails 508 Managerialism Answers – Luke is wrong/Economy Turn 510 Managerialism Answers - Good (General) 512 Managerialism Answers - Good (Fisheries/Famine turn) 514 Managerialism Answers - Good (Fisheries/Famine Extension) 515 Managerialism Answers - Good (Oceans) 516 Managerialism Answers - Good (MPAs/Marine Reserves) 518 Permutations 519 Permutation Solvency – Ocean Agency 520 Permutation Solvency – Environmental Pragmatism/Pluralism 521 Permutation Solvency – Environmental Pragmatism/Policy Key 523 Yüklə 2,46 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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