Use the table of contents on the next pages to find the evidence you need or the navigation bar on the left. We have tried to make the table of contents as easy to use as possible. You’ll find scenario/impacts, affirmatives, disadvantages, counterplans, and kritiks listed alphabetically in their categories.
We encourage you to be familiar with the evidence you use. Highlight (underline) the key lines you will use in the evidence. Cut evidence from our files, incorporate your and others’ research and make new files. File the evidence so that you can easily retrieve it when you need it in debate rounds. Practice reading the evidence out-loud; Practice applying the arguments to your opponents’ positions; Practice defending your evidence in rebuttal speeches.
We hope you enjoy our evidence files and find them useful. In saying this, we want to make a strong statement that we make when we coach and that we believe is vitally important to your success: DO NOT USE THIS EVIDENCE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Instead, let it serve as a beginning. Let it inform you of important arguments, of how to tag and organize your arguments, and to offer citations for further research. Don’t stagnate in these files--build upon them by doing your own research for updates, new strategies, and arguments that specifically apply to your opponents. In doing so, you’ll use our evidence to become a better debater.
Our policy gives you the freedom to use our evidence for educational purposes without violating our hard work.
Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth's oceans. 2
WEST COAST DEBATE 3
Table of Contents 4
Topic Wording 5
Debating on the Affirmative 11
Biodiversity of Ocean in Trouble 16
General Biodiversity 17
Biodiversity Declining 18
Biodiversity loss = extinction 19
AT: Climate Change = Impacts Inevitable 20
Ocean-Specific Impacts 21
Ocean Ecosystems Collapsing Now 22
Ocean Ecosystems Collapsing Now 23
Oceans Prevent Extinction 24
Oceans Prevent Extinction 25
AT: Oceans Too Far Gone 26
AT: Adaptation 27
Ocean Acidification 28
Ocean Acidification 29
US-China Yes Conflict 30
Conflict Now - Naval 31
Conflict Now – East China Sea 32
Conflict Now – South China Seas 33
Conflict Now - Taiwan 34
US Russia Yes Conflict 35
Conflict Now - Ukraine 36
Conflict Now – Arctic 37
Conflict Now – Missile Defense 38
Conflict Now - Syria 39
Conflict Now - Syria 40
Aquaculture Aff Description 41
Aquaculture 1AC 42
1AC-Inherency 43
1AC-Environment Advantage 44
1AC-Blue Revolution Advantage 47
1AC-Plan 52
1AC-Solvency 53
Aquacultural Aff Extensions 55
Environment-Regulations I/L 56
Environment-Fisheries I/L 57
Environment-Open-Ocean Solves 58
Enviornment-Public Trust Doctrine 59
Overfishing Extensions 60
Environment-Policy Intervention Possible 61
Environment-Overfishing Extension 62
A2 Can’t Come Back Past Tipping Point 63
Solvency Extensions-Federal Regulations Key 64
Solvency Extensions-Federal Regulations Key 65
Solvency Extensions-Federal Regulations Key 66
Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 67
Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 68
Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 69
Fish/Aquaculture K2 Food Security Ext’s 70
Oceans Impact Extension 71
Must Shift from China Extension 72
China=Leader Now Extension 73
States CP Perm 74
States CP Solvency Deficit 75
A2 Amend the NAA Counterplan 76
A2 Courts CP 77
A2 Urban/Land Aquaculture CP 78
A2 I-Law/UNCLOS DA 80
A2 Antibiotic Resistance Turn 81
A2 Disease Impact 82
A2 Disease Impact 83
Marine Reserves Aff Description 84
Marine Reserves 1AC 85
Marine Reserves 1AC 86
Marine Reserves 1AC 87
Marine Reserves 1AC 88
Marine Reserves 1AC 89
Marine Reserves 1AC 90
Marine Reserves 1AC 91
Marine Reserves Aff Extensions 92
Topicality: Reserves and Protection Are Development 93
Inherency Extensions 94
Reserve Network Solvency 95
Reserve Network Solvency 97
Reserve Network Solvency 98
Reserve-Specific Solvency 99
Climate Mitigation Add-on Advantage 100
International Law Add-On Advantage 101
International Cooperation Solvency 102
Biodiversity Advantage: Reserves Increase Biodiversity 104
Biodiversity Impacts 105
Reserves Solve Biodiversity 106
Biodiversity Impact Uniqueness 107
Overfishing: Time Frame 108
Overfishing: Time Frame 109
Overfishing Causes Global Famine 110
Overfishing Causes Global Famine 111
Reserves solve overfishing 112
Reserves Solve Overfishing 113
Overfishing Causes Species Extinction 114
Answers to Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology 115
Answers to Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology 116
AT Economy Disadvantages: Protection Doesn’t Harm Economy 117
AT Economy Disadvantages: Protection Doesn’t Harm Economy 118
AT Political Disadvantages: Plan is Not Politically Controversial 119
Ocean Renewables MHK Aff Description 120
Ocean Renewables MHK 1AC 122
Ocean Renewables MHK Aff Extensions 132
Inherency Ext. 133
FY2015 budget reduced investment 134
Not widely deployed now 135
Solvency 136
Federal government investment is key 137
Federal investment leads to commercialization 139
Advantage One: Climate Change Extension 140
Solves energy security / meets electricity needs 141
Solves energy security / meets electricity needs 143
New investment is essential 144
Reducing emissions is key 145
Reduces fossil fuels / emissions 147
Fossil fuels for electricity causes huge emissions 149
Reduces fossil fuels / tidal energy 150
Impact Extension – Climate change 151
Biodiversity Advantage 153
Biodiversity Advantage 154
MHK technologies cause an “artificial reef” effect 156
Biodiversity Impacts - Oceans 157
Tidal Energy Good 158
Tidal power can displace fossil fuels 159
Wave Energy Good 160
Wave Energy – Clean and Effective 161
Wave Energy – Clean and Effective 162
A2: Case turns 163
A2: Collisions and displacement 164
A2: EMF / Noise pollution 166
A2: Disadvantages and CPs 167
A2: States CP/Federalism 168
A2: Studies CP 170
Kritik Answers 171
A2: Managerialism 172
Topicality Answers 174
A2: Topicality (development) 175
Ocean Global Health Disad 176
1NC Shell-UQ 177
1NC Shell- Development Link 178
1NC Shell- Exploration Link 179
1NC Shell- Impact 180
***UQ Ext.*** 181
UQ- Tipping Point 182
UQ- Tipping Point 183
UQ- Tipping Point 184
UQ- Structural 185
UQ- International Efforts Now 186
UQ- International Efforts Now 187
UQ- Whale Populations on Brink 188
***Link Ext.*** 189
Exploration- Sonar 190
Exploration- Sonar Kills Species 191
Exploration- Oil (Offshore Drilling) 192
Exploration- Natural Gas 193
Exploration/ Production (Oil/Gas)- Noise Pollution 194
Ships- Gotta Build More 195
Ships- Burn Dirty Fuel 196
Development- General 197
Development- Oil (Offshore Drilling) 198
Development- Oil (Offshore Drilling) 199
Geothermal 200
Tourism 201
***Impact Ext.*** 202
Whales- Environment- Species/ Climate Change 203
Whales- Environment- Laundry List 204
Whales- Economy 205
Overfishing/ Fish loss- A/T “Species Resilient” 206
Overfishing/ Species Loss- “Tipping Point” 207
Overfishing/ Shark Loss—Coral Reef 208
Coral Reef- Laundry List 209
Noise Pollution- Sonar 210
Noise Pollution- Sonar 211
Oil Production Kills Environment 212
Oil Production Kills Environment 213
Oil Production= Runaway Climate Change 214
Oil Production Kills Environment 215
Ocean Acidification= Species Loss 216
Ocean Acidification= Species Loss 217
Sea Level Rise 218
Sea Level Rise 219
Oceans Prevent Human Extinction/ Turns Economy 220
Oceans Prevent Human Extinction/ Turns Economy 221
Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 222
Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 223
Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 224
Oceans Prevent Human Extinction 225
Disad O/W Exploration 226
Climate Change= Human Extinction 227
Climate Change= Real/ Human Caused/ Extinction 228
***Random Section*** 229
A/T “Protected Zones Check Impact” 230
Offshore Drilling- Spills Inevitable 231
***Aff Answers*** 232
Link Turn- Exploration 233
Link Turn- Exploration 234
Link Turn- Exploration 235
A/T Climate Change- Ocean Specific 236
A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels 237
A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels/ Deforestation 238
A/T Climate Change- Inevitable 239
A/T Climate Change- No Extinction 240
A/T Climate Change- Adaptation Solves 241
A/T Coral Reef 242
A/T Coral Reef 243
A/T Coral Reef 244
A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 245
A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 246
A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 247
A/T Noise Pollution (General) 248
A/T Whales- Alt Causes 249
A/T Whales- No Link 250
A/T Whales- Populations Increasing/ Resilient 251
A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- History 252
A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- Natural Seeps Prove 253
Oceans Resilient- Species 254
Oceans Resilient- Microbes 255
Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 256
Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 257
No Human Extinction- Technology Checks 258
No Human Extinction- Adaptability 259
Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 260
Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 261
No UQ- Oceans Collapsing Now 262
Offshore Wind Aff Description 263
Offshore Wind 1AC 264
1AC 265
1AC 267
1AC 269
1AC 271
1AC 273
Offshore Wind Aff Extensions 274
Inherency Ext. 275
Oil Lobby Prevents Investment (Attitudinal) 276
ITC Not Extended Now 277
Advantage: Economic Growth Ext. 278
Jobs Internal Links 279
Manufacturing Sector Key 280
Winds Protects Against Billions in Damages 281
Coastal Population Growth Magnifies the Impacts 282
Uniqueness – Growth Minimal Now / U.S. Key 283
Impact Ext. 284
Advantage: Hurricanes Ext. 286
Worse Hurricanes Are Inevitable 287
Internal Links 290
Even Small Wind Farms Good 292
Impact Ext. – Biodiversity Internal Links 293
Impact Ext. – Biodiversity Impacts 295
Better Than Sea Walls 296
Advantage: Ocean Biodiversity Internal Links 297
Internal Links – Wind Farms Boost Biodiversity (General) 298
Internal Links (Habitats/Reef Effect) 299
Internal Links (Fish Stocks) 301
A2: Construction Hurts Biodiversity 303
A2: Avian Collisions 305
A2: Avian Collisions 306
A2: Noise Pollution 307
A2: Noise Pollution 308
Advantage: Climate Change Internal Links 310
Climate Change Internal Links 311
Solvency Ext. 313
Federal Action / ITC Key 314
Offshore wind has huge energy potential 316
Offshore wind displaces fossil fuels 318
A2: Technical Problems 319
A2: Case Turns 320
A2: General Case Turns 321
A2: Case Outweighs 322
A2: Ship Collisions 323
A2: Disadvantages and CPs 324
A2: Disadvantage / Turn Uniqueness 325
A2: Coal Disadvantages 326
A2: Politics – Bipartisan Support 327
A2: Agency CPs 328
A2: Agency CPs 329
UNCLOS Aff Description 330
UNCLOS 1AC 331
1AC - Arctic 332
1AC - Arctic 333
1AC - Arctic 334
1AC - China 335
1AC - China 336
1AC - China 337
UNCLOS Aff Extensions 338
Arctic Advantage 339
Arctic Conflict Coming 340
Arctic Conflict Coming 341
Arctic Conflict Impacts 342
Arctic Conflict Solvency 343
Arctic Environment Impact 344
Arctic Environment Impact – Food Wars 345
Arctic Environment Solvency 346
Arctic Hegemony Impact 347
China Advantage 348
China Conflict Coming 349
China Solvency 350
Other Advantages 351
Naval Power Projection 352
XT: Naval Power Projection 353
Trade 355
Offshore Mining 356
US Economy 357
AT: Economy DA 359
2AC AT: Econ DA 360
2AC AT: Econ DA 361
2AC AT: Sovereignty Link 362
1AR XT: Resource Access 363
AT: Burdensome Regulations 364
AT: Taxation/Re-Distribution 365
Other DA Answers 366
AT: Politics 367
AT: Sovereignty DA 368
AT: Counterplans 369
AT: UNCLOS Ratification Not Key to Resource Development 370
AT: Topicality 371
AT: Topicality - Development 372
China US Conflict DA - Aff Responses 373
Non Unique 374
Inevitable 376
No Link - Competition 377
No Link- Cooperative Development 379
No Link- Cooperative Development 380
Link Turn- Conservation Coop 381
AT: Chinese Soft Power 382
No Impact – US/China War 383
AT: Miscalculation 384
No Impact – Asian Conflict 385
Impact Turn- Chinese Ocean Domination Kills Env 386
Impact Turn- Chinese Ocean Domination Kills Env 387
China Alt Energy DA Aff Responses 388
No Chinese Alternative Energy 389
No Chinese Economic Growth 390
AT: Zero Sum 391
AT: Zero Sum 392
AT: Zero Sum 393
No Chinese Alternative Energy 394
AT: US China War 395
AT: US China War 397
China is Resilient 398
AT: China Key to Global Economy 399
Chinese Growth Unsustainble 400
Chinese Growth Unsustainable 401
Chinese Growth Unsustainable 402
US Alternative Energy Good 403
Fishing Industry DA Aff Responses 404
Uniqueness Answers – Fishing industry not strong now 405
Uniqueness Answers – Economy is Weak Now 406
Link Answers - Aquaculture 407
Link Answers - Marine Renewables 408
Link Answers – Marine Reserves/MPAs/No-Take zones 409
Link Answers – Marine Reserves/MPAs/No-Take zones 410
Link Answers – Marine Reserves/MPAs/No-Take zones 411
Link Answers – Offshore Wind 412
Link Answers – Offshore Wind 413
Link Answers – Regulations are Good 414
Link Answers – Regulations are Good 415
Impact Answers – No internal link 416
Impact Answers – Economic collapse does not lead to war 417
Impact Answers – Economic collapse does not lead to war 418
Impact Answers – No economic collapse 419
Economic Collapse Inevitable 420
Impact Answers – Economic growth is bad 421
Impact Answers – Economic growth is bad 422
Ocean Climate Change DA Aff Responses 423
Link Turn- Exploration 424
Link Turn- Exploration 425
Link Turn- Exploration 426
A/T Climate Change- Ocean Specific 427
A/T Climate Change- Ocean Specific 428
A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels 429
A/T Climate Change- Alt Cause- Fossil Fuels/ Deforestation 430
A/T Climate Change- Inevitable 431
A/T Climate Change- No Extinction 432
A/T Climate Change- Adaptation Solves 433
A/T Coral Reef 434
A/T Coral Reef 435
A/T Coral Reef 436
A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 437
A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 438
A/T Species Loss/ Overfishing 439
A/T Noise Pollution (General) 440
A/T Whales- Alt Causes 441
A/T Whales- No Link 442
A/T Whales- Populations Increasing/ Resilient 443
A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- History 444
A/T Oil Spills- Low Impact- Natural Seeps Prove 445
Oceans Resilient- Species 446
Oceans Resilient- Microbes 447
Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 448
Oceans Resilient- Radiation Proves 449
No Human Extinction- Technology Checks 450
No Human Extinction- Adaptability 451
Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 452
Alt Causes- Pollution Now/ Human Overpopulation 453
No UQ- Oceans Collapsing Now 454
EU CP- Aff Responses 455
2AC Perm 456
2AC EU Fails 457
No Solvency – Environmental Regs 458
No Solvency – Marine Biotech 459
No Solvency – Ocean Energy 460
Geoengineering CP Aff Responses 461
Geoengineering Fails 462
Geoengineering Fails 463
AT: Afforestation 465
AT: Iron Fertilization 466
AT: Aerosols 467
Seabasing CP Aff Responses 468
Seabasing Bad – Allied Freakout 469
Seabasing Bad – Intra-Military Conflict 470
Seabasing Fails 471
Seabasing Fails 472
CP Links to Politics 473
Eco Security Kritik Aff Responses 474
AT: Warming Disaster Reps Cause Apathy 475
AT: Environmental Disaster Reps Cause Militarism/Authoritarianism 477
AT: Local Movements Solve Warming 478
AT: Wish Away System 479
AT: Anthro 480
AT: Serial Policy Failure 481
AT: Structural Violence 482
AT: Liberal Internationalism is Flawed 483
AT: Environmental Securitization Bad 484
AT: Can’t Solve Warming With Security Mindset 485
AT: Warming Reps Cause Paralysis 486
Alt Fails 487
Alt Fails 488
Alt Fails 489
AT: Threat Con => War 490
AT: Security -> War 491
AT: Threat Con 492
AT: Alternative Solves Backlash 493
No Alternatives To Realism 494
AT: X is the Root Cause 495
Framework 496
Realism True 497
Realism True 498
Neolib Resilient 499
Ocean Management Kritik Aff Responses 500
Impact Answers 501
Impact Answers – Biopower 502
Impact Answers – Env. Securitization Good 504
Impact Answers – Standing Reserve 506
Managerialism Answers 507
Managerialism Answers – Luke is wrong/Alternative fails 508
Managerialism Answers – Luke is wrong/Economy Turn 510
Managerialism Answers - Good (General) 512
Managerialism Answers - Good (Fisheries/Famine turn) 514
Managerialism Answers - Good (Fisheries/Famine Extension) 515
Managerialism Answers - Good (Oceans) 516
Managerialism Answers - Good (MPAs/Marine Reserves) 518
Permutations 519
Permutation Solvency – Ocean Agency 520
Permutation Solvency – Environmental Pragmatism/Pluralism 521
Permutation Solvency – Environmental Pragmatism/Policy Key 523