What is Motor Control? The big picture



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tarix01.09.2018
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Lecture 1:


What is Motor Control?



The big picture...



Motor Behavior

  • An area of study stressing primarily the principles of human skilled movement generated at a behavioral level of analysis.



Motor Behavior:

  • Action

  • Perception

  • Cognition

  • Interaction of individual, task and environment.



Motor Control



Two main aspects of motor control:

  • Stabilizing the body in space, postural and balance control.

  • Moving the body in space, movement.



Motor Learning

  • A set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability of motor skill.



Motor Development

  • A field of study concerning the changes in motor bahavior occuring as a result of growth, maturation and experience.





Why should we study motor control?

  • Improving movement capability following injury to guide clinical intervention.

  • Improving motor performance.

  • Generating and building theory.



Theory vs. Model in Motor Control

  • A theory of motor control is a group of abstract ideas about the nature and cause of movement.



Theories of Motor Control



Reflex theory

  • The building blocks of complex behavior.

  • Sir Charles Sherrington, neurophisiologist (The Integrative Action of the Nervous System), 1906.

  • Classified the major responses to stimuli, and believed that most of the voluntary movements resulted from these fundamental reflexes.



Stimulus Response Response

  • Stimulus Response Response

  • Sensory receptor Effector(muscle)



Information processing model

  • Input

  • (Signals)

  • Processing

  • (The human)

  • Output

  • (Motor response)



Information processing model

  • Stimulus Stimulus Response Response Movement

  • (Input) iden. selection progra. output

  • REACTION TIME

  • THE HUMAN



Hierarchical Theory

  • Top - down structure

  • Reflexes are part of this hierarchy, normally higher centers inhibit them

  • (Chart to be scanned)

  • Motor control emerges from reflexes, later on integrated with higher control levels.

    • Limitations


Motor programming theories

  • Sensory input not essential to drive movement but important function in modulating it.

  • **Try for yourself (signature) demo.

  • Limitations



Dynamical Systems theory

  • Bernstein-characteristics of acting systems, external and internal forces.

  • Distributed model of motor control-no need for higher center of control.

  • Interaction of elements, physical and neural components.

  • Limitations





Parallel distributed processing theory.

  • Parallel distributed processing theory.

  • NS processes information in serial and parallel.

  • Limitations



Task oriented theories

  • Control of movement is organized around goal-directed functional behaviors such as walking or talking.

  • Limitations



Ecological theory.

  • How do we detect information in our environment that is important to our actions?

  • Limitations



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