Wltp-2013-019 Consolidated Draft gtr 12. 04. 2013 Running history of the consolidated draft gtr



Yüklə 1,89 Mb.
səhifə2/16
tarix12.01.2019
ölçüsü1,89 Mb.
#95311
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   16

POWERTRAIN

"BEV" means a vehicle powered solely by electricity provided by a battery;
"Bi-fuel gas(eous) vehicle" means a bi-fuel vehicle that can run on petrol and also on either LPG, NG/biomethane or hydrogen;
Bi-fuel vehicle” means a vehicle with a powertrain containing two separate fuel storage systems and a fuel delivery system transporting [forwarding] and that can run part-time on two different fuels and is designed to run on only one fuel at a time;

“Bi-Fuel Vehicle” means a vehicle (a) with a powertrain containing two separate fuel storage systems, each having a dedicated delivery system, and (b) which can run part-time on two different fuels but on only one fuel at a time;
"Combustion engine (CE)” means an energy converter with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible material;
Compression ignition engine” means an engine which uses the latent heat built up by compressing air inside a combustion chamber as the means for igniting fuel;

Compression ignition engine” means an engine in which combustion is initiated by heat produced from compression of the air in the cylinder or combustion space;


Drivetrain” means the connected elements of the powertrain, downstream of the final energy converter;
Dual-fuel vehicle” means a vehicle containing a fuel delivery system blending two different fuels taken from two separated fuel storage systems, where the consumed amount of one of the fuels relative to the other one may vary depending on operation.
Flex-fuel vehicle” means a vehicle with one fuel storage system containing a blended fuel;
Fuel storage system” means a refillable chemical energy storage system on board of the vehicle;

"Gaseous fuel system" means a system composed of gaseous fuel storage, fuel delivery, metering and control components fitted to an engine in order to allow the engine to run on LPG, CNG or hydrogen as a mono-fuel, bi-fuel or multi-fuel application;
Internal combustion engine” means an engine with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible material and which generates mechanical energy;

"Combustion engine (CE)” means an energy converter with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible material;


"Mechanical ReESS" means a system storing mechanical energy;
"Mono-fuel gaseous vehicle" means a mono-fuel vehicle that runs primarily on LPG,

NG/biomethane, or hydrogen but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes or for starting only, where the petrol tank does not contain more than [15] litres of petrol;


Mono-fuel vehicle” means a vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel;
Powertrain” means the combination of energy storage system(s), energy converter(s) and drivetrain(s), [for the purpose of vehicle propulsion]. Ancillary devices are not considered as devices for the purpose of vehicle propulsion;
Pure combustion engine (CE) vehicle” means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively combustion engines as energy converter.

OR: “Pure combustion engine (CE) vehicle” means a vehicle where all energy converters are combustion engines.


Rechargeable energy storage system (ReESS)” means a system storing energy carriers other than fuels;

GENERAL

Ambient condition test” means verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start during a test carried out at a set point 296 K with a tolerance of the actual value of ± 5 K and [5.5 ≤ H ≤ 12.2 g H2O/kg dry air];

Auxiliaries” are additional equipment and/or devices not required for vehicle operation;

"Catalytic converter" or "catalyst" means an emission pollution control device which converts toxic by-products of combustion in the exhaust of an engine to less toxic other substances by way of catalysed chemical reactions;


Default mode” means the mode in which the vehicle is started. All driver-selectable modes are deactivated with a key ON ignition event;

Default mode” means the mode in which the vehicle starts. All settings [buttons] must be deactivated with a new key ON ignition event;

Default mode” means a single mode which is always selected when the vehicle is switched on regardless of the operating mode selected when the vehicle was previously shut down. The default mode must not be able to be redefined by the customer/dealer;
Exhaust emissions" means emissions of gaseous and particulate species;
"Exhaust aftertreatment system" means a catalyst (oxidation or 3-way), particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter or any other emission-reducing device that is installed downstream of the engine. This definition excludes exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which is considered an integral part of the engine;
"Exhaust aftertreatment device or system" means any emission-reducing device or system that is installed downstream of the engine;
"Fuel consumption" means the amount of fuel consumed calculated by the carbon balance method;
"Gaseous emission species" means carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (e.g. hydrocarbons, non-methane hydrocarbons, methane), oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and ammonia;

"Gaseous emissions species" means carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen expressed in terms of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalence, and hydrocarbons (HC), assuming a ratio of:

C1H1.85 for petrol, C1H1.86 for diesel fuel;

"Gaseous emissions species" means carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and/or non-methane

hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1.85 for diesel, CH2.525 for LPG and CH2.93 for NG, and an assumed molecule CH3O0.5 for ethanol fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ratio of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen (expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent);

"Gaseous emissions species" means exhaust gas emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent and hydrocarbons (HC);


"Green house gas (GHG) emissions" means gases emitted from the propulsion that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation produced by solar warming of the Earth's surface;
"Kerb mass" means ………….
Mode” means a distinct driver-selectable condition that affects emissions, and fuel and energy consumption;
Positive ignition engine” means an engine in which combustion is initiated by a localised high temperature in the cylinder produced by energy supplied from a source external to the cylinder;
Reference conditions” with regards to calculating the mass of emissions means the conditions upon which gas densities are based, namely 101.33 kPa and 273.2 K;
"Tailpipe emissions" or "exhaust emissions" means the emission of gaseous species and particulate matter at the tailpipe of the vehicle;
"Useful life" means the relevant period of distance and/or time over which compliance with the relevant gaseous and particulate emission limits has to be assured;

PM/PN

Buoyancy correction” means correction of the PM mass measurement to account for the effect of filter buoyancy in air;

Particle number” means the total number of particles in the diluted exhaust gas; as measured using a particle number counter with inlet efficiency as specified in Annex 5, paragraph 4.3.1.3.4.(h) after it has been conditioned to remove volatile material, as described in Annex 5, paragraph 4.3.1.3.3.
"Particulate aftertreatment device" means an exhaust aftertreatment system designed to reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) through mechanical, aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation;
Particulate emissions" means components of the exhaust gas which are removed from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 325 K (52 °C) by means of filters;

"Particulate matter (PM)" means any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter;

"Particulate matter (PM)" means any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 293 K (20 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter;

"Particulate matter" means components of the exhaust gas which are removed from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 325 K (52 °C) by means of the filters described in the test procedure for verifying average tailpipe emissions;


Particulate matter weighing chamber” means a chamber used for the determination of the mass of filters;
Tare weight” means the weight of an empty vessel or container;
Weighing chamber” means a chamber used to determine the mass of filters;

CYCLE


Class 1 vehicles” means vehicles having a power to kerb mass ratio of ≤ 22 W/kg.
Class 2 vehicles” means vehicles having a power to kerb mass ratio of > 22 but ≤ 34 W/kg.
Class 3 vehicles” means vehicles having a power to kerb mass ratio of > 34 W/kg.
"High speed (nhi)" means the highest engine speed where 70 per cent of the maximum power occurs;
"Maximum power (Pmax)" means the maximum power of an engine in kW as specified by the manufacturer;
Maximum speed (vmax)” means the maximum speed of a vehicle as declared by the manufacturer (ECE-R 68) and not that which may be artificially restricted;

"Maximum vehicle speed (vmax)” is the maximum speed of the vehicle as declared by

the manufacturer, measured in accordance with European Union (EU) Directive 95/1/EC;
"Maximum torque speed" means the engine speed at which the maximum torque is

obtained from the engine as specified by the manufacturer;


Rated engine speed” means the rotational speed at which an engine develops maximum power;
Rated power” means the maximum engine power as declared by the manufacturer;
PROCEDURE

Continuous regeneration” means a regeneration of an anti-pollution device which occurs at least once per WLTP-DHC test and that has already regenerated at least once during the vehicle pre-conditioning cycle. Exhaust aftertreatment systems featuring continuous regeneration do not require a special test procedure.

"Continuous regeneration" means the regeneration process of an exhaust aftertreatment system that occurs either permanently or at least once per WHTC hot start test. Such a regeneration process will not require a special test procedure.

"Continuous regeneration" means the regeneration process of an exhaust aftertreatment system that occurs either in a sustained manner or at least once over the applicable transient test cycle or ramped-modal cycle; in contrast to periodic (infrequent) regeneration;


"deNOx system" means an exhaust aftertreatment system, such as passive and active lean NOx catalysts, NOx adsorbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (e.g.);
"Driver-selectable operating mode" mean any mode of operation which can be selected by the driver of the vehicle;
Multi-mode” means that more than one operating mode can be selected by the driver or automatically set;
"Multiplicative factor" means a number used to multiply the regeneration factor Ki for emissions species during periodic regeneration;

"Additive factor" means a unit of mass emissions added to the measured mass emissions during periodic regeneration;

"Multiplicative factor" means a factor used for adjusting emissions due to regeneration;

"Adjustment factors" mean additive (upward adjustment factor and downward

adjustment factor) or multiplicative factors to be considered during the periodic

(infrequent) regeneration;



"Adjustment factors" mean additive (upward adjustment factor and downward adjustment factor) or multiplicative factors to be considered during the periodic (infrequent) regeneration;

"Additive factor" means an additive factor to be considered during periodic (infrequent) regeneration;


"Periodic regeneration” means an anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards can be exceeded. If a regeneration of an anti-pollution device occurs at least once per Type I test and has already regenerated at least once during vehicle preparation cycle, it will be considered as a continuously regenerating system which does not require a special test procedure. Annex 6, Appendix I does not apply to continuously regenerating systems. At the request of the manufacturer, the test procedure specific to periodically regenerating systems will not apply to a regenerative device if the manufacturer provides data to the responsible authority that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, emissions remain below the standards applicable to the concerned vehicle category after agreement with the responsible technical authority;
"Periodic regeneration” means an anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that does not regenerate every WLTP-DHC test cycle, but requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. During cycles where periodic regeneration occurs, emission standards may be exceeded. Test procedures for exhaust aftertreatment systems featuring periodic regeneration are contained in Annex 6. At the request of the manufacturer, and subject to the agreement of the responsible technical authority, the test procedure specific to periodically regenerating systems will not apply to a regenerative device if the manufacturer provides data demonstrating that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, emissions remain below the emissions limits applied by the Contracting Party for the relevant vehicle category.
"Periodic regeneration" means the regeneration process of an exhaust aftertreatment system that occurs periodically in typically less than 100 hours of normal engine operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards may be exceeded.
"Periodic regeneration” means an anti-pollution device that does not regenerate every WLTP-DHC test cycle, but requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. During cycles where periodic regeneration occurs, emission standards may be exceeded.

***********************************************************************

PROPOSED DRAFT SECTION B.4.: SYMBOLS
4.1. General symbols


Symbol

Unit

Term










c

ppm/vol per cent

Concentration

C

Wh/km

Electric energy consumption


cb

ppm/vol per cent

Background concentration

ci

ppm/vol per cent

intake air concentration

Cb

particles/cm3

Dilution air or dilution tunnel particle number background concentration at standard conditions

Cd

-

Discharge coefficient of SSV

Ci

particles/cm3

Instantaneous particle number concentration



particles/cm3

Mean particle number concentration at standard conditions

d

km

WLTP-DHC cycle length z



particles/cm3

Mean particle number concentration prior to correction to standard conditions

Cb

particles/cm3

Dilution air or dilution tunnel particle number background concentration at standard conditions

CD




Charge-depleting

Cd




Aerodynamic drag coefficient

CS




Charge-sustaining

d

m

Diameter

dV

m

Throat diameter of venturi

D0

m3/s

PDP calibration intercept

DF

-

Dilution factor

t

s

Time interval










EE

per cent

Ethane efficiency










EM

per cent

Methane efficiency

ENOx

per cent

Efficiency of NOx converter

f

Hz

Data sampling rate



-

Mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover at the setting used for the emissions test



-

Mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover at the setting used for background measurements z

Ha

g/kg

Absolute humidity of the intake air

Hd

g/kg

Absolute humidity of the dilution air

i

-

Subscript denoting an instantaneous measurement (e.g. 1 Hz)

k

-

Particle number counter calibration factor z

kf

-

Fuel specific factor

KH,D

-

Humidity correction factor for NOx for CI engines

KH,G

-

Humidity correction factor for NOx for PI engines

kr

-

Regeneration factor

KV

-

CFV calibration function



-

Excess air ratio







replace all masses by standard volumetric conditions

n

-

Number of measurements

N

particles / km

Particle number emissionsz

nr

-

Number of measurements during regeneration

n

min-1

Engine rotational speed

np

r/s

PDP pump speed

pa

kPa

Saturation vapour pressure of engine intake air

pb

kPa

Total atmospheric pressure

pp

kPa

Absolute pressure

qmCp

kg/s

Carbon mass flow rate in the partial flow dilution system







replace all masses by standard volumetric conditions

qvCVS

m³/s

CVS volume rate

qvs

dm³/min

System flow rate of exhaust analyser system

rd

-

Dilution ratio

rD

-

Diameter ratio of SSV

rh

-

Hydrocarbon response factor of an FID

rm

-

Methane response factor of an FID

re

-

Ethanol response factor of an FID

rp

-

SSV pressure ratio

rs

-

Average sample ratio



kg/m³

Density

ρa

kg/m³

Air density, kg/m3z

e

kg/m³

Exhaust gas density

ρf

kg/m³

Particulate sampling filter density

ρw

kg/m³

Balance calibration weight density z



-

Standard deviation

T

K

Absolute temperature

T

s

WLTP-DHC cycle duration z




Ta

K

Absolute temperature of the intake air

Ta

K

air temperature in the balance environment z

t

s

Time

t10

s

Time between step input and 10 per cent of final reading

t50

s

Time between step input and 50 per cent of final reading

t90

s

Time between step input and 90 per cent of final reading

V

litres per test

Total volume of dilute exhaust gas per test (after primary dilution only in the case of double dilution) at standard conditions z

Vep

dm³

Volume of diluted exhaust passed through the particulate filter at standard conditons z

V0

m3/r

PDP gas volume pumped per revolution

Vs

dm³

System volume of exhaust analyzer bench

Vsed

dm³

volume of diluted exhaust gases, under standard conditions,

Vsed indicated

dm³

measured volume of diluted exhaust gas in the dilution system following extraction of particulate sample under standard conditions

Vsep

dm³

volume of diluted exhaust gas flowing through particulate filter under standard conditions

Vset

dm³

Volume of double diluted exhaust passed through the particulate filter at standard conditions

Vssd

dm³

Volume of double dilution air at standard conditions z

X0

m3/r

PDP calibration function

Symbols and abbreviations for fuel composition




wALF

hydrogen content of fuel, per cent mass

wBET

carbon content of fuel, per cent mass

wGAM

sulphur content of fuel, per cent mass

wDEL

nitrogen content of fuel, per cent mass

wEPS

oxygen content of fuel, per cent mass

referring to a fuel CHONS

Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components




C1

Carbon 1 equivalent hydrocarbon

CH4

Methane

C2H6

Ethane

HCHO

Formaldehyde

CH3CHO

Acetaldehyde

C2H5OH

Ethanol

C3H8

Propane

CO

Carbon monoxide

CO2

Carbon dioxide

DOP

Di-octylphtalate

THC

Total hydrocarbons (All compounds measurable by an FID)

NMNEOG

Non-methane, non-ethanol organic gases

H2O

Water

NMHC

Non-methane hydrocarbons

NOx

Oxides of nitrogen

NO

Nitric oxide

NO2

Nitrogen dioxide

N2O

Nitrous oxide

NH3

Ammonia

PM

Particulate matter






Abbreviations




CFV

Critical Flow Venturi

CLD CLA

Chemiluminescent Detector /Analyser

CVS

Constant Volume Sampling

deNOx

NOx aftertreatment system

DOP

Di-octylphtalate z

ECD

Electron Capture Detector

EGR

Exhaust gas recirculation

ET

Evaporation Tube z

FID

Flame Ionization Detector

FTIR

Fourier Tansform Infrared Analyser

GC

Gas Chromatograph

HCLD

Heated Chemiluminescent Detector

HEPA

High Efficiency Particulate Air (filter) z

HFID

Heated Flame Ionization Detector

HPLC

High Pressure Liuid Chromatography

LDS

LoD

LoQ

Laser Diode Spectrometer

Limit of detection

Limit of quantification

LPG

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

NDIR

Non-Dispersive Infrared (Analyser)

NDUVR

Non-Dispersive Ultraviolet Resonance Absorbtion

NG

Natural Gas

NMC

Non-Methane Cutter

PAO

Poly-alpha-olefin

PCF

Particle pre-classifier z

PDP

Positive Displacement Pump

Percent FS

Per cent of full scale

PFS

Partial Flow System

PM

Particulate matter

PN

Particle number

PNC

Particle Number Counter

PND1

first Particle Number Dilution device

PND2

second Particle Number Dilution device

PTS

Particle Transfer System

PTT

Particle Transfer Tube z

QCL-IR

Infra-Red Quantum Cascade Laser

SSV

Subsonic Venturi

VGT

Variable Geometry Turbine

USM

Ultra-Sonic Flow Meter

VPR

Volatile Particle Remover z


Yüklə 1,89 Mb.

Dostları ilə paylaş:
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   16




Verilənlər bazası müəlliflik hüququ ilə müdafiə olunur ©muhaz.org 2024
rəhbərliyinə müraciət

gir | qeydiyyatdan keç
    Ana səhifə


yükləyin