Youth problems

Writing emails
We can all agree that emails are one of the most convenient and widely used forms of communication today. They are fast and efficient, but only when done right.
If you need to write formal emails often, it's easy to get overwhelmed, especially for non-native speakers, trying to stay polite, choose an appropriate greeting, and not convey your initial message the wrong way. It’s hard to accomplish this all at the same time.
Of course, you can use email templates available online when you need to write one. However, getting a clear understanding of an appropriate email structure - the one thing that differentiates a business email from a casual one - will allow you to be sure that every future email you'll write will be appropriate and help you impress even native English speakers.
So without further ado, let's learn how to write emails in English. Let's go over every section you should include in your email, along with the markers that will help you make it sound formal - or casual if that's what you’re going for. Read on - and become a pro in email writing.
Usually, the subject of an email is located immediately below the recipient's email address. When writing an email, you should not ignore this part because the subject is the first part of the information that the recipient will see.
It is crucial to include a subject line in business correspondence because it tells the recipient the main reason for your letter and may also affect whether it will be read or not. Most people, after opening their mailbox, quickly scan the subject lines to prioritize emails - or delete the ones they find unnecessary.
A well-composed subject line should be short but specific enough to reflect the main idea of the following conversation. Most preferably, it should contain a keyword that will help the recipient to remember the subject and then easily find it among other business emails when needed.
Here are a few examples of how a subject line should look in a formal letter, particularly regarding the dates:

Meeting 9 am on Tuesday, the 25th of July - When you want to notify your colleagues about an upcoming meeting and share more details regarding its agenda.

CV for [Job Title] - It is essential to ensure it is easy for potential employers to find your email when applying for a new job. You should also include your full name and ID if applicable.
Follow Up: Job Interview / Event / Presentation - When you want to share your thoughts or further information regarding a recent meeting, event, presentation, etc.
In an informal email, for example, in a casual letter to a close friend, you should also specify the text's main idea but you can do so less formally.
Salutation is the first line of a formal email that addresses the person you're writing to and serves as a greeting. The salutation you will use will vary depending on how well you know the person you're addressing. In business correspondence, it is preferable to use:
Dear Mr. Smith, - This can be used when you address a particular man.
Dear Ms. Smith, - As a rule of thumb, do not use Miss or Mrs to address women, since it is not always known whether she is married or not.
Dear Sir or Madam, - Used if you know neither the name nor the job title of the person you are addressing. These kinds of salutation might not be the best choice, considering how easily you can check a person's full name and correct job title online. However, if you cannot find more information about the recipient and haven't met them, these salutations are perfectly acceptable and allow you to avoid inconvenience caused by misgendering someone.
To whom it may concern: - A perfectly acceptable phrase if you don't know who can answer your letter at all - for example, when writing an email to a company's corporate email instead of addressing it to an actual human being.
Dear [Job Title], - This can be used as an alternative to "To Whom It May Concern" if you know the title of the person you hope to contact.
Dear partners, / Dear managers, / Dear colleagues, etc. - Used when referring to a group of people.


Navoiy
Navoiy (Uzbek pronunciation: [nævɒij]), also spelled Navoi, is a city and the capital of Navoiy Region in the southwestern part of Uzbekistan. Administratively, it is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Tinchlik. It is located at latitude 40° 5' 4N; longitude 65° 22' 45E, at an altitude of 382 meters. The city is named after Ali-Shir Nava'i. As of 2020, its population was 144,158 inhabitants.
Originally known as Kermine (or Karmana) under the Emirate of Bukhara, the city was re-founded in 1958, under the name of the great Uzbek poet and statesman Alisher Navoi, who wrote in Persian and Chaghatai at the court of Emir Husein Boykara (or Husayn Bayqaro) in Herat.
Even though the town is very young, it has rich history in this area and its surroundings. The Great Silk Road went through these countries in ancient times. The archeological researches in the area have also produced findings of numerous traces of Ancient Saki, Khorezm and Baktriya cultures.
Government
List of hokims (governors) of Navoiy City
No. Hokim Took office Left office Ref.
1 Bahodir Joʻrayev 2013
2 Neʼmatillo Axatov 2013 2017
3 Umarbek Xalilov 2017 2020
4 Muxiddin Bazarov 2020 Incumbent
5 Ergashev Dilmurod 2023
Population
Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
2001 138,082 —
2005 125,500 −2.36%
2007 125,800 +0.12%
2015 133,540 +0.75%
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
2016 133,526 −0.01%
2017 134,113 +0.44%
2018 135,548 +1.07%
2019 136,374 +0.61%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues.
The Rabati Malik is a heavily fortified 11th century caravanserai built by the Karakhanid ruler Abu’l Hasan Shams al Mulk Nasr to protect Silk Road merchants, their animals, and trade goods at night.The building is on UNESCO’s Tentative List for World Heritage Site status, along with Sardoba Malik, the domed reservoir which supplied the caravanserai with water.Rabati Malik is largely in ruins due to an earthquake in 1968, but the 12m high portal still stands and has been partially restored, as has the reservoir dome. The portal is decorated with carved terracotta, including eight-pointed stars and Arabic calligraphy.
The Deggaroniy Mausoleum is the burial place of the theologian Mavlono Orif Deggaroniy (1313–76), teacher of Khoja Bahauddin Naqshbandi It is a simple mud brick building with low domes, and is a place of pilgrimage for Naqshbandi Sufis.
The Mir Said Bakhrom Mausoleum is a simple brick built mausoleum dating from the 11th century. The building is an important architectural prototype, with certain similarities to the Samanid Mausoleum in Bukhara.The portal is decorated with a Kufic inscription made from raised bricks, and the saint’s grave is covered with marble. The building is on UNESCO’s Tentative List for World Heritage Site status.
Interior of the Kosim Sheikh Mausoleum in Navoiy, Uzbekistan
The Kasim Sheikh complex was built in the 16th century by Abdulla Khan, Emir of Bukhara, as a khanagha, a hostel for wandering Sufi holy men.[10] The mosque at the khanagha is now used as Navoi’s main mosque, but it is open to the public. There is an attractive turquoise dome and majolica tile work on the exterior of the building, and the interior is painted in geometric patterns in shades of blue.
SUCCESS
Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations. It may be viewed as the opposite of failure. The criteria for success depend on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a success what another person considers a failure, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. Similarly, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a success, another might consider to be a failure, a qualified success or a neutral situation. For example, a film that is a commercial failure or even a box-office bomb can go on to receive a cult following, with the initial lack of commercial success even lending a cachet of subcultural coolness.
It may also be difficult or impossible to ascertain whether a situation meets criteria for success or failure due to ambiguous or ill-defined definition of those criteria. Finding useful and effective criteria, or heuristics, to judge the failure or success of a situation may itself be a significant task.
DeVitis and Rich link the success to the notion of the American Dream. They observe that "[t]he ideal of success is found in the American Dream which is probably the most potent ideology in American life"and suggest that "Americans generally believe in achievement, success, and materialism." Weiss, in his study of success in the American psyche, compares the American view of success with Max Weber's concept of the Protestant work ethic.
Natural selection is the variation in successful survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularized the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which in his view is intentional, whereas natural selection is not. As Darwin phrased it in 1859, natural selection is the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".The concept was simple but powerful: individuals best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. As long as there is some variation between them and that variation is heritable, there will be an inevitable selection of individuals with the most advantageous variations. If the variations are heritable, then differential reproductive success leads to a progressive evolution of particular populations of a species, and populations that evolve to be sufficiently different eventually become different species.
A student's success within an educational system is often expressed by way of grading. Grades may be given as numbers, letters or other symbols. By the year 1884, Mount Holyoke College was evaluating students' performance on a 100-point or percentage scale and then summarizing those numerical grades by assigning letter grades to numerical ranges. Mount Holyoke assigned letter grades A through E, with E indicating lower than 75% performance. The A–E system spread to Harvard University by 1890. In 1898, Mount Holyoke adjusted the grading system, adding an F grade for failing (and adjusting the ranges corresponding to the other letters). The practice of letter grades spread more broadly in the first decades of the 20th century. By the 1930s, the letter E was dropped from the system, for unclear reasons.
Educational systems themselves can be evaluated on how successfully they impart knowledge and skills. For example, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years.
Carol Dweck, a Stanford University psychologist, primarily researches motivation, personality, and development as related to implicit theories of intelligence, her key contribution to education the 2006 book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Dweck's work presents mindset as on a continuum between fixed mindset (intelligence is static) and growth mindset (intelligence can be developed). Growth mindset is a learning focus that embraces challenge and supports persistence in the face of setbacks.