Hercules was the son of the god and the mortal woman Alcmene. Because her husband had had an affair, the goddess hated Hercules even before he was born
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- Overview of Hercules
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MYTHOLOGY FORM 5
Contents
0.Introduction Hercules was the son of the god ______________ and the mortal woman Alcmene. Because her husband had had an affair, the goddess __________ hated Hercules even before he was born. Soon after he was born, she sent two _____________ to kill Hercules but he ______________ them. He grew up, got married, had kids, and then the goddess decided to cause trouble. Hercules had an anger management issue anyway – he was a bit like The Incredible ____________ – but she cheated and sent him _______. He ended up killing his own ________________. As a punishment, he had to do __________ labours for his cousin, Eurystheus, king of Mycenae. As we’ll see, he ends up having to do two more labours than this. ten children mad snakes strangled Hera Hulk Zeus The Labours:
1.The Nemean Lion Fill in the blanks with the correct words. The lion was terrorising people living near Nemea. It was huge, vicious, and hungry. It lived in a ____________ with two _______________________. Hercules immediately ___________________ one of the entrances and lured the beast out of the one remaining entrance. He tried firing _____________ at it, but they just _________________ off the animal. He slashed at it with his ___________________, but this had no effect either. He whacked it with his __________, and this just bounced off. Ah! Hercules realised that it had a ________________________ hide. So he grabbed the huge animal and started to ______________ with it. The animal snapped at him and bit off his little ________________. He struggled with it for ages but eventually he managed to ________________ it to death. He then cut off the lion’s skin with its own __________________ and used the skin as a _________________. sword claw bulletproof cave entrances blocked arrows bounced cloak wrestle finger strangle club
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3. Hercules ends up having to ____ it (think of WWF) 5. the lion's cave had ___ entrances 8. from then on, Hercules always wore a ____ 9. he cuts off the animal's hide with a ___ he takes from its foot 11. the animal is called the ___ Lion 12. he tracks the animal to a ___ 13. Hercules shows great ___ - a normal man would be too weak Down
1. animal bites off one of Hercules' _______ 2. Hercules _____ it to death in the end 4. the big fierce animal Hercules has to kill 6. Hercules ___ one of the entrances to the cave 7. the animal's ____ is impenetrable (bullet-proof) 10. Hercules shoots it with his ____ 12. Hercules whacks it with his ____
2. The Lernaean Hydra Fill in the blanks. Use the words given underneath. The Lernaean Hydra was a giant ____________________ that lived in the middle of a _______________. It slept in a ____________ on a dry bit of land in the middle. It was enormous, and it had _______________ heads. It also had really ___________________________ breath that could kill you, and of course had a nasty bite. Hercules reckoned he might need a bit of help on this task so he brought along his cousin _______________, who drove the chariot for him and parked it up. Hercules fired burning _____________ into the cave, and the Hydra came lurching out, hissing and being scary. Hercules wasn’t scared. He ran towards it, held his breath, drew his _____________ and chop! Off came a head. But, oh no… pop! Pop! ______________ new heads grew from where the other one was cut off. Hercules tried again: slice! Pop! Pop! So he tried his club – crunch! Oh no, pop, pop again… The Hydra’s heads were turning into a crowd… Then he had a bright idea. He called his cousin over, and told him to get a burning ______________, and to put this on the severed neck. This would __________________ the wound – seal it up. So now it went slice – sizzle – and – yes! – no pop pop! The heads weren’t growing back… Hera saw this and sent a giant ________________ to attack Hercules from behind, but he just grabbed his ________ and went thump crunch – he smacked it on the head and crushed it with one blow. Back to the Hydra… Hercules worked his way through all the heads, until he came to the last one, which was ________________. This one he _______________ under a huge rock. Then he took his arrows and dipped them in the _________________ of the Hydra, which made them very poisonous. King Eurystheus didn’t count this as a labour because Hercules had ___________ from Iolaus. blood snake two cave cauterise crab club arrows immortal buried nine swamp Iolaus torch sword help
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Across 3. Iolaus uses a burning _____ 6. the last head is ______ - it won't die 7. the monster has deadly ______ 9. Hercules ____ the last head 11. the monster has a lair - a ____ 13. the monster is based in a sticky _____ 14. Hercules dips his arrows in the monster's _____ Down
1. Hercules gets help from his cousin _____ 
2. each time he cuts a head, two ___ back 4. number of heads on monster (in this version it's a multiple of five) 5. Hercules tries to smash the heads with his ___ 7. his cousin uses fire to ___ the neck where each head is severed 10. Eurystheus says this labour doesn't count because Hercules got ___ 12. Hera sends a giant ____ against Hercules 13. Hercules tries to cut the heads off with his ___
3. The Hind of Ceryneia This was a tricky one. ‘Hind’ is another name for a ______________, and this one was sacred to ________________, the goddess of the hunt. If Hercules ______________ it, he would get punished by the goddess, and he was told to bring it ___________ back to the king. The hind was incredibly fast and Hercules chased it all over the place, up to the snowy parts of the world and back again. In the end, he did a very clever and risky thing – he fired an _________ and aimed it exactly between the ______________ of the animal. This _____________ up the animal, and he then pounced on it, tied it up, and carried it back to the king. He then ________________ it. Artemis released tripped arrow unharmed killed deer legs 4. The Erymanthian Boar Hercules was sent after a lot of nasty animals! Boars are basically wild pigs so how can one be dangerous? Well, they have nasty sharp _____________ which can rip your stomach open easily. And this one was seriously psycho. It terrorised the neighbourhood around Mount Erymanthus and anyone who tried to kill it got killed. And Hercules had to bring it back __________________, which made it harder. He tried to trap it in ___________ but its razor sharp tusks just cut through them. Eventually, during the winter, he forced it off a ______________ and got it stuck in a ___________________. It was easy then to tie it up and carry it back. cliff unharmed tusks snowdrift nets 5. The Augean Stables POO! King Augeas had a massive herd of cows. There were __________ cows. And he was lazy – he never got anyone to clean up. They hadn’t been cleaned for _________ years. So they were buried deep in ________. Hercules went to King Augeas, and without telling anything about Eurystheus, said that he would clean out the stables in one _________, if Augeas would give him a ____________ of his fine cattle. Augeas couldn't believe his ears, but promised. Hercules brought Augeas's _________ along to watch. First the hero tore a big opening in the _______________ of the cattle-yard where the stables were. Then he made another opening in the wall on the opposite side of the yard. Next, he dug wide trenches to two _____________ which flowed nearby. He turned the course of the rivers into the yard. The rivers rushed through the stables, _______________ them out, and all the mess flowed out the hole in the wall on other side of the yard. The skinflint king refused to pay him, so Hercules ____________ him and took the cattle anyway. He put the king’s son in charge of the city.
30 poo tenth day rivers wall son killed paid flushing 3000 Extension_______________________________________________________________________________________ Was Eurystheus right to discount this labour? Justify your answer. _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The Stymphalian Birds – circle the correct answers After Hercules returned the Augean stables, Eurystheus came up with an even more difficult task. For the sixth Labour, Hercules was to drive away an enormous flock of [rabbits/sheep/birds] which gathered at a [lake/beach/pub] near the town of Stymphalos. Now, this sounds easy enough. Chase away birds? Not exactly scary. BUT these weren’t ordinary birds. They were [friendly/deadly/ugly] because they had razor-sharp bronze [beaks/teeth/swords] and deadly [bronze/iron/wooden] feathers, which they would fire at any nearby humans. They were quite keen on the taste of human [food/fingernails/flesh]. There were also a LOT of them. How do you scare away a whole flock? Hercules jumped up and down and shouted, and even fired [bananas/bullets/arrows] at them too, but that only scared a few birds away. The goddess Athena came to his aid, giving him a pair of bronze krotala, noisemaking clappers similar to [trumpets/drums/castanets]. These were no ordinary noisemakers. They had been made by an immortal craftsman, [Hephaistos/Hermes/Poseidon], the god of the forge. Climbing a nearby [tree/mountain/temple], Hercules clashed the krotala loudly, scaring the birds out of the trees, then shot them with bow and arrow, or possibly with a slingshot, as they took flight. 7. The Cretan Bull After the complicated business with the Stymphalian Birds, Hercules easily disposed of the Cretan Bull. At that time, ____________, King of Crete, controlled many of the islands in the seas around Greece, and was such a powerful ruler that the Athenians sent him tribute every year. There are many bull stories about Crete. Zeus, in the shape of a bull, had carried Minos' mother Europa to Crete, and the Cretans were fond of the sport of bull-leaping, in which contestants grabbed the horns of a bull and were thrown over its back. Minos himself, in order to prove his claim to the throne, had promised the sea-god Poseidon that he would _____________ whatever the god sent him from the sea. Poseidon sent a bull, but Minos thought it was too ____________________ to kill, and so he sacrificed another bull. Poseidon was furious with Minos for breaking his promise. In his anger, he made the bull rampage all over Crete, and caused Minos' wife Pasiphae to fall in love with the _______. As a result, Pasiphae gave birth to the Minotaur, a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man. Minos had to shut up this beast in the Labyrinth, a huge maze underneath the palace, and every year he fed it prisoners from Athens. When Hercules got to __________, he easily ____________ the bull to the ground and drove it back to King Eurystheus. Eurystheus let the bull go _______. It wandered around Greece, ___________________ the people, and ended up in Marathon, a city near Athens. sacrifice wrestled ground free terrorizing Crete Minos bull beautiful 8. The Horses of Diomedes Eurystheus next sent him to get the ___________ of Diomedes, the king of a Thracian tribe, and bring them back to him in Mycenae. As usual, there was a twist in the tail. The horses were _________________________. They were fed on the flesh of ______________. Diomedes was not a nice man. Hercules sailed with a band of ____________ across the Aegean to Thrace. There he and his companions overpowered the ____________ who were tending the horses, and drove them to the sea. But by the time he got there, the Thracians had realized what had happened, and they sent a band of soldiers to recapture the animals. To free himself to fight, Hercules gave the horses to a youth named Abderos. Unfortunately, the horses ____________ young Abderos. Meanwhile Hercules fought the Thracians, captured Diomedes, and _________ him to the horses. The hero took the mares back to Eurystheus, but Eurystheus set them free. fed ate sea volunteers man-eaters horses humans grooms 9. The Belt of Hippolyte For the ninth labour, Eurystheus ordered Hercules to bring him the ________ of ____________________________ [Hip-POLLY-tee]. This was no ordinary belt and no ordinary warrior. Hippolyte was queen of the ________________, a tribe of __________________ warriors. These Amazons had nothing to do with the Amazon river in South America. Their name supposedly comes from a Greek word meaning "missing one _______________." This is because an Amazon's right breast got in the way when she threw a spear. Would they really chop something off just so they could throw better? The Amazons lived apart from men, and if they ever gave birth to children, they kept only the females and reared them to be warriors like themselves. Queen Hippolyte had a special piece of armour. It was a leather belt that had been given to her by ____________, the war god, because she was the best ________________ of all the Amazons. She wore this belt across her chest and used it to carry her sword and spear. Eurystheus wanted Hippolyte's belt as a present to give to his ____________________, and he sent Hercules to bring it back. Hercules' _________ realized that the hero could not fight against the whole Amazon army by himself, so they joined with him and set sail in a single ship. After a long journey, they reached the land of the Amazons and put in at the harbour. When Hercules and the Greeks got off the boat, Hippolyte came down to visit them. She asked Hercules why he had come, and when he told her, she was _____________ to give him the belt. She rather fancied him. But the goddess ______________ knew that the arrival of Hercules meant nothing but trouble for the Amazons. Disguised as an Amazon warrior, Hera went up and down the army saying to each woman that the strangers who had arrived were going to ____________ the queen. So the Amazons put on their armour. The women warriors charged on horseback down to the ship. But when Hercules saw that they were wearing their armour and were carrying their weapons, he knew that he was under attack. Thinking fast, he drew his sword and _____________ Hippolyte. Then he undid her belt and took it away from her. Hercules and the Greeks fought the rest of the Amazons in a great battle. When the enemy had been driven off, Hercules sailed away. After a stopover at the city of Troy, Hercules returned to Mycenae, and he gave the belt to Eurystheus. Hippolyte killed women belt Hera murder breast friends daughter warrior Extension _______________________________________________________________________________________ Write a newspaper article about the visit of Hercules – from the point of view of an Amazonian warrior. 10. The Cattle of Geryon To complete his tenth labour, Hercules had to journey to the _______________ end of the world. Eurystheus ordered the hero to bring him the cattle of the monster _______________. It seems that Geryon had three _________ all joined at the waist, and only _____ pair of legs. Not easy to walk, but handy in a battle – _____ hands! Geryon lived on an island called Erythia, which was near the boundary of Europe and Africa, probably the Canary Islands nowadays. On this island, Geryon kept a herd of red _____________ guarded by Cerberus’ brother, Orthus, a two-headed _______________, and the herdsman Eurytion. Hercules set off on for Erythia, and he came to the place where Libya met Europe. Here Hercules built two massive mountains, one in Europe and one in Libya, to commemorate his extensive journey. Other accounts say that Hercules split one mountain into two. Either way, these mountains became known as the Gates or Pillars of Hercules. The strait Hercules made when he broke the mountain apart is now called the Strait of Gibraltar, between Spain and Morocco, the gateway from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. Sailing in a ___________ [cup] which the __________-god gave him in admiration, Hercules reached the __________ of Erythia. Not long after he arrived, Orthus, the two-headed dog, attacked Hercules, so Hercules bashed him with his ________. Eurytion followed, with the same result. Another herdsman in the area reported these events to Geryon. Just as Hercules was escaping with the cattle, Geryon attacked him. Hercules fought with him and dealt with him easily – he fired three ______________________, one into each _________, and that was it, Geryon was dead. western goblet bodies one club island cattle dog Sun arrows body six Geryon
Was he right to kill Geryon? Was Geryon really a baddie? ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
11. The Apples of the Hesperides Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Part 1
Poor Hercules! After eight years and one month, after performing ten superhuman labors, he was still not off the hook. Eurystheus demanded two more labors from the hero, since he did not count the Hydra or the Augean Stables as properly done. Eurystheus ordered Hercules to bring him golden apples which belonged to Zeus, king of the gods. The goddess ____________ had given these apples to Zeus as a wedding gift, so surely this task was impossible. She didn't want to see Hercules succeed, so surely she would never permit him to steal one of her prize possessions… These apples were kept in a ____________ at the northern edge of the world, and they were guarded not only by a hundred-headed ________________, named Ladon, but also by the Hesperides, ____________ who were daughters of Atlas, the titan who held the sky and the earth upon his shoulders. Also, the place was surrounded by an enormous _________________ that was too high for any mortal to climb. Hercules' first problem was that he didn't know where the garden was. He journeyed through Libya, Egypt, Arabia, and Asia, having adventures along the way. He was stopped by Kyknos, the son of the war god, Ares, who demanded that Hercules fight him. After the fight was broken up by a thunderbolt, Hercules continued on to Illyria, where he seized the sea-god ___________, who knew the garden's secret location. Nereus transformed himself into all kinds of shapes, like a lion, bear, even fire and water, trying to escape, but Hercules held tight and didn't release Nereus until he got the information he needed. Continuing on his quest, Hercules was stopped by Antaeus, the son of the sea god, Poseidon, who also challenged Hercules to fight. Hercules defeated him in a wrestling match, lifting him off the ground and crushing him, because when Antaeus touched the earth he became stronger. Hercules came to the rock on Mount Caucasus where the titan __________________ was chained. This titan was a trickster who made fun of the gods and stole the secret of fire from them, and was sentenced by Zeus to a horrible fate. He was bound to the mountain, and every day a monstrous eagle came and ate his __________, pecking away at his tortured body. After the eagle flew off, Prometheus' liver grew back, and the next day he had to endure the eagle's painful visit all over again. This went on for 30 years, until Hercules showed up and killed the eagle. liver Prometheus garden Nereus dragon wall nymphs Hera Part 2
In gratitude, Prometheus told Hercules the secret to getting the apples. He would have to send the ____________ Atlas after them, instead of going himself. Atlas hated holding up the ________ and the earth. He agreed to go and fetch the apples for Hercules, as long as Hercules took on his sky-burden. Everything happened as Prometheus had predicted, and Atlas went to get the _________ while Hercules was stuck in Atlas's place. In one version he does Atlas a favour and shoots the dragon from a distance with his _________. He then agreed to hold the sky up while Atlas went to get the apples. When Atlas returned with the golden apples, he told Hercules he would take them to Eurystheus himself, and asked Hercules to stay there and hold the heavy load for the rest of time. Hercules slyly agreed, but asked Atlas whether he could _________ it back again, just for a moment, while the hero put some soft padding on his shoulders to help him bear the weight of the sky and the earth. Atlas put the apples on the ground, and lifted the burden onto his own ___________________. And so Hercules picked up the apples and quickly ran off, carrying them back, uneventfully, to Eurystheus. There was one final problem: because they belonged to the____________, the apples could not remain with Eurystheus. After all the trouble Hercules went through to get them, he had to return them to Athena, who took them back to the garden at the western edge of the world. arrows apples take sky gods shoulders titan Extension_______________________________________________________________________________________ 1.In your books, write an account of the funny bit where Hercules tricks Atlas into putting the sky back on his shoulders. Remember, Atlas is pretty dumb, Hercules is pretty clever. 2.Draw a cartoon of Hercules wrestling with Nereus, and do several pictures – remember Nereus turns into a lion, snake, bear, water, and fire! 3.Draw a picture of the Garden of the Hesperides. Include the tree, golden apples, high wall, nymphs, dragon guarding the apples, and in the background, Atlas holding up the sky.
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4. the apples are kept in the Garden of the ___ 8. the apples are sacred to ___ 9. Hercules has to ___ (WWF) the sea god to get directions 10. Titan who holds up the sky 11. the apples are guarded by Ladon, a d___ with 100 heads 13. the garden is also guarded by n___ Down 1. this garden has unclimbable ___ around it 2. the sea god can ___ into anything - a lion, water, fire... 3. In one version, Hercules has to find Nereus, a ___ god 5. Hercules holds up the ___ on his shoulders while the Titan goes picking 6. He rescues Prometheus from an eagle that eats his liver, so Prometheus gives him ___ to the apples 7. Hercules ___ the guardian of the apples with his arrows 12. Hercules told to get Golden ___     
12. Cerberus The most dangerous labour of all was the twelfth and final one. Eurystheus ordered Hercules to go to the Underworld, also known as ____________, and kidnap the beast called _____________________. Eurystheus must have been sure Hercules would never succeed at this impossible task! The ancient Greeks believed that after a person died, his or her spirit went to the world below and dwelled for eternity in the depths of the earth. The Underworld was the kingdom of Hades, also called Pluto, and his wife, Persephone. All souls, whether good or bad, were destined for the kingdom of Hades. BUT no ____________ human had ever successfully entered and returned from Hades. Cerberus was a vicious beast that guarded the entrance to Hades and kept the living from entering the world of the dead. Cerberus was a strange mixture of creatures: he had three ____________ of wild dogs, a _____________ for a tail, and heads of snakes all over his back. Hercules went to a place called Taenarum in Laconia. Through a deep, rocky cave, Hercules made his way down to the Underworld. He met Chiron, the _______________ who ferried souls across the River Styx into the Underworld. No mortal was allowed on his boat but Hercules was so scary that Chiron let him! Hercules met the ghosts of lots of people down there, but he also met two living people – the hero ____________ and his mate Pirithous. Both of them were stuck by their __________ to rocks as a punishment for trying to steal Penelope. Hercules said he woud ask for help. Then, finally, he found the god Hades and asked the god for Cerberus. The lord of the Underworld replied that Hercules could indeed take Cerberus with him, but only if he ______________________ the beast with nothing more than his own brute ______________. He also had to _____________ the dog to Hades ___________. He also agreed to let Theseus go. A weaponless Hercules set off to find Cerberus. Near the gates of Acheron, one of the five rivers of the Underworld, Hercules encountered Cerberus. Undaunted, the hero threw his strong arms around the beast, perhaps grasping all three heads at once, and _________________ Cerberus into submission. The dragon in the tail bit Hercules, but that did not stop him. Cerberus had to surrender to the hero, and Hercules brought Cerberus to Eurystheus. Cerberus hated the daylight – he was blinded by it – and was miserable and much less scary, but Hercules took pity on him and returned him safely to Hades, where he once again guarded the gateway to the Underworld. wrestled Hades butts Cerberus overcame Theseus ferryman heads snake living strength return unharmed
1.In your books, draw a picture of Cerberus. 2.In your books, write a diary entry by Hades [Pluto] about Hercules’ visit.
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3. Theseus had been chained to a rock for trying to free ___, wife of Hades 5. the dog is a ___ - he is vicious and can easily kill a human 6. Hercules has to ___, not kill, the dog 8. Hercules had to ___ the dog to the Underworld 9. Greek name for the Underworld and the god in charge of it 11. the dog has a ___ for a tail 12. number of heads the dog has Down
1. in one version he frees ___ (from the Minotaur story) 2. Hercules has to ___ permission from the god to take the dog 4. Hercules can only take the dog if he can overpower him with his ___ 6. name of ferryman of Underworld who doesn't want to let him pass 7. name of dog that guards the Underworld 10. people who are ___ are not allowed into Hades, and are unlikely to escape   
Overview of Hercules
Horses Lion Apples Cattle Belt Hydra Stables Birds Boar Hind Dog Bull
Ideas: Yes, he is just a strong thug: kills his own children in a moment of madness; has anger management issues in general; kills Hippolyte and Geryon which seems unfair; feeds Diomedes to his own horses which seems nasty; raw strength beat Cerberus, the lion, various baddies – no intelligence needed for a lot of his tasks No, he’s more than a thug: intelligence needed to outwit Atlas; to catch deer without hurting it; to work out how to beat Hydra. persistence needed to track down garden of Hesperides and follow deer people like him – he charms Hippolyte, even Hades, has lots of supporters
Yes: Iolaus did help him with the Hydra – he should have had no help. Yes: he was meant to be doing tasks for Eurystheus, so to ask for payment for the stables was naughty. No: did Eurystheus ever tell him ‘take no payment’? And why did using the rivers mean he hadn’t cleaned the stables himself? Seems unfair.
Greek hero: son of a god [YES] unusually brave and strong [YES} does things normal people couldn’t [YES] good warrior [YES] gods help him [YES] Christian hero: does a lot of tidying up for other people [YES] fights baddies [YES] Greatest hero: returns from Underworld; stronger than any mortal man; son of Zeus; 12 impossible tasks; later he helps the gods defeat the Titans, and he’s the only mortal man who could; becomes a god Anti-hero: he occasionally goes mad and kills lots of people. A bit of a Hulk figure. Greeks didn’t mind that in their heroes. Other heroes you’ll meet [Perseus, Theseus, Jason, Achilles, Odysseus] tick a lot of boxes but no other hero becomes a god. Yüklə 72,76 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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