La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “-s”. La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “-s”

Pluralul substantivelor

• prezentare

La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “-s”.

• La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “-s”.

• flower – flowers; book – books; cow – cows

• Fac exceptie substantivele terminate in:

• “-s”, “-z”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh”, care primesc terminatia “-es”.

• Bus – buses; box – boxes; bench –benches;

• Brush – brushes; buzz- buzzes

Observatie

• Substantivele terminate in “-o” fac pluralul in doua moduri, in functie de vechimea pe care o au in fondul limbii engleze.

• Cele vechi primesc terminatia “-es”: potato – potatoes; tomato – tomatoes.

• Cele mai noi, precum si cele terminate in “-o” precedat de vocala, au terminatia “-s”: piano –pianos; radio – radios; mosquito – mosquitos.

Reguli de ortografiere la adaugarea terminatiei “-s”

• 1. Substantivele terminate in “-y” precedat de o consoana transforma “-y” in “-ie”:

• Family – families; country – countries

• 2. Substantivele terminate in “-f” si “-fe” le transforma in “-ves” la plural:

• Leaf – leaves; wife – wives; knife – knives; life - lives; shelf - shelves

• Exceptii: roof – roofs, handkerchief - handkerchiefs; cliff – cliffs

Substantive cu plural neregulat

• Man – men (policeman – policemen etc.)

• Woman – women (policewoman – policewomen etc.)

• Child – children

• Mouse – mice

• Ox – oxen

• Tooth – teeth

• Goose - geese

• Foot – feet

• Die - dice

Cele terminate in “-sis” fac pluralul in “-ses”

• Cele terminate in “-sis” fac pluralul in “-ses”

• Axis – axes (axa – axe)

• Crisis – crises (criza – crize)

• Basis – bases (baza – baze)

• Oasis – oases (oaza – oaze)

• etc.

Phenomenon – phenomena (fenomen – fenomene)

• Phenomenon – phenomena (fenomen – fenomene)

• Criterion – criteria (criteriu – criterii)

Substantive cu aceeasi forma la singular si plural

• Fish – fish

• Fruit - fruit

• Sheep – sheep

• Deer – deer

• etc.

La fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuni abstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile:

• La fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuni abstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile:

• Water, coffee, silver, iron, happiness, joy etc.

Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si alte substantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in engleza nu.

• Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si alte substantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in engleza nu.

• Bread => a loaf of bread (o franzela , o paine); two loaves of bread (doua paini)

• Chocolate => a bar of chocolate (o ciocolata); three bars of chocolate ( trei ciocolate)

News => an item/a piece of news (o stire), two items/pieces of news (doua stiri);

• News => an item/a piece of news (o stire), two items/pieces of news (doua stiri);

• Lightening => a flesh of lightening (un fulger);

• Furniture => a piece of furniture (o mobila);

• Advice => a piece of advice (un sfat)

• Soap => a cake of soap ( un sapun), two cakes of soap (doua sapunuri);

• Money = bani

Substantivele nenumarabile se acorda cu verbul la singular si nu admit numerale in fata lor!

• Substantivele nenumarabile se acorda cu verbul la singular si nu admit numerale in fata lor!

• The news is good.

• GRESIT: I have a good news.

• Your money is here.

• GRESIT : Your money are here.