Legal System Family Law

© Thishantha Wijayakoon 97/L/3485, &

Indika Sampath Cooray 97/L/ 3319.

Faculty of Law, University of Colombo. http://wikoon.itgo.com

Wïu;a;lNdjh ms

wmrdO kS;sh

lsishï wmrdolrefjl+¹ idmrdoS j.lSfuka uqla; lSrSfuys,d mj;sk jH;sf¾l w;r Wïu;a;lndjhg ( Insanity ) ,efnkafka m%uql ;ekls' tkï okavkSh jrola l, mqoa.,fhl= tu jro lrk wjia;dfõoS Wïu;a;lndjfhka fm¨k nj ixia;dmkh lrkq ,enqjfyd;a Tyq tys j.lSfuka ñfok w;r okavkfhka ksoyia fõ' fuh ne¨ne,augu úIajidodrk nj fmkS hkafka udkisl frda.sfhl+ lrk l%shdjla flnÿ jrola jqjo Bg w¾;dkaú; ms,shu okavkh fkdj ksis udkisl m%;sldr mukla jk fyhsks' wm kS;sho udkisl frda.Ska isÿlrk kS;s úfrdaoS l%shdjloS Tjqkaj j.lSfuka ksoyia lsrSfuys,d Wla; jH;sf¾lh imhd ;sfì ' flfia kuqÿ kS;shlg jH;sf¾l f.k tafïoS lrekq oAú;ajhla ms,sno wjodkula yg.kS' tkï tla w;lska jH;sf¾lh jvd;a mq¨,a l,fyd;a tu.ska kS;sfha isÿre we;sùu;a wmrdolrejka kS;sfhka rsx.d hdula isÿúh yels w;r wfkla w;g th mgq l,fyd;a jH;sf¾lfha wfmalaIs; idodrkh bgql, fkdyels fjhs' Wïu;a;lndjh ms,sno kS;sfha ks¾jpkh lr we;s rÌkho Wïu;a;lndjfhka fmf,k iEu mqoa.,fhl=u wdj¾kh lsrSug ;rï mq¨,a jQjla fkdjk njg u;hla fjhs 'fuu u;h YS% ,xldfõ iy tlai;a rdcodksfha n,mj;ajk kS;s weiqfrka úuiSug yelsh '

1842 ks¾udkh jk ue.afkdagka kS;sh bx.%Sis kS;sh ;+, Wïu;a;lndjh ms,sno jH;sf¾lfha jeo.;a ikaosia;dkhls' tys oelafjk mrsos lsishï mqoa.,fhl= idjoH ls%hdjla lrk wjia;dfõoS udkisl frda.hla ksid yg.;a nqoaos úlD;s;djhla fya;+fjka ls%hdfõ iajndjh iy .=kdx. fyda tu ls%hdj jeros tlla nj fyda fkdoek tu l%shdj l,d kï Tyqg tu idjoH l%shdfjys,d j.lSu fkdmejrsh hq;+ nj lshfõ²' fuu ue.afkdagka kS;sfhau m%;suQ¾;shla hehs lsjyels³ ,xld okav kS;s ix.%yfhys 77 fjks j.ka;sh m%ldrj' ls%hdj lrk fõf,ys tu l%shdfõ iajndjh fyda ;ud jeros fohla fyda kS;shg mgyeks fohla lrk nj isysúl,;ajh ksid oek.ekSug mq¨jka lula ke;s ;eke;af;l= úiska lrkq ,nk lsisjla jrola fkd fõ'’ wdoS jIfhka oelafjhss' ^fuysoS l%shdj hkq l%shdjla" l%shd ud,djla" fkdlr yerSula" fkdlryerSï ud,djla fjhs⁴'&' óg wu;rj bx.%Sis kS;sfha 1957 ukqIh.d;k mk;o i,ld ne,Su jeo.;ah' Bg wkqj ¶ókSuerSuloS fyda tnkaolg iynd.SùfuoS ^W!k fyda úlD;s fyda ufkda ixj¾okhla fya;=fldg fyda hï frda.hl " ;=jd,hl wdfõksl .;shla fya;fldg we;sjQ & ufkda úlD;shla ksid ;u l%shd fjkqfjka udkisl jIfhka j.lSu nrm;, f,i m¨ÿ ùulska pqos;hd fm,sks kï Tyq ñkSuerSug jrolre fkdflf¾ ¹'¶
uq,skau wm úiska kS;sfha ks¾jpkhg wkql+,j Wu;=njla we;súhyels idol úuidne,sh hq;=h' bx.%Sis kS;sfha rÌkh imhk Wïu;a;lnj" ’ufkda frda.hla ksid yg.;a nqoaos úlD;shla’ f,i;a ,xld kS;sfha th' isysúl,;ajhla' f,i;a olajhs' ,xld kS;sfha isysúl,;ajh kï jpkh ue.afkdagka rS;shg jvd mq¨,a nj fmfkhs' ulaksido h;a isysúl,;ajh hkq udkisl frda.hla mukla fkdj Wmam;a;sfhka meñks ufkdaúl,;ajhla" W!k fyda úlD;s udkisl ixj¾okhla" IdrSrsl úl,;jhla ^fud,hg isÿ jQ ydkshla fyda iakdhq moao;shg isÿ jQ ydkshla& f,i wdoS f,i w¾;ksrEmkh l,yels fyhsks' fï wkqj bx.%Sis kS;sfha ks¾jpkh jk Wïu;a;lnj ne¨ne,augu mgq fjhs' Wla; ukqIH.d;k mk; u.ska bx.%Sis kS;sfha fuu wvqj ulk nj lsj fkdyelsh' ulaksido h;a tu mk; ukqIh.d;khg mukla iSud jk neúks' tfy;a úksiqrefjl=g wjIh kï 1983 oS tlai;a rdcodksfha Mental Health Act u.ska yÿkajdÿka Mental Disorder hk mq¨,a wre; fhdod.; yelsh²' flfia kuq;a kS;s l%u foflysu" fud,hg isÿ jQ ydkshla fyda iakdhq moao;shg isÿ jQ ydkshla wdoS ;;ajhka idokh lsrSu mukla rÌkh fhoSug wm%udkj;a fjhs' tajd yqfola l%shdj lrk wjia;dfõoS isysúl,;ajh ;snQ njg Tmamq lsrSfuys,d fhosh yels tla idolhla muks' fuu ;;ajh kS;sfha wvqjla fkdfõ' ukao h;a úfIaIfhkau fud,h we;+¨ IrSrhg ydks jq fyda tajdfha úl,;ajhla ;snQ mukskau uki úl, fkdjk neúks' rlaIkh ,eîug kï" pqos;hd wod, fya;=jla ksid ;ud fmf,k Wu;= nj fya;= fldg wod, udkisldx. fkd;snq nj Tmamq l, hq;=h' fuu ;;ajh meyeos,s flfrk b;d wk.s bx.%Sis kvq ;Skaÿjka jkafka rc t' flïma ³ h' fuysoS pQos;hd ;u ìrsog ïáhlska .id nrm;, ;+jd, isÿlf,ah' fuu ;SkaÿfõoS fvÜ,ska idñ mejiq mrsos ’kS;sh úiska wjOdkh fhduq lrkqfha uki fj; ñi fudjpkd¾;hg wkqj ufkdafrda.hla ksidu we;sjq nqoaos úlD;shg mukla wkql+, úhhq;+h hk mgq woyio bx.%Sis woslrkfhka m%;slafIam flrsks' fuysoS kyr.; wdndohla (Arteriosclerosis) ksid ia;srju fyda ;djld,slj isysúl,a úh yelshehs ffjoHjreka úiska ksIaph lrk ,o pQos;hd ksoyia úh' ffjoH úoHd;aulj oekg fidhd.kakd ,o iy ;ju;a fidhdfkd.kakd ,o ;j;a tnÿ frda. ms,sno i,lk úg" kS;sfha fuu oelau ^tkï ldhsl ;;ajhka ukig n,mE yelsh hk ms,s.ekqu&" fndfyda udkisl frda.Ska m%udkhla wdj¾kh jk" w;sIhska jákdlshk msysgla nj lsjyel' fuu lrekq ish,a, i,ld ne,SfïoS fmkS hkafka kS;s l%u foflysu Wu;=nj we;sjk idOl iïnkaofhka lsishï iqnodhS njlg ,.d ù we;s njhs'
ó,.g rlAIkh ,ndoSfuys,d l=uk m%udkhl Wu;+ njla kS;sh u.ska wfmalaId lrkafkao hkak úuiSu jà' wod, kS;s l%u foflysoSu Wïu;a;lndjh ms,sno rÌkh ,eîug kï jrolrejd úiska ;udg Wïu;a;lndjh fya;=fjka" ls%hdj lrk wjia;dfõoS" m%odk fldgu udkisl yelshdjka ;%s;ajhla w;rska tlal fyda folla fyda ;%s;ajhu fyda ke;s jQ nj wjia;dms; idol iy ffjoH idlaIs weiqfrka Tmamq l, hq;=h' tkï tu ls%hdfõ iajndjh †1‡ fyda l%shdfõ iodpdrúfrdaoS nj †2‡ fyda kS;shg mgyeks nj †3‡ fyda yÿkd.ekSug fkdyelsùuhs' idodrk mqoa.,fhl=g fuu udkisl yelshdjka iajndjfhkau msysgk nj kS;sfha mQ¾jdkqudkhhs' fuysoS wm ú.%y l,hq;= jkafka bx.%Sis kS;sfha iy ,xld kS;sfha fuu rÌkh jHjia;dms; kS;sfha jdpkd¾;h ;=,ska iy mQ¾j kvq ;Skaÿj, w¾;ksrEmk ;+,ska fld;rï mq¨,a lafIa;%hla wdj¾kh lrkafkao hkakhs'
uq,sl lrekq meyeos,s lr.ekSu ioyd idjoh l%shdjla lrk Wïu;a;lfhl=f.a úúo wjia;d ms,sno i,ld n,uq' ^ fuu úhyelshd .kk uq,slju mylg iSud l,yelsh'&
tkï" m,jkqj†1‡" wmrdohla l, pQos;hd ;uka lrk l%shdfõ iajndjh fyda tys jeros nj fyda tys kS;s úfrdaoSnj fyda oek.ekSug fkdyels ;rug iïmQ¾k isysúl,;ajfhka fmf,hs' ksoiqkla f,i mdka f.ähla lmk nj is;d orefjl=f.a f., lemSu oelaúh yelsh' kskafoa isáñka ;u orejdj cfka,fhka t,shg úislrk ujlf.a Wu;= rys; iajHxlS%h;ajho óg wod, ;;ajhls'
fojkqj†2‡" pQos;hd ;uka lrk l%shdfõ iajndjh okakd kuq;a tys jeros nj fyda tys kS;s úfrdaoSnj fyda ms,sno wjfndao Ila;sh fkdue;s ;dla m%udkhlg isysúl,;ajfhka fmf,hs' ksoiqkla f,i A kue;s wh úiska B j uerSu ioydu ;=jlal=jla iy fjä fnfy;a iQodkï lrk w;r b;d WÑ;u wjia;dfõoS tu .d;kh isÿlrhs' tfy;a tu .d;kh;a" ùÿrejla ìu jeà ìoSul=;a w;r fjkila A g wjfndao lr.; fkdyel'
;+kajkqj†3‡" pQos;hd ;uka lrk l%shdfõ iajndjh okakd kuq;a isysúl,;ajh ksid fyda hï udhd;aul udkisl ;;ajhla ^Wu;= udhdj& ksid tu l%shdfjys idjoHnj fjkqjg th wjIH fyda jeo.;a fyda iodpdriïmkak l%shdjla f,i olS' ;u orejd urd ouk wd.ïnla;sl msfhl= tfia lsrSfuka orejd foajIdka;shg m;ajk nj m%ldI lsrSu Bg ksoiqkls'
isjqjkqj" pQos;hdf.a idjoH l%shdj isysúl,;ajh fya;= fldg we;sjk iajHxlS%h yeisrSula (Automatism) fjhs' ksoiqkla f,i ohdnr msfhl= lsisÿ fya;=jlska f;drj bfíu ls%hd;aul ù ;u orejdj uerSfï ;;ajhla .; yelsh'
†5‡ pQos;hd ;uka lrk l%shdfõ iajndjh;a tys jeros nj;a tys kS;s úfrdaoSnj;a okakd w;r ;uka fmf,k ufkda úlD;sh ksid fyda udkisl W!k;djla ksid tu l%shdj isÿ fkdlr isàug fyda tu ye.Su md,kh lr.ekSug fkdyels ;;ajhl miqùu mia fjks wjia;djhs' fkdje,elaúh yels wdfõ. (Irresistible Impulse) hk ;;ajho fuu wjia;dj hgf;au ú.%y fjhs'
ue.afkdgka rS;shg fmr bx.%Sis kS;sh ;=, Wu;=nj ms,sno ksIaÑ; ffk;sl w¾;ksrEmkhla fidhd.; fkdyel' ;ud l=ula lrkafkao hkak ms,sno wjfndaoh iyuq,skau wfydais jQ" tkï mQ¾fjdala; udkisl yelshdjka ;%s;ajhu fkdue;s ;srsika if;l=f.a uÜgugu Wu;=jQjkag mukla rÌkh iSudúh hq;=h hkak uq,ald,Sk bx.%Sis kS;sfõoS .%ka;j, u;hhs ¹' Bg wkqj i,ld n,f;d;a b;srs wjia;d y;frys jQ udkisl frda.Ska" kS;sh bosrsfhaoS wirk jk nj meyeos,sh' tfy;a miqj tu mgq iSudj ìoS f.dia l%shdfõ iajndjh ms,sno hï wjfndaohla ;snqko tu l%shdfõ idjoHnj wjfndao lr.; fkdyels jQ ^fofjks wjia;dfõ& Wu;= jrolrejkago rÌkh ysñ úh'
1842 ue.afkdagka kvqj;a² iu. bx.%sis kS;sh úiska Wïu;a;l nj ms,sno kej; idlÉcd lrñka ksIaÑ;d¾;hlg meñksks' veksfh,a ue.afkdagka keue;a;d úiska tjlg ì%;dkHh w.ue;sf.a fm!oa.,sl f,alïjrhdj fjä;nd .d;kh lrk ,os' fuh w.ue;s-.d;k ;e;l wjdikdjka; m%;sm,hla jQ w;r Bg fya;=j jQfha rch" fmd,Sish" frdaudkq lf;da,sl m,a,sh iy fgdarsjreka úiska ;udg ysxid mSvd lr;ehs hk jeros úIajdihls' fuu is;sú,a, ksid Tyqg kskao fkdhEu" ysiroh iy udkisl wd;;sh mej;sks' l%shdfõ iajndjh oekisáfhao hk mrSÌkh mukla i,ld n,k úg ue.afkdagka j.lSug hg;a jk kuq;a Tyqj jrog fmd,njk ,o ufkda frda.h úiska l%shdfõ jroldrSnj oek.ekSfï wjfndao Ila;sh m¨ÿ lr;snQ nj woslrkh ms,s.;af;a l%shdfõ idjoHnj oekisáfhao hk fojeks mrsÌkhla isÿlrñks' isysúl,;aj rÌkh wod, lrñka fuysoS woslrkh ¶ jQos;hd jeroslre kuq;a Tyq isysúl,;ajfhka fmf,kafkls ^"guilty but mentally ill" &¶ hk úfIaI ;Skaÿj fok ,os' tys oelafjk mrsos lsishï mqoa.,fhl= idjoH ls%hdjla lrk wjia;dfõoS udkisl frda.hla ksid yg.;a nqoaos úlD;s;djhla fya;+fjka ls%hdfõ iajndjh iy .=kdx. fyda tu ls%hdj jeros tlla nj fyda fkdoek tu l%shdj l,d kï Tyqg tu idjoH l%shdfjys,d j.lSu fkdmejrsh hq;+ nj lshfõ'ta wkqj rÌkh wod, lsrSu ioyd ksh;ju by; mrSÌk folu i,ld ne,sh hq;= w;r bka tlla fyda idokh l, hq;+ úh' óg m%;smlaI m%n, ;¾lh jQfha hful=g l%shdfõ iajndjh wjfndao lr.ekSug yels ;rï isysnqoAoshla ;sfí kï idjoHnjo oek.; yels njhs ¹' fuu ;¾lh w¾,a f‘ria kvqfõoS ² u;+úh' tfy;a wmg fuysoS fldlan¾ka ue.afkdagka kvqfõoS ÿka ms,s;=rg tl. úhyelsh' tkï ¶ w¾o jIfhkao isysúl,;ajh mej;sh yels w;r ta u.ska iodpdr nqoaosh w¾o jIfhka fyda mQ¾k jIfhka fyda úlD;s úh yelsh ¶' tkhska w¾o isysúl, udkisl wdndos;hkao rÌkhg we;=,ajk nj mejish yel' ue.afkdagka rS;sfha oelafjk ls%hdfõ iajndjh iy .=kdx. (Nature and Quality) hk moj, wre; msrcq t' fldaäh¾ ys oelafjk mrsos tu moj,ska oelajkqfha hï ls%hdjl fn!;sl iajndjh ñi ufkdauh fyda kS;suh .=kdx.hla fkdfõ'
ó,. .eg¨j jQfha l%shdfõ idjoHnj hkq l=ulao hkakhs' 1800oS miso ¨ yeâ‘S,aâ kvqjg ³ wkqj kï" idjoHnj fkdoekSu hkafkys wre; kS;s úfrdaoSnj fkdoekSug iSud fkdl,yelsh hk woyi u;=fjhs' tysoS rdcfødayh kue;s jrog yiqùug ;udg wjIH hehs mjiñkau f;jeks fcdaa¾cA rcqg fjä ;enQ pQos;hdj" woslrkh úiska ksoyia lf,a" Tyq l%shdfõ kS;súfrdaoSnj oek isáho Wu;nj fya;=fjka" wod, l%shdfõ wk¾;h iy wmrdoldrS iajndjh ^fyj;a idjoHnj& jgyd .ekSfï wjfndao Ila;shla Tyqg fkd;snqkq nj mjiñ;s' ;udj úkdI lr.ekSfï wns,dIh iys; frda.S njlska Tyq fm,sks'  fuh kS;sh úiska i,ld ne¨ b;d iQÌu ;;ajhls' l%shdjl kS;s úfrdaoS nj okafka kï tu l%shdj jrola nj wjfndao lr.ekSfï yelshdjla wksjd¾fhkau ;sfnk nj idudkH u;hhs' tfy;a idjoHnj fkdoekSu hk mofhka kS;s úfrdaoSnj fyda idro¾u úfrdaoSnj fkdoekSu hk wjiA;djkag jvd b;d mq¨,a wre;l udkisl fkdyelshdjla .fõIkh lrhs ⁴' tfy;a wreu mqÿu f,i bx.%Sis woslrkh miqld,Skj fkdu. hk nj fmfka' ¶jeros nj¶ hkak ¶kS;s úfrdaoS¶ hkakg iudk hehs rcq t' fldaäh¾ kvqfõoS mejisks' ;u frda.SSA ìrsof.a ÿlals; nj wjika lsrSfï hym;a is;ska hq;=j fT!Io jeä ud;%djla oS wehj .d;kh l, ieñfhl= ms,sno rcq t' úkav,a kvqjo ⁵ Bg iudk ;Skaÿjl msysgk ,oS' jeros nj hkak mqoa.,dkqrEm wdl,am u; fyda idudcshj i,lk idro¾u fyda fjk;a wd.ñl lrekq u; ;Srkh l, fkdyels nj ms,s.; yels lrekls' tfy;a tu wjq, ksrjq,a lsrSug we;s úiÿu ffk;sl ;;ajh oekisáfhao hkak ms,sno ks¾kdhlh fkdfõ' túg l%shdfõ iajndjho tys kS;s úfrdaoSnj yd idro¾u úfrdaoSnjo okakd kuqÿ tu l%shdj jeros hehs fkdyef.k ;;ajfha udkisl frda.Ska rlaIkfhka msysgla fkd,nhs úkav,a kvqfõoS mjd pQos;hd tnÿ udkisl wdndohlak fmÿk nj mejisks ¹'tfy;a ,xld kS;sh Wla; udkisl frda.Skao wdj¾kh lrk" mq¨,a wref;ys msysgk w;r ¶wfma kS;sh fï wjia;dfõoS bx.%Sis kS;shg tlfy,d úreoao wdl,amhla wkq.ukh lrk nj¶ lsjyels hehs uydpd¾h cS't,a'mSrsia ² mjihs' ta wkq j bx.%Sis kS;shg jvd wm kS;sfhka fndfyda udkisl wdndos;hka msrsila rlaIkfha msysg ,nhs'
mQ¾fjdala; ;=kafjks wjia;dfõ ³ Wu;= ;;ajh i,lk l,ayso w¾o isysúl,njla m%ldI fjhs' wmrdohla hym;a fohla f,i i,lkafka kï tys wre; by; ioyka l, mrsosu l%shfõ idjoHnj fkdoekSuhs' iqlaks Idfuka ⁴ kvqjg wkqj ú;a;sldrsh úiska ñksfil= uerefõ ;udg wrla.;a hlaIhskaf.a wk mrsos nj mejisks' foajd rdï ⁵' kvqjg wkqj ;u mq;=f.a urkhg miqj úlD; f,i yeiqrekq iy ksos fkd,o msfhl= lsis fya;=jla fkdue;sj ;u ìrsoj iy oshkshj urkhg m;alrk ,os' ue.afkdagka rS;shg wkqj wod, Wu;= udhdj u.ska ìysjk l%shdj mshú f,dalfhaoS kS;shdkql+, jkafka kï mukla pqos;hdg rÌkh ie,fihs' tkï Wmyghd ;udj .d;kh lsrSug isáfhah hk Wu;= udhdj ksid wd;audrÌdfõ wì,dIfhka Tyqj uerefõ kï pqos;hd ksoyia jk w;r ;udg l, ydkshla ioyd m,s.; hq;=h hh udhdfjka tu wmrdoh lf,a kï rÌkh fkd,efí' tfy;a fuu l=uk wjia;djloS jqjo pqos;hdj jrog fmd,Uk ,o fya;=j frda.S ukila kï Bg rÌkh iemhSu idodrkh' ,xld kS;sfhaoS úuikafka fuu Wu;= udhdj u.ska flf;la ÿrg ls%hdfõ iajndjh yd idjoHnj ms,sno wjfndaoh m¨ÿlr ;sfío hkakhs' ta wkqj ,xld kS;shg iudk bkaoSh kS;sh weiqfrys by; foajd rdï wdoS kvq j,oS rÌkh iemhsks' tkhska fndfyda udkisl wdndos;hka ,xld kS;sfhka wdj¾kh jk nj ;jÿrg;a mejish yel'
tfy;a .eg¨j jkafka wd.ula weoySu ksid fyda u;aøjh" fT!Io mdúÑh ksid fyda iafjÉpdfjkao iafjÉpd rys;jo we;sjk Wu;= udhdjka rÌkhg we;=,;a jkafkao hkakhs' ,xld okav kS;s ix.%yh wkqj jH;sf¾lhla f,i îu;alu fjku j.ka;s hgf;a olajd we;s neúka ⁶ isysúl,;aj rÌkhg tu ;;ajh wod, fkdùfï .egÿjla ke;' tfy;a j.ka;shla f,i 77 j.ka;sh yqol,d fldg .;fyd;a Wla; wvqj mj;sk njo wu;l fkdl, yel' wfkla w;g wd.ñl weoySï ms,sno úuikafka kï j¾;udkfhaoS iuyr wd.ñl l,a,sj, idudcslhka úiska msgia;r mqoa.,hka iy ;ukaf.au tlsfkld .d;kh lr.ksñka miqj iduqyslj osúkid.kakd wjiA;d nyq,j jd¾;d fjhs' fujka wmrdolrejka ;=, ;u l%shdfõ iajndjh iy idjoHnj ms,no oekSuo fndfyda jIfhka fyda mj;sk ksid rÌkhg fhoSugo fkdyel' tfy;a lrekq .eUqrg úuiSfuka fmkS hkafka fujka mqoa.,hka oS¾.ld,Sk jIfhka iajndjfhkau udkisl W!k;djkaf.ka iy wiykfhka fm,su fya;= fldg wd.ñl l,a,s j,g neÿkq nj;a tajdfha úlD;slr udkisl wnHdi lsrSu fya;= fldg lsishï ufkda úlD;shla yg.;a nj;a h' ^ukqIh .d;k mkf;a ¶W!k fyda úlD;s udkisl ixj¾okhla¶hk mo ;=, fï ms,sno lsishï cdhdjla ú.%y fjhs'&' fuu úlD;sh" ukqIH.d;k Wïudoh (Homicide Mania) jeks frda.S wjia;djla olajd oS¾. úhyel' ;jo iafjÉpdfjka u;ameka .ekSu ksid we;sjk Wu;= njg jvd iafjÉpdfjka wd.ï woyd we;sjk Wu;= njg idkqlïmdjla oelaúh yelafla wod, mqoa.,hska tnÿ weoySul wdksIxI fkdoek isáfï bvlv jeä neúks' u;ameka" u;aøjh u.ska we;s lrk m%;sm, j,g jvd tnÿ weoySul m%;sm," ksh;ju os.=ld,Sk" woanQ; iy ixlS¾k fjhs' tu ksid isoaosfha fya;=m, ino;dj .eUqrg úuiSfuka miq funÿ mqoa.,hskag o j.lSu ySk lsrSfï ixl,amh hgf;a w¾o rÌkhla^ovqjï ,sys,a lsrSula& imhkafka kï uekjehs m%ldI l, yelsh'
mq¾fjdala; úhyelshd w;rska isjqjekak jk isysúl,;ajh iys; iajHxl%sh;ajh hkq Wu;= nj ksid ;ud lrk l%shdj ;udf.a wjfndaod;aul md,kfhka iy iuyrúg oekSfuka mjd f;drj hdka;%slj isÿùuhs' kskafoka weúoSu fyda óueiafudrfhka fm,Su wdoS wjia;d isysúl,;ajh rys; iajHxl%sh;ajh jk w;r fuysoS wmrdo iïmdol od;=jla bgqfkdùu u; ,xld kS;sh u.ska pqos;fhl=g ksoyi fokq we;' isysúl,;ajh iys; iajHxl%sh;ajhla ;+, mq¾k rÌkho ysñjkq we;' bx.%Sis kS;sfhao fuys,d rÌkh iemhQ wjia;d f,i' kskafoka ;u orejdj cfka,fhka úisl, ujla ms,sno tia;¾ .%s.aia kvqj ¹ iy if;l=g myrfok ye.Sfuka ;u ,orejdg myroS urk ,o msfhl= ms,sno ihsuka ‘%i¾ kvqj² ksoiqka fldg oelaúh yel' tfy;a ú;a;sjdplfha idok ndrh pqos;hd fj;u mjrd ;sîu ms,snoj i;=gq úh fkdyel 'jro lrk wjia;dfõ oS ;ud ksodisá nj lshk pqos;fhl=g jvd tu wjia;dfõoS Wu;=j isá nj mjik pqos;fhl=g megfjk idok ndrh wiudk jk w;ru nrm;, fjhs' fuu wnsfhda.h iajHxl%Sh;ajhg mukla fkdj rÌkh ms,sno ish¨ ú;a;sjdplhkago wod, jkakls' chj¾ok ³" pkaøfialr ⁴wdoS kvq lsysmhloSu rÌkh iemhSug woslrkh miqng jQfha tfyhsks' fuu ndolho fkdfõkï isysúl,;aj iajHxl%S;ajh iys; udkisl wdndos;hka uq¨ukskau mdfya rÌkhg we;=,;a fkdùug fya;=jla ke;s nj fmfka'
miafjks úhyelshd wjia;dj⁵ jk fkdje,elaúhyels wfõ.ldrs ;;ajh kS;s moao;s foflysoSu fndfyda m%IakldrS fjhs' gDD ⁶" fldIa ⁷" ‘,efj,a ⁸ iy fidavuka⁹ hk kvq j,oS bx.%Sis woslrkh úiska fkdje,elaúhyels wdfõ. fjkqfjka rÌkh oSu os.ska os.gu m%;slafIam flrsks' ndkaia ksu,r;ak t' rch¹⁰ kvqj ;=,o Ìksl wdfõ.h ms,sno ú;a;sjdplh m%;sfÌam úh' ulaksido h;a fuu ;;ajh" l%shdfõ iajndjh fyda idjoHnj ms,sno wjfndaoh wysñù hdfï m%;sm,hla fkdj tu wjfndaoh mj;soaoSu l%shdj fkdlr isáfï md,kh iy wosIagdkh ÿn,ùfï m%;súmdlhls' kS;shg wod, jk udkisl fkdyelshd ;%S;ajhg meyeos,sju iajHx md,kfha fkdyelshdj we;=,;a fkdfõ' tfy;a ì%;dkH udkisl wdfrda.hId,d ffjoH ks,odrSkaf.a ix.uh 1864 iïu; l, fhdackdj¹¹" ì%;dkH ffjoh ix.uh 1923 weÜlska fldñiug ÿka idÌs¹²" .j¾ia fldñifï Wmfoia¹³ wdosh u.ska oshqkq ufkda ffjoH úoHdjg wkqj kS;sho fuys,d ixj¾oh ùfï wjIH;dj fmkajdfok ,os' fkdje,elaúh yels wdfõ.hka" 1'whym;a IsÌkh" 2'oeâ;r wjIH;dj" 3'udkisl W!k;djhla iy 4' udkisl frda.hla jIfhka isjqwdldr fya;=u; we;sjk nj udf.a ye.Suhs' fuys m,uq fya;=jg lsisfia;au iudj oshfkdyel' oeâ;r wjIH;dj meyeos,s lrk rdï iqkaorodia kvqfjys¹⁴ pQos;hd úiska ìrsh yd orejd urkq ,enqfõ wdydr iy weÿï ys.h ksid we;s jQ mSvdj bjish fkdyels jQ úghs' fuh idkqlïms; ;;ajhla jqj;a Bgo iudj osh fkdyelafla tu.ska kS;sfha isÿre we;s úhyels neúkS' ta wkqj m,uq iy fojk fya;+kag yiqjk wmrdolrejka j.lSug hg;a l, hq;=h' tfy;a kq;k ufkdaúoHdj u.ska fidrlïlsrSu ms,sno fkdje,elaúh yels wdfõ.h (Kleptomania) wdoS jq frda.S ;;ajhka mj;sk nj idokh lr we;s w;r¹ ue.afkdgka kvqfõoS mjd fldlan¾ka úiska mejiqfka ;ud lrk wmrdoh fyda ;u ufkda ú;¾lh md,kh lr.; fkdyels ld,lkaks frda.shd ifodaIS hehs ie,lSug iodpdruh bvla ke;s¶² njhs' udkisl W!k;djla u; we;sjk wdfõ. fkdje,elaúh yelshehs ia;srj mejish fkdyels ksid fojk fya;=jg yiqjk whg wjia;dms; idol úuiSfuka miq w¾o rÌkhla^tkï ovqjï ,sys,a lsrSula& oSu WÑ;h' tfy;a Wmam;a;s.; lrekloS mqoa.,fhl= ienúkau wirk ksid Wmam;a;suh udkisl W!k;djhloS iy isjqjk fya;=fjka we;sjk fkdje,elaúh yels wdfõ. ioyd mQ¾k rÌkh ie,iSu idodrk hehs ;¾l l, yelsh'
boska Wmhqla; ish¨ lrekq weiqfrys,d ¶isysúl,;ajfha rÌkh" wmrdo j.lSug hg;ajk" udkisl wdndohkaf.ka fmf,k iEu mqoa.,fhl=u wdj¾kh lsrSug yels ;rï mq¨,a jQjla fkdfõh¶ hk u;hg mS,s;=rl=;a tys,d bx.%sis kS;sh iy ,xld kS;sh ixj¾okh úh hq;= wjia;d lSmhl=;a ixIsma;j kej; ioyka l,yelsh' uq,sl jIfhka i,lk l, mq¾k rÌkhg yiqúh hq;= udkisl wdndos;hka fndfyda fofkl=u mdfya tlaflda mj;sk kS;shg we;=,;a jk w;r ke;skï tfia we;=,;a jk mrsos kS;sh w¾;ksrEmkh l,yels ;;ajhl mj;S ^úksiqrejka úiska kS;sh mq¨,aj w¾;ksrEmkh fkdlsrSu tu úksiqrejkaf.a wvqjla ñi kS;sfha wvqjla fkdfõ' tfia rÌkhg yiqfkdjk mq¾fjdala;j iúia;r jQ^yosis wdfõ. ms,sno& wfkl=;a udkisl wdndos;hka fjkqfjka mj;sk mQ¾k rÌkh mq¨,a fkdl, hq;= w;r w¾o rÌkhla fhoSug yelsjk fia ¶ySk jQ j.lSfï ixl,amh¶ (Diminished responsibility) ,xld kS;shg we;=,;a lsrSu iqÿiq fjhs' bx.%Sis kS;sfhao ukqIh .d;khg mukla iSud jQ tu ixl,amh wfkl=;a jeros ioydo oS¾. lsrSu iqÿiqh' fuysoS wjIH kï ,xld kS;sfha mj;sk j.ka;Skau mq¨,aj w¾; kSrEmkh lsrSug yelsjk fia úfíokhkaf.ka iy iúia;rhkaf.ka f;drj kej; ks¾udkh l,yelsh' ksoiqka f,i ¶isysúl,nj¶ hk mofhka oekg;a wm kS;shg ,eî we;s mq¨,a nj oelaúh yels w;r Mental Abnormality hk moh ndú;d lsrSu ms,snoj wjodkh fhduqúh hq;=h' udkisl jhdl+,;ajh (Mental Disorder) hk IS¾Ifhka jQ nqÜ,¾ jd¾;djo³ bx.%Sis kS;shg b;d m,odhS u.fmkaùula lrk kuqÿ tjekkla yqfola u.fmkakqï m;%sldjla f,i ñi j.ka;suh m%;sixialrkhlA olajd oS¾. fkdúh hq;= nj uf.a ye.Suhs' nqÜ,¾ jd¾;dj ;=, udkisl jhdl+,;ajh hkak IS¾I 10 la hgf;a b;d oS¾.j olajk w;r tjeks ixlS¾k ks¾jpk mk;lg we;=,aùfuka isÿjkafka wjia;dfkdaÑ;j ls%hdlsrSug úksiqrefjl=g we;s bv iSudùuhs' fuu rlaIkh ms⁴' ^tfy;a idudkH wmrdo kvqúodk l%shdj,shg wkqj kï pqos;hdf.a j.lSu" meñks,s mlaIh úiska idodrk ielhlska f;drj Tmamq l,hq;= fjhs' & fï ksid kvqj u; iq¨ ielhla cks; lsrSfuka ksoyiaùug we;s yelshdj wfydais ú isysúl,;ajh ms,sno jh;sf¾lfha msysg fidhkakd úiska jeä lghq;a;la l, hq;= fjhs' fï ksid ,xld kS;sfha pqos;hd u; megfjk j.lSï ndrh ,sys,a lsrSuo jeo.;a fõ' tys,d idlaIs wd{d mkf;ys 105 jeks j.ka;sj, iqÿiq ixfIdaok l,yelsh' kQ;k ufkdaúoHdfõ oshqkqj Wlyd .ekSug yelsjk mrsos ffjoH idÌs j,go jeä bvla iemhSu ldf,daú;h' Wu;= nj ksid wod, wmrdoh kej; kej; isÿfj;ehs iel isf;k yeuúgu pqos;hd mrsmQ¾kj ksoyia fkdlr" udkisl m%;sl¾u ,ndoSug bv ie,fik mrsos ¶jeroslre jk kuq;a isysúl,;ajfhka fmf,kafklS ¶ hk úfIaI ;Skaÿj fhoSuo jeo.;a fõ' tys,d í%;dkHfha Criminal Procedure(Insanity and Unfitness to Plead)Act 1991 wdo¾I lr.ksñka wmf.a wmrdo kvqúodk ix.%yho ixj¾okh l,yelsh

1 fuu lD;sfha NdIdj " kK,< fyaofhka úhqla;h'

2 "...the jurors ought to be told that in all cases every man is presumed to be sane, and to possess a sufficient degree of reason to be responsible for his crimes, until the contrary be proved to their satisfaction; and that to establish a defence on the ground of insanity, it must be clearly proved that, at the time of committing the act, the party accused was labouring under a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or, if he did know it, that he did not know he was doing what was wrong." (Tindal C.J)- M'Naghten's Case (1843) 10 C&F 200

3 "Section 77 of the Ceylon Penal Code is a condensed reproduction of the rule in M'Naughton's case..."

-rc t' úodfk,df.a tn%yïwmamq ^ 1939 & 40 k'kS'jd' 505

4 oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 30" 31^1&" 31^2& j.ka;s

1 1957 Homicide Act-Section 2(1)

2 In this Act 'mental disorder' means mental illness, arrested or incomplete development of the mind, psychopathic disorder and any other disorder or disability of the mind. (Mental Health Act 1983 s.1(2))

3^ R. v. KEMP (1957) 1 Q.B. 399

1 ksoiqka # On the Laws and Customs of England (1915) Vol.4 ,Page 308 . iy Historia Plactitorum Coronae (London 1736)a

2 M'Naghten's Case (1843) 10 C&F 200

1 ue.afkdagka kvqfõoS fldlan¾kaf.a ;¾lh

2 fid,sisg¾ fckrd,ajrhdf.a m%ldYh - N.Walker page 57

3 (1800) N.Walker 64

4 mQ¾fjdala; fojeks wjiA:dfõ ksoiqk n,kak'a

5 (1952) 2 Q.B. 883

1 "A medical witness for the defence said that D was suffering from a form of communicated insanity known as foile a deux....but the doctorson both sides agreed that he knew he was doing an act which the law forbade"- Criminal Law SMITH AND HORGAN-202

2 .%S ,xld wmrdO ks;Sh-idudkH jH;sf¾l" msgq 34

3 3 fjks msgqj n,kak'

4 (1936) P.W.N. 189

5 Deva Ram (1937) Lah. 486

6 78 yd 79 j.ka;s

1 A manual of Psychological Medicine (London, 1862 ) ,213

2 (1878) 4 Couper 78

3 (1947) 48 N.L.R. 497

4 (1942) 43 N.L.R. 97

5 4 fjks msgqj n,kak'

6 (1922) 16 Cr.L.R. 164

7 (1925) 19 Cr.L.R. 50

8 (1926) 19 Cr.L.R. 141

9 (1938) 2 All E.R. 1138

10 78 N.L.R. 51

11 ì%;dkH ieis jd¾;d" 1866" 21

12 (1924) Cmd. 2005 ,H.M.S.O.

13 (1953) Cmd. 8932 ,H.M.S.O.

14 (1919) 29 C.L.G. 209.

1 uydpd¾h fg,¾f.a ffjoH kS;s úoHdj kue;s .%ka;h

2 M'Naghten's Case (1843) 10 C&F 200

3 Criminal Law –Cases and Matirials-SMITH AND HORGAN- 270

4 .%S ,xldfõ wmrdO ks;Sh-idudkH jH;sf¾l" msgq 52