TURKEY
COUNTRY REPORT
April 2005
Country Information & Policy Unit
IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE
HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM
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CONTENTS
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1. Scope of the document
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1.1 – 1.10
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2. Geography
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2.1 – 2.3
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3. Economy
Corruption
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3.1 – 3.5
3.6 – 3.7
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4. History
General Election 1995
The National Security Council’s (MGK) actions 1997
General Election 1999
Conflict with the PKK (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan - Kurdistan Workers’ Party)
European Union reforms 2001-2002
General Election 2002
European Union reforms 2002-2004
Suicide bombings 2003-2004
Release of Kurdish Deputies
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4.1 – 4.58
4.3
4.4 – 4.7
4.8 – 4.11
4.12 – 4.24
4.25 – 4.30
4.31 –4.32
4.33 – 4.48
4.49 – 4.51
4.52 – 4.58
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5. State Structures
The Constitution
Citizenship and Nationality
Political system
National Security Council (MGK) or (NSC)
Local Government
The Judiciary
Military Courts
State Security Courts (DGM)
The Constitutional Court (Anayasa Mahkemesi)
Legal rights/detention
Right to legal advice
Detention for questioning prior to formal arrest
The problem of falsified documents
The General Information Gathering System (GBTS)
Death Penalty
Internal Security
Police
Jandarma/ Gendarmerie
Special Forces
Intelligence Agency (MIT)
Village Guards
Prisons and Prison conditions
F-type prisons
Monitoring of prison conditions
Military service
Deferring military service
Evasion of military service and punishment
Conscientious objectors
Posting after completion of basic training
Discrimination in the armed forces
Medical services
Cost of treatment
Mental Health
HIV/AIDS
People with disabilities
Educational system
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5.1– 5.163
5.1 – 5.7
5.8 – 5.10
5.11 – 5.17
5.18 – 5.23
5.24 – 5.28
5.29 – 5.37
5.38
5.39 – 5.42
5.43 – 5.46
5.47 - 5.51
5.52 – 5.57
5.58 – 5.61
5.62 – 5.63
5.64- 5.73
5.74 – 5.76
5.77 – 5.93
5.77 – 5.79
5.80 – 5.82
5.83
5.84
5.85 – 5.93
5.94 – 5.103
5.104 – 5.113
5.114 –5.118
5.119 – 5.125
5.126 – 5.127
5.128 – 5.130
5.131 – 5.137
5.138 – 5.139
5.140 – 5.143
5.144 – 5.160
5.147– 5.148
5.149 – 5.153
5.154 – 5.155
5.156 – 5.160
5.161– 5.163
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6. Human Rights
6A. Human Rights Issues
General
Torture
Medical examinations in detention
Prosecution of State officials accused of ill-treatment
Enforcement of Human Rights
Disappearances
Freedom of speech and the media
Freedom of speech/expression
Freedom of media/press
The High Board of Radio and Television (RTUK)
Internet
Freedom of religion
Headscarves
Alevis, including Alevi Kurds
Mystical Sufi and other religious-social orders and lodges
Non-Muslim minorities
Christians
Jews
Freedom of assembly and association
Employment rights
Main Trade Union confederations
Main Employers Associations
People trafficking
Freedom of movement
Nüfus card/ identity card
Treatment of foreigners seeking asylum in Turkey
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6.1 – 6.459
6.1 – 6.32
6.33– 6.55
6.56 – 6.63
6.64 – 6.81
6.82
6.83 – 6.84
6.85 – 6.86
6.87 – 6.99
6.100 – 6.113
6.114 – 6.119
6.120
6.121 – 6.138
6.139 – 6.147
6.148 – 6.155
6.156
6.157– 6.159
6.160 – 6.167
6.168
6.169 – 6.187
6.188 – 6.189
6.190
6.191
6.192 – 6.200
6.201 – 6.206
6.207 – 6.210
6.211 – 6.217
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6B. Human Rights –Specific Groups
Ethnic Groups
Kurds
Kurdish language
Teaching in Kurdish
Pro-Kurdish political parties
PKK/KADEK/Kongra-Gel and the conflict in the Southeast
Internally displaced people (IDPs) and the return to villages programme
Newroz/Nevruz celebrations
Arabs
Caucasians
Armenians
Greeks
Women
Honour killings
Virginity testing
Employment/Gender equality
Children
Child care arrangements
Homosexuals
Transvestites
Transsexuals
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6.218 – 6.355
6.218 – 6.223
6.224 – 6.229
6.230 – 6.235
6.236 – 6.240
6.241 – 6.256
6.257 – 6.270
6.271 – 6.283
6.284 – 6.286
6.287 – 6.289
6.290
6.291
6.292
6.293 – 6.308
6.309 – 6.316
6.317 – 6.322
6.323 – 6.330
6.331 – 6.338
6.339– 6.342
6.343 – 6.351
6.352 – 6.354
6.355
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6c. Human Rights – Other Issues
Members of illegal organisations
Activists engaging in marginal activities for illegal organisations
Relatives of members of illegal organisations
Treatment of returned failed asylum seekers
Return of Turkish Kurds from Iraq
Government monitoring of human rights
Training on human rights
Reform Monitoring Group
Human Rights Presidency and Human Rights Boards/Councils
Parliamentary Human Rights Commission/ Parliamentary Human Rights Investigation Committee
Prison Inspection Committees/Prison Monitoring Boards
The Gendarmes Investigation and Evaluation Centre for Human Rights Abuse Issues (JIHIDEM)
European Court of Human Rights
Treatment of non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
Human Rights Association (HRA) / Insan Haklari Dernegi (IHD)
Turkish Human Rights Foundation (HRF) / Türkiye Insan Haklari Vakfi (TIHV)
Mazlum-Der
State of emergency
Blood feuds
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6.356 – 6.459
6.356 – 6.360
6.361 – 6.362
6.363 – 6.366
6.367 – 6.375
6.376 – 6.378
6.379 – 6.382
6.383 – 6.386
6.387
6.388 – 6.394
6.395 – 6.399
6.400 – 6.402
6.403– 6.407
6.408 – 6.414
6.415 – 6.429
6.430 – 6.441
6.442 – 6.447
6.448 – 6.451
6.452 – 6.456
6.457 – 6.459
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ANNEX A: Chronology
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ANNEX B: Parties which contest parliamentary elections
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| ANNEX C: Main leftist and/or illegal political organisations |
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ANNEX D: Prominent people
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ANNEX E: Martial Law and State of Emergency in Turkey
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ANNEX F: Administration of justice
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ANNEX G: The court system
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ANNEX I: References to source material
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