Video coding standards k. R. Rao, Do Nyeon Kim Springer 2014



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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)

Revised/Updated Chapter from the book

VIDEO CODING STANDARDS

K. R. Rao, Do Nyeon Kim

Springer 2014

Table of Contents


Table of Contents 1

5 High efficiency video coding (HEVC) 11

ABSTRACT 11

5.1Introduction: 11

5.2Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) 11

5.3Analysis of coding tools in HEVC Test Model, HM 1.0 – Intra prediction 21

5.4HEVC Encoder 23



5.4.1Intra prediction 27

5.4.2Transform coefficient scanning 30

5.4.3Luma and chroma fractional pixel interpolation 31

5.4.4Comparison of coding tools of HM1 and HEVC draft 9 32

5.5Extensions to HEVC 33

5.6Profiles and levels 34

5.7Performance and computational complexity of HEVC encoders 35

5.8System layer integration of HEVC 35

5.9HEVC lossless coding and improvements [E86] 36

5.10Summary 38

5.11Projects 42



H.264 Advance Video Coding (AVC)/ MPEG-4 Part 10 REFERENCES 84

Books on H.264 : 90

H.264 Standard, JM SOFTWARE 90

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) / NGVC (Next Generation Video Coding) References 91

Software repository; Scalable extensions of HEVC 107

Build System 107

Software Structure 107

IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (JETCAS) 134

SUBJECTIVE EVALUATON OF COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS AND STANDARDS 137

139



BOOKS ON HEVC 139

Overview Papers: 140

Tutorials: 141

Open Source Software : 146

X265 Source code 148

vTune amplifier by Intel 149

General 149

REFERENCES ON SSIM 152

VP8, VP9, VP10 : 156

JPEG 2000: 159

JPEG XR (Extended Range) : 161

JPEG-LS: 161

JPEG: 162

JPEG XT: 163

JPEG XT Projects: 164



PNG 164

DIRAC (BBC): 165

DAALA 165

Daala video compression 166

Daala is the code-name for a new video compression technology. The effort is a collaboration between Mozilla Foundation, Xiph.Org Foundation and other contributors. 166

The goal of the project is to provide a free to implement, use and distribute digital media format and reference implementation with technical performance superior to h.265. 166

Technology demos 166

Next generation video: Introducing Daala 166

Introducing Daala part 2: Frequency Domain Intra Prediction 166

Introducing Daala part 3: Time/Frequency Resolution Switching 166

Introducing Daala part 4: Chroma from Luma 166

Daala: Painting Images For Fun (and Profit?) 166

Daala: Perceptual Vector Quantization (PVQ) 166

Projects based on DAALA; 167

Implement and improve Daala video codec using video test sequences and compare with HEVC/H.264/VP9 and other standard based codecs using implementation complexity, PSNR, SSIM. BD-bit rate, BD-PSNR as the metrics. 167

AVS China: 168

References on Screen Content Coding 169

BEYOND HEVC: 172

Projects on BEYOND HEVC: 173

Post – HEVC activity 175


ACRONYMS

2D

Two dimension

3D

Three dimension

AAC

Advanced Audio Coding

ACM MoVid

ACQP



Association for Computer Machinery Mobile Video

Adaptive Chroma Quantization parameter




AHG

AI


Ad Hoc Groups

All Intra




AIF

Adaptive Interpolation Filter

ALF

Adaptive Loop Filter

AMVP

Advanced Motion Vector Prediction

APIF

Adaptive Pre-Interpolation Filter

APSIPA

Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association

ARM

Advanced RISC Machines

ASIC

Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

ASO

Arbitrary Slice Order

ATR

Average Time Reduction

ATSC

Advanced Television Systems Committee

AVC

Advanced Video Coding—the official MPEG name is ISO/IEC 14496-10--MPEG-4 Part 10, and ITU-T name is ITU-T H.264

AVS

AU


Audio Video Standard

Access Unit



BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BD

BH


Bjontegaard Distortion

Beyond HEVC



BL

BLA


Base Layer

Broken Link Access



bpp

Bits per pixel

BRISQUE

BS


Blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator

Boundary Strength



BSTM

CABAC


Butterfly Style Transform Matrices

Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding



CAVLC

CCP



Context-adaptive variable-length coding

Cross Component prediction




CE

CfE


Consumer Electronics , Core Experiment

Call for Evidence



CfP

Call for Proposal

CI

Confidence Interval

CPU

Central Processing Unit

CRA

Clean Random Access

CRA

Clean Random Access

CRI

CSVT


CTC

Color remapping information

Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

Common Test Conditions


CU

Coding Unit

CU

Coding Unit

CUDA

Compute Unified Device Architecture

CWWSSIM

Complex-Wavelet Structural Similarity Index

DASH

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP

DCC

Data Compression Conference

DCT

Discrete Cosine Transform

DCTIF

Discrete Cosine Transform Interpolation Filters

DDCT

Directional Discrete Cosine Transform

DIP

Digital Image Processing

DMB

Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

DMVD

Decoder side Motion Vector Derivation

DPCM

DR


Differential Pulse Code Modulation

DIRAC (BBC)



DSC

Display stream compression

DSIS

Double Stimulus Impairment Scale

DSP

Digital Signal Processing

DST

Digital Sine Transform

DTV

Digital Television

DVB-H

Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld

EBU

European Broadcasting Unit

EC

Error Concealment

EE

EGK


Electrical Engineering

Exp. Golomb Kth order



EI

Electronic Imaging

EL

Enhancement Layer

ETRI

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute

EURASIP

European Association for Signal Processing

FDAM

Final Draft Amendment

FDIS

FF


Final Draft International Standard

File Format



FIR

Finite Impulse Response

FMO

Flexible Macroblock Ordering

FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array

fps

Frames per second

GPU

Graphics Processing Unit

HD

High Definition

HDR

High Dynamic Range

HDTV

High Definition Television

HE-AAC

HEIF


High efficiency advanced audio coder

High Efficiency Image File Format



HEVC

High efficiency video coding—the official MPEG name is ISO/IEC 23008-2 MPEG-H Part 2 and ITU-T name is ITU-T H.265

HEVStream

High Efficiency Video Stream

HHI

HLS


Heinrich Hertz Institute

High Level Syntax



HM

HEVC Test Model

HOR

Horizontal

HP

High Profile

HTTP

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

IASTED

International Association of Science and Technology for Development

ICASSP

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

ICCE

International Conference on Consumer Electronics

ICIEA

IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications

ICIP

International Conference on Image Processing

ICME

ICPC


International Conference on Multimedia and Expo

International Conference on Pervasive Computing



ICPR

IDR


International Conference on Pattern Recognition

Intra Decoding refresh



IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE

ILR


Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Inter Layer Interference



INTDCT

Integer Discrete Cosine Transform

intra HE

Intra high efficiency

IPTV

Internet Protocol Television

IS & T

Information Systems and Technology

ISCAS

International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

ISCCSP

International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing

ISDB-T

Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial

ISO

ISOBMFF


International Organization for Standardization

ISO Based Media File Format




ITU-T

IVC


Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union
Internet Video Coding

IVMSP

J2K


JLS

JND


Image, Video, and Multidimensional Signal Processing

JPEG 2000


JPEG-LS
Just Noticeable Distortion

JCTVC

Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding

JM

Joint Model

JMKTA

JM Key Technology Areas

JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPEG-XR

JPEG extended range

JSVM

Joint Scalable Video Model

JTC

Joint Technical Committee

JVCIR

Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation

JVT

JXR


JXT

Joint Video Team

JPEG-XR
JPEG- XT



KTA

LD

LDB



LDP

Key Technology Areas

Low Delay


Low Delay with B pictures
Low Delay with P pictures


LR

LS

L-SEABI



Low Resolution

Lossless (near lossless)

Low complexity back projected interpolation


M.S.

MANE


Masters

Media – Aware Network Element



Mbit/s

Megabit per second

MC

Motion Compensation

MDDCT

Modified Directional Discrete Cosine Transform

MDDT

Mode-Dependent Directional Transform

ME

Motion Estimation

MJPEG

Motion JPEG

MMSP

Multimedia Signal Processing

MOMS

Maximal-Order interpolation with Minimal Support

MOS

Mean Opinion Score

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group—the official ISO name is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/Working Group 11.

Mpixel

Megapixel

Mpm

MSP


Most Probable Modes

Main Still Profile



MV

MVC


Motion Vector

Multi View Coding



NAB

National Association of Broadcasters

NAL

Network Abstraction Layer

NGBT

Next Generation Broadcast Television

NGVC

NUH


Next Generation Video Coding

NAL Unit Header



NTT

OP

OSS



Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

Overview Papers


Open Source Software

PCM

Pulse Code Modulation

PCS

PPS


Professional Communication Society, Picture Coding Symposium

Picture Parameter Set



PSNR

Peak-to-peak signal to noise ratio

PU

PVC


Prediction Unit

Perceptual Video Coding



QP

RA
RADL

RASL


Quantizer parameter

Random Access


Random Access Decodable

Random Access Skipped



RD

Rate Distortion

RDOQ

Rate-distortion optimized quantization

RDPCM

RDH


RL

Residual Differential Pulse Code Modulation

Reversible Data Hiding

Reference Layer


ROI

Region of interest

ROT

Rotational Transform

RTP

RQT


Real-time Transport Protocol

Residual Quad Tree



SAO

Sample adaptive offset

SC

Sub Committee

SCC

SDR


SE

SEI


SELC

Screen Content Coding

Standard Dynamic Range

Subjective Evaluation

Sample based weighted prediction for Enhancement Layer Coding

Supplemental Enhancement Information


SG

Study Group

SHV

Super Hi-Vision

SHVC

SI

SIMD



SIP

SMPTE


SoC

SHV


Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding

Switching I

Single Instruction Multiple data

Signal and Image Processing



Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

System on Chip

Super Hi- Vision


SHVC

Scalable HEVC

SP

Switching P

SPA

SPL


Spl H

Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications

Special


Special Issues on HEVC

SPIE

SR


Society of Photo-Optical and Instrumentation Engineers

Super resolution



SSIM

Structural Similarity

SSST

Southeastern Symposium on System Theory

SSVC

Spatially Scalable Video Coding

SVC

Scalable Video Coding

TB

TE

TS



Transform Block

Tool Experiment

Test Sequence, Transport Stream


TENTM

Tandberg, Ericsson and Nokia test model

TMuC

TMVP


Test Model under Consideration

Temporal Motion vector Prediction



TSA

Temporal Sub-layer Access

TU

Tut


Transform Unit

Tutorial


TX

Texas

TZSearch

Test Zone Search

UHD

Ultra High Definition

UHDTV

Ultra High Definition Television

UTA

University of Texas at Arlington

VC

VCB


Video Coding

Video Coding for Browsers



VCEG

Visual Coding Experts Group-he official ITU name is ITU-T/SG 16/Q.6- t

VCIP

Visual Communications and Image Processing

VCIR

Visual Communication and Image Representation

VER

Vertical

VESA

Video Electronics Standards Association

ViMSSIM

Video modified Structural Similarity

VLSI

VPS


Very Large Scale Integrated circuit

Video Parameter Set



VQEB

Video Quality Expert Group

VSB

VUI


Vestigial Sideband

Video Usability Information



WCG

Wide Color Gamut

WD

Working Draft

WG

Working group

WQVGA

WVC


WVGA


Wide Quarter Video Graphics Array

Web Video Coding

Wide Video Graphics Array








YCbCr


Y is the Brightness (luma), Cb is blue minus luma (B-Y) and Cr is red minus luma (R-Y)




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