Ylva Ekström PhD candidate / lecturer Media & Communication Studies



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Ylva Ekström PhD candidate / lecturer

  • Media & Communication Studies

  • Department of Information Science

  • Uppsala University


Today

  • My PhD

  • My emerging plans for a future study



“We Are Like Chameleons”

    • Popular Culture, Media and Different Modes of Femininity in Early 21st Century Dar es Salaam




Fred Halla’s cartoon summarizes overarching themes of my thesis

  • how popular media culture (in a very broad sense) is intertwined into contemporary urban culture in Tanzania,

  • (2) that ‘modern’ female identities are articulated at the intersection of mediated and lived experience,

  • (3) and at the intersection of such power dimensions as gender, generation, class, ethnicity and sexuality,

  • (4) changing ideals and attitudes in society concerning the performance of femininity,

  • (5) the continuous discursive reproduction of different binary oppositions, such as male – female, modern – traditional, urban – rural, global – local, Western – African, in popular (political) discourse.



Analysis of…

  • interviews, focus groups, informal discussions, observations, essays, diaries, photos of a particular group of female upper secondary school students in Dar es Salaam

  • a broad variety of media ’texts’ / narratives (news articles, music videos, song lyrics, ads, magazines, tv shows, and ’media events’ such as beauty contests)

  • interviews with different media professionals



The ‘modern’ woman subject positions herself, above all, in relation to those Other(s) that:

  • - “live under the law of tradition”

  • - “lived back in the years (miaka ya nyuma)”

  • - “are uneducated”

  • - “look like Miss Bantu” (namba nane body)

  • - “just want to be house-mothers (mama wa nyumbani)”

  • - is separated from bys through gendered space, place and duties



For a ’modern’ woman…

  • - ”education is a way to escape tradition” (school uniform as a symbol)

  • - independence is the goal (husband not necessary)

  • - the city is the place to live (as a dada wa mjini)

  • - kanga in the streets is unthinkable

  • - Miss Tanzania is a role-model (demu ya kimobitel, privileged femininities)

  • - a mobile phone is a necessity (at least in fantasy)

  • - mobility and connecting to the world is the dream

  • - needs to know certain modern female duties

  • - wants to become a mother, but not mama wa nyumbani



Wanawake na Maendeleo

  • W-I-D and G-A-D discourses reproduced and contested in popular political discourse



Different perspectives on ’modern’ women…

  • ’positive’ influenced by G-A-D perspective and popular discourses around globalisation etc

  • ’negative’ influenced by cultural imperialist fear, religious morality discourse, heritage from colonial gender segregation politics, and TANU’s disciplining of ‘the African woman’ (Operation Kijana)



Bongo Flava Culture

  • … and the ‘glocal’ formation of contemporary Tanzanian (youth) identities

  • … that is (truly) ‘globally’ influenced but ‘promoting’ the local (Tanzanian and African music, Kiswahili, Tanzanian celebrities, and politics)

  • … but still very urban focused/produced and consumers’ oriented



Faraway So Close

  • The clash between dream and reality

  • The weaving of mediated dreams

  • Imagination as a social practice (Appadurai 1996)

  • Knowledge of media discourse as cultural capital



Mobile phones and Internet

    • as symbols of status and mobility
    • and means of connecting and belonging to the global economy


to Ulaya and Nyu Yoku



to Hongkong, Isidingo or Bongo



Internet and the Tanzanian diaspora

  • the "glocal" formation of Bongo identities



Based on…

  • … experiences from PhD research, and continuous contacts with the young women

  • … my experience / observations of the Tanzanian (EA) community in Sweden, and their Internet practices

  • … inspiration from recent diaspora studies (for instance Mano & Willems 2008)



Online ethnography on…

  • JamiiForums

  • DarHotWire

  • BongoCelebrity

  • EastAfricanTube

  • Youtube

  • Facebook

  • Hi5



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