[]

ARTICLE IN PRESS

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Industrial Crops and Products

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrop

Industrial Crops and Products xxx (2017) xxx–xxx

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of Flourensia microphylla on HT-29 colon cancer cells

D. Jasso de Rodríguez^a,∗, D.A. Carrillo-Lomelí^a, N.E. Rocha-Guzmán^b,

M.R. Moreno-Jiménez^b, R. Rodríguez-García^a, M.L.V. Díaz-Jiménez^c, M.L. Flores-López^a,

J.A. Villarreal-Quintanilla<sup>a

a</sup> Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Col. Buenavista, CP 25315 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

^b Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Col. Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Mexico

^c Cinvestav-Saltillo Carretera Saltillo-Monterrey, Km 13, CP 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received 17 January 2017

Received in revised form 20 March 2017 Accepted 22 March 2017

Available online xxx

Keywords:

Flourensia microphylla

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

Apoptotic Anticancer

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer types, causing major health problems worldwide. In Mexico, colon cancer occupies the third place on incidence among all cancer types. Flourensia species have been used in traditional medicine, and recently, these have been studied due to their biological prop- erties such antibacterial and antifungal. Therefore, the aims of this work were to study the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects of two extracts (ethanol and acetone) of Flourensia microphylla. The leaves of F. microphylla were collected in the wild site (25^◦07¹13¹¹ N latitude and 101^◦07¹24¹¹ W longi- tude, 2383 maslaltitude) at Southeastof Coahuila, Mexico. Thephenolic contentandantioxidant activity weredeterminedinethanolandacetone extracts. Chemicalcomposition wasanalyzedwith LC–MS/MS

and GC–MS. Cellular viability were analyze by 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,-dephenyl-2 tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and evaluated on HT-29 cells. Western blot assay was carried out to measure the inflammatorymarkersexpression andapoptotic assaywasconducted withahumanapoptosis antibody array. Results showed that F. microphylla extracts are a great source of phenolic compounds withantiox- idant activity. Acetone extract presented anti-inflammatory effect due to the inhibition of interleukin 8 (IL-8). Also, acetone extract showed activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by the increment of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Ethanol extract activated the extrinsic pathway as the expression of the TNF fam- ily proteins, such as Fas and TRAIL, was observed. Both extracts demonstrated apoptotic activity by the expression of caspase 3 (Cas-3), the initiator caspase of apoptosis. Thus, F. microphylla extracts can be a potential natural alternative to prevent colon cancer.

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
Cancer is a genetic disease resulting from dynamic changes that involves the transformation of a normal cell to a malignant, which begins to grow uncontrollably invading organs (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000). Nowadays, cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world (Bayala et al., 2014); among which, colon cancer is the most important public health problem (Altobelli et al., 2014). In Mexico, colon cancer ranks third place on incidence with 4656 and 3995 reported cases in men and women, respectively (World Health Organization, 2014).

^∗ Corresponding author.

E-mail address: [e-mail] (D. Jasso de Rodríguez).

Theimportant role that inflammationplays on the development and progression of cancer has been widely reported (Candido and Hagemann, 2013; Elinav et al., 2013). Inflammation is a biologi- cal process of defense and repair by the human’s immune system. This allows to protect an organism against noxious agents such as pathogens, toxins, and damaged cells (Jungbauer and Medjakovic, 2012). But, the deregulation of this immune system’ component (e.g. chronic inflammation) predisposes the organism to diverse cancer types (Colotta et al., 2009). In fact, the chronic inflamma- tory bowel disease has been known in the past as ulcerative colitis, a risk factor for colon cancer development (Grivennikov, 2013).

Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by the control of the cell autodigestion; it is regulated by molecular mechanisms that activate astereotyped program causing cell death (Manosroi et al., 2012). But cancer cells apoptosis mechanism is blockedallowingthecancercellstomultiplyindefinetily.Apoptosis

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.03.034 0926-6690/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Please cite this article in press as: Jasso de Rodríguez, D., et al., Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of Flourensia microphylla on HT-29 colon cancer cells. Ind. Crops Prod. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.03.034

J Biol Inorg Chem

ORIGINAL PAPER

DOI 10.1007/s00775-016-1416-1

Theoretical insights into [NiFe] hydrogenases oxidation resulting in a slowly reactivating inactive state
Raffaella Breglia¹ · Manuel Antonio Ruiz Rodriguez² · Alessandro Vitriolo³ · Rubén Francisco Gonzàlez Laredo² · Luca De Gioia³ · Claudio Greco¹ · Maurizio Bruschi¹

Received: 29 July 2016 / Accepted: 9 November 2016

© SBIC 2016



Abstract [NiFe]-hydrogenases catalyse the relevant H_{2 →} 2H⁺ ₊ 2e⁻ reaction. Aerobic oxidation or anaero- bic oxidation of this enzyme yields two inactive states

called Ni-A and Ni-B. These states differ for the reactiva- tion kinetics which are slower for Ni-A than Ni-B. While there is a general consensus on the structure of Ni-B, the nature of Ni-A is still controversial. Indeed, several crys- tallographic structures assigned to the Ni-A state have been proposed, which, however, differ for the nature of the bridging ligand and for the presence of modified cysteine residues. The spectroscopic characterization of Ni-A has been of little help due to small differences of calculated spectroscopic parameters, which does not allow to dis- criminate among the various forms proposed for Ni-A. Here, we report a DFT investigation on the nature of the Ni-A state, based on systematic explorations of confor- mational and configurational space relying on accurate energy calculations, and on comparisons of theoretical geometries with the X-ray structures currently available.

The results presented in this work show that, among all plausible isomers featuring various protonation patterns and oxygenic ligands, the one corresponding to the crys- tallographic structure recently reported by Volbeda et al. (J Biol Inorg Chem 20:11–22, 19)—featuring a bridging hydroxide ligand and the sulphur atom of Cys64 oxidized to bridging sulfenate—is the most stable. However, iso- mers with cysteine residues oxidized to terminal sulfenate are very close in energy, and modifications in the network of H-bond with neighbouring residues may alter the stabil- ity order of such species.
Keywords [NiFe]-hydrogenase · Oxidative inactivation · Ni-A state · Protein S-sulfenation · Density functional theory

Introduction
Hydrogenases are enzymes involved in the metabolism of

dihydrogen, and are expressed by several eukaryotic and

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00775-016-1416-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Maurizio Bruschi [e-mail]
¹ Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy

² Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador Ote, Durango, Mexico

³ Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy

prokaryotic microorganisms. In particular, two hydroge- nases classes—the [NiFe] and [FeFe]-hydrogenases—are able to catalyse the reversible oxidation of H₂, following the reaction [1–4]:

^H2 ^{→ 2H+ + 2e−.}

[NiFe]-hydrogenases represent the most widespread hydrogenase class in Nature; this fact, as well as the very interesting reactivity promoted by such enzymes, has led researchers to spend increasing efforts in the study of [NiFe]-hydrogenases. In particular, the development of green-chemistry approaches for the evolution of molecu- lar hydrogen would enable to employ H₂ as a clean energy

carrier.

13

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Industrial Crops & Products

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrop

Industrial Crops & Products xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx

Hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects of Psacalium paucicapitatum

corms infusions

D. Jasso De Rodríguez^a,⁎, L.C. García-Hernández^a, N.E. Rocha-Guzmán^b, M.R. Moreno-Jiménez^b,

R. Rodríguez-García^a, M.L.V. Díaz-Jiménez^c, M.L. Flores-López^a, J.A. Villarreal-Quintanilla^a,

F.M. Peña-Ramos^a, D.A. Carrillo-Lomelí^a

^a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Col. Buenavista, CP 25315 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

^b Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Col. Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Durango, Mexico

^c Cinvestav-Saltillo, Carretera Saltillo-Monterrey Km 13, CP 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico


A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:

Psacalium paucicapitatum

Hypoglycemic

Anti-inflammatory effect Diabetes Fructooligosaccharides

A B S T R A C T

Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem worldwide. This disease is characterized by the hyperglycemia normally accompanied by obesity. Several studies indicated the relation between low-grade inflammation and diabetes. Psacalium paucicapitatum [(B.L. Rob. & Greenm.) H. Rob. & Brettell], is an endemic plant of Mexico used in traditional medicine to control diabetes. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro, and the hypoglycemic effect in vivo of infusions of P. paucicapitatum corms. The plants were collected at two sites of Ixtlán de Juárez at Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico: Cuachirindoó and Rancho Texas. The phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. Chemical composition was carried out by LC–MS/MS. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated on HT-29 cells by 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,-diphenyl- 2 tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inflammation markers were measured by Western blot technique and the hypoglycemic effect was assessed by the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT). The results evidenced the anti- inflammatory effect of P. paucicapitatum on HT-29 cells and its hypoglycemic effect in mice C57BL/6. These activities can be attributed to the fructooligosaccharides found in the corms of the plant. P. paucicapitatum corms infusions can be a potential natural alternative to the treatment of diabetes and inflammatory disorders.

1. Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which incidence is growing in the world, with 336 million cases reported, and it is expected that by 2030 the number will be increased to 552 million, in both developing and developed countries (Schwandt, 2012). The DM affects a large proportion of adults in Mexico, as it was the leading cause of death in 2012 with 14.5% (87600 deceased) and it is estimated that by 2025, 11.7 million Mexicans will be diagnosed with DM (World Health Organization, 2015).

The main characteristic of DM is the hyperglycemia, that results from defects in the insulin secretion or its action (Patel et al., 2012). Diabetes is classified in two types: type-1 diabetes (DM1) that is insulin dependent and results from the destruction of pancreatic islet-cell, usually presented in childhood or in adolescence (Ashcroft and Rorsman, 2012); and type 2 diabetes (DM2) characterized by insulin resistance and obesity, usually presented in adulthood (Stumvoll et al., 2005).

Several studies have indicated the association of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation with the development of obesity and DM2 (Zozulinska and Wierusz-Wysocka, 2006). The inflammation can be activated on an altered metabolic context, which it is produced by several pro-inflammatory cytokines markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL) in DM2 (Fève and Bastard, 2012; Sun et al., 2012). Also, Duncan et al. (2003) reported that the inflammatory markers: sialic acid, orosomucoid, IL-6, and protein c- reactive, are related with the development of DM2, being predicted its incidence by the occurrence of a low-grade inflammation.

Plant extracts have traditionally been used as infusions for the control of DM in Mexico, highlighting the species of the genus Psacalium (Family Asteraceae, Tribe Senecioneae) (Jimenez-Estrada et al., 2006; Alarcon-Aguilar et al., 2010). The root decoction of P. decompositum has showed hypoglycemic activity associated to the presence of cacalol, cacalone, maturin, alcaloids and sugars (Alarcon-Aguilar et al., 1997). Merino-Aguilar et al. (2014), reported the decreasing of cholesterol, triglycerides and also, a significant reduction of inflammatory cytokines

^⁎ Corresponding author.

E-mail address: [e-mail] (D.J. De Rodríguez).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.022

Received 30 January 2017; Received in revised form 7 April 2017; Accepted 13 April 2017

0926-6690/ © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Please cite this article as: RODRÍGUEZ, D.J.D., Industrial Crops & Products (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.022

EXCLI Journal 2016;15:758-771 – ISSN 1611-2156

Received: September 14, 2016, accepted: October 30, 2016, published: November 30, 2016
Review article:

LUPANE-TYPE TRITERPENES AND THEIR ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITIES AGAINST MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMORS: A REVIEW
MH Cháirez-Ramírez, MR Moreno-Jiménez, RF González-Laredo, JA Gallegos-Infante, NE Rocha-Guzmán*
Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Col Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., México
* corresponding author: Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán

Laboratory of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UPIDET), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Dgo., México. E-mail: [e-mail]; [e-mail]; Tel: + 52 (618) 8186936 ext 112; + 52 (618) 8185402

ext 112

http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2016-642
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
ABSTRACT

In recent times, a great deal of interest has been motivated on plant derived compounds known as nutraceuticals. These compounds exert important beneficial activities that improve people’s health status when are consumed regularly, and now they appear as a viable option to explore their possible therapeutic effects against diseases like cancer. Particularly, lupane-type triterpenes have shown great ability to modulate multiple cancer-related signaling pathways and processes, including NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and many other routes related to proliferation or cell death, which are uncontrolled in malignant tumors. These investigations have promoted in vitro and in vivo studies, searching their mechanisms of action; although more research is still need- ed to prove its potential in human clinical trials. This review focuses on the ability of betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol to show benefits against the most common types of malignant tumors, which are considered a major glob- al threat for public health.

Keywords: lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, cancer, signaling pathway


INTRODUCTION

In present times, non-communicable chronic diseases are responsible for about 63 % of deaths worldwide. This group in- cludes diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascu- lar diseases (CVD), chronic respiratory dis- eases (CRD) and cancer, being responsible for approximately 38 million of deaths per

year; 75 % of these deaths (28 million) occur commonly in third world countries.

Cancer is a generic term that comprises a large number of diseases that affect distinct parts of the human body. It is characterised by uncontrolled cell growth, and is capable to disseminate to different tissues from where it was originated (metastasis), leading to people´s death. Cancer is responsible for

758

r


o

Journal of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics

Díaz Rivas et al., J Chem Biol Ther 2016, 1:2

^{Review Article} Open Access

Gastroprotective Activities of Buddleja scordioides-Role of Polyphenols against Inflammation

Díaz Rivas JO, Rocha Guzmán NE, Gallegos Infante JA^*, Moreno Jiménez MR and González Laredo RF

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ings, UPIDET, Durango, Mexico

^*Corresponding author: Gallegos Infante JA, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ings, Durango Institute of Technology, UPIDET, Durango, Mexico, Tel: [phone]; E-mail: [e-mail]

Received date: Jun 13, 2016; Accepted date: Aug 25, 2016; Published date: Aug 29, 2016

Copyright: © 2016 Díaz Rivas JO, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Abstract
Medicinal plants show great interest today because of its multiple physiological effects. They contain a diversity of chemical compounds, phytochemicals, with demonstrated important biological activities. Buddleja scordioides Kunth is a plant that shows a wealth of important phytochemicals, which could contribute towards the prevention of various health problems such as gastrointestinal disorders. The main causes of gastrointestinal pathology are mediated by inflammatory processes caused by several factors. B. scordioides HBK (KUNTH) is commonly used for the treatment of diarrhea and stomach pain (colic). Several studies shown presence of flavonoids such as rutin, quercetin and quercetrin and kaempferol (also found in Buddleja genus). Other isolated compounds include some hidroxicinnamic and hidroxibenzoic acids, verbascosides, siringin, some iridoids, sesquiterpenes and fenilpropanoids. All of them related with anti-inflammatory activity. The present review is an opinion of the state of art anti-inflammatory activity of B. scordioides and gastrointestinal disorders.

Keywords: Anti-Inflammation Buddleja scordioides; Gastroprotection; Phytochemicals
Introduction

Medicinal plants show great interest today because of its multiple physiological effects The contain a diversity of chemical compounds, phytochemicals, with demonstrated important biological activities. Thes compounds are produced by the secondary metabolism of plants, which have evolved from differen biotic or abiotic factors, and usedbytheplant fordefense or survival. However, multiple studies on these compounds have provenbeneficia tohumanhealth [1].

Phytochemicals have multiple properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory which can be used as a preventive means to protect against the development of health problems. The may interact with molecules that can inhibit the genesis of this type of pathologies or conversely, interact with biomarkers that enhance the protective capabilities of the organism.

Medicinal properties of many plants are mainly attributed to the presence of flavonoids but these effect may also be promoted by other organic and inorganic compounds such as coumarins, alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, antioxidant phenolic acids and micronutrients, for example, Cu, Mn and Zn. Buddleja scordioides Kunth is a plant that shows a wealth of important phytochemicals, which could contribute towards the prevention of various health problems such as gastrointestinal disorders. Nowadays these diseases have been considered a health problem around the world due to its high incidence.

Gastrointestinal disease and inflammatory response

Gastrointestinal diseases are one of the most common health problems that affec people of all ages and social condition, although the most vulnerable groups are children and the elders.

In Mexico in 2008, the incidence of ulcers, gastritis and duodenitis were larger than the states of Nayarit, Tabasco and Durango (3396.11, 3212.11 and 2193.78 cases per 100,000 population, respectively) [2]. In general, these problems are associated with inflammator processes, which are part of a non-specifi response of tissues that occurs in reaction to any type of injury, which is an immune response to pathogens, damaged, irritating cells, etc. [3].

Th main symptoms of inflammator processes are: Redness, heat, pain and tumor and also these symptoms can cause high cellular metabolism, vasodilatation, and high blood flo [4]. In some diseases the inflammatio process under normal conditions is restrictive; it becomes chronic dysfunctions that develop subsequently. In inflammator processes, it can be distinguished two steps of inflammation 1) Acute inflammatio that is the immediate response to vascular changes, where widespread effect of inflammatio mediators cause pain, heat and swelling; these symptoms are usually short-lived. 2) Chronic inflammatio is self-prolonged that and can last for weeks, months andeven years, and canbedeveloped as aresult ofrecurrent or progressive acuteinflammatio [5].

Th main causes of gastrointestinal pathology are mediated by inflammator processes caused by invading microorganisms ingested in the diet, use of medications that hurt the mucosa such as non- steroidal anti-inflammator drugs (NSAIDs), milk and dairy fats, alcohol, stress and nervousness are responsible for many digestive disorders [6]. Thei presence of symptoms is varied, may include stomach or abdominal pain accompanied by cramps, diarrhoea, dehydration, abdominal bloating, increased intestinal gas, lawn blood, fever, tires, loss of appetite and weight loss, weakness and constipation, among others [7].

Once developed an inflammator process focused on the gastrointestinal tract, the mucosa in charge of maintenance and integrity causing activation of immune cells, which begin to produce differen proteins (cytokines) by expressing differen molecules in

JChem Biol Ther anopen access journal Volume 1 • Issue 2 • 1000109

C.I. GAMBOA-GÓMEZ et al.: ACE Inhibition of Kombucha-Fermented Infusions, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 54 (3) 367–374 (2016) 367
ISSN 1330-9862 preliminary communication

doi: 10.17113/ftb.54.03.16.4622

Antioxidant and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Litsea glaucescens Infusions Fermented with Kombucha Consortium
Claudia I. Gamboa-Gómez¹, Rubén F. González-Laredo¹, José Alberto Gallegos-Infante¹, Mª del Mar Larrosa Pérez², Martha R. Moreno-Jiménez¹, Ana G. Flores-Rueda¹ and

Nuria E. Rocha-Guzmán<sup>1*

1</sup>Durango Institute of Technology, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., MX-34080 Durango, Durango, Mexico

²European University of Madrid, Calle Tajo, s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, ES-28670 Madrid, Spain

Received: January 26, 2016

Accepted: May 11, 2016
Summary

Physicochemical properties, consumer acceptance, antioxidant and angiotensin-con- verting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of infusions and fermented beverages of Euca- lyptus camaldulensis and Litsea glaucescens were compared. Among physicochemical param- eters, only the pH of fermented beverages decreased compared with the unfermented infusions. No relevant changes were reported in consumer preference between infusions and fermented beverages. Phenolic profile measured by UPLC MS/MS analysis demonstrat- ed significant concentration changes of these compounds in plant infusions and fermented beverages. Fermentation induced a decrease in the concentration required to stabilize 50 % of DPPH radical (i.e. lower IC₅₀). Additionally, it enhanced the antioxidant activity mea- sured by the nitric oxide scavenging assay (14 % of E. camaldulensis and 49 % of L. glauce- scens); whereas relevant improvements in the fermented beverage were not observed in the lipid oxidation assay compared with unfermented infusions. The same behaviour was ob- served in the inhibitory activity of ACE; however, both infusions and fermented beverages had lower IC₅₀ than positive control (captopril). The present study demonstrated that fer- mentation has an influence on the concentration of phenolics and their potential bioactivity.

E. camaldulensis and L. glaucescens can be considered as natural sources of biocompounds with antihypertensive potential used either as infusions or fermented beverages.
Key words: herbal infusions, fermented beverages, kombucha, antioxidant activity, polyphe- nols


Introduction

In recent years, the consumption of herbal infusions around the world has increased due to their beneficial health effects. These beverages are prepared by placing a small amount of the selected plant material in freshly boiled water, allowing the preparation to steep for a short period of time (1). Although herbal infusions do not have any particular nutritional value, they represent an impor-

tant source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. It has been shown that these compounds can act by di- verse mechanisms providing significant protection against chronic diseases (2). For example, the consumption of some herbal polyphenols with antioxidant activity may regulate hypertension through inhibition of the angio- tensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key component in the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system which regulates blood pressure (3).

*Corresponding author: Phone: [phone] Ext. 112; E-mail: [e-mail]

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies
journal homepage: www. elsevier. com/ locate/ ifset

Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 34 (2016) 171–179

Effect of pulsed electric field (PEF)-treated kombucha analogues from

Quercus obtusata infusions on bioactives and microorganisms

D. Vazquez-Cabral ^a, A. Valdez-Fragoso ^b, N.E. Rocha-Guzman ^a,⁎, M.R. Moreno-Jimenez ^a,

R.F. Gonzalez-Laredo ^a, P.S. Morales-Martinez ^a, J.A. Rojas-Contreras ^a, H. Mujica-Paz ^c, J.A. Gallegos-Infante ^a,⁎

^a Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Col. Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Mexico

^b Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col. Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico

^c Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col. Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico


a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:

Received 4 November 2015

Received in revised form 12 January 2016 Accepted 25 January 2016

Available online 12 February 2016

Keywords: Flavonoids Topic: Kombucha Oak leaves

Pulse electric fields Functional beverages Phenolic

a b s t r a c t
Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a promising non-thermal food preservation technology. The objective was to study inactivation of yeasts in PEF-treated kombucha analogues prepared from Quercus obtusata infusions. Fermentation conditions of infusions from Q. obtusata were time (7 days), sugar (10%), starting culture (10%), and inoculum (2.5%, at 25 °C). The PEF treatment considered using square waves, an electric field strength (37.3–53.4 kV/cm), PEF processing time (445.3–1979.2 μs), an output temperature (18.31 ± 0.98 °C), an input energy (21.2 -

136.5 KJ/L), and two feed flow rates (51.42 and 102.85 L/h). pH, °Brix, color determinations, microbiological testing, total phenolic, flavonoidcontent, DPPH test, and UPLC/ESI/MS/MSanalysiswere done. No changes at different PEF conditions were observed for pH and °Brix. Higher color changes were observed at higher specific energies. Acid- acetic bacteria were more sensitive to PEF than yeasts. Lower specific energies render products with higher polyphe- nolic content and antioxidant capacity. Industrial relevance: Pulse electric field is an interesting alternative to preserve kombucha analogues from oak leave infusions with minimal changes in physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds. The present work describes the effect of feed flow and specific energy on the several characteristics of fermented beverages, determining conditions for best processing.

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
Thermal treatments are effective on enzyme inactivation and microbi- ological control. However, they imply an important loss of nutrients and phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds (Manzocco, Mastrocola, & Nicoli, 1998), although several reports have claimed opposite results (Manzocco, Anese, & Nicoli, 1998; Nicoli, Anese, Parpinel, Franceschi, & Lerici, 1997).

The conventional way to determine the efficiency of a thermal process is based on the assumption that survival curves of microbial cells and bacterial spores are governed by a first-order kinetic law (Mafart, Couvert, Gaillard, & Leguerinel, 2002). As a complement to or replacement of traditional thermal pasteurization, pulsed electric field (PEF) is a promising non-thermal food preservation technology (Toepfl, Heinz, & Knorr, 2007). Several investigations have been performed in various fruit juices to evaluate microbial resistance to PEF treatments (Raso, Calderón, Góngora, Barbosa-Cánovas, & Swanson, 1998a, 1998b; Timmermans et al., 2013). Wouters, Alvarez, & Raso

* Corresponding authors.

E-mail addresses: [e-mail] (N.E. Rocha-Guzman), [e-mail] (J.A. Gallegos-Infante).

(2001) indicate that the main process parameters that affect microbial inactivation by PEF are electric field strength, pulse length, pulse shape, number of pulses, and start temperature (MacGregor, Farish, Fouracre, Rowan, & Anderson, 2000). Also, type of microorganism, species, strains, size and shape are related with the efficiency of PEF to inactivate micro- organisms (Wouters et al., 2001).

Electric field strength and treatment time are the most studied pa- rameters related with microbial inactivation by PEF. The main process parameters that affect microbial inactivation by PEF are electric field strength, pulse length, pulse shape, number of pulses, and starting tem- perature (Barbosa-Canovas, Pothakamury, Gongora-Nieto, & Swanson, 1999; Saldaña, Álvarez, Condón, & Raso, 2014; Siemer, Toepfl, & Heinz, 2014). In general, increasing the intensity of these factors enhances microbial inactivation; however, their relationship with the survival fraction is unclear (Wouters et al., 2001). Not only process parameters are important, but also product parameters are significant too.

PEF treatment has been applied to a range of different products as fruit juices, milk, liquid eggs, and dry herbs (Barba et al., 2015). Also the influence of pH and conductivity has been studied by several groups. Wouters et al. (2001) found that a change in the medium conductivity affected the pulse energy; Vega-Mercado, Pothakamury, Chang, Barbosa-Cánovas, & Swanson (1996), concluded that it is better to

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2016.01.018

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Effect of chemical stress on germination of cv Dalia bean (Phaseolus vularis L) as an alternative to increase antioxidant and...
Article in Food Chemistry · May 2016

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.110

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Ramón Guevara-Gonzalez Autonomous University of Queretaro

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Eduardo Castaño-Tostado Autonomous University of Queretaro

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Edmundo Mercado-Silva Autonomous University of Queretaro

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Nuria Rocha

Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD)

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Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
identification of secondary metabolites invarious plantsbothgreenhouse levelasnative plants View project
Phenotypicand Molecular Study on Transgenic Tobaccoto Cchglp( a Mn-SOD) genefrom Capsicum chinense View project

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Madera y Bosques 15(3), 2009: 87-105 87

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