Ecological Indicators 122 (2021) 107218
17
sub-indexing technique and the weighting of parameters (
Juwana et al.,
2016; Sutadian et al., 2016
). The key sources of WQI system eclipses and
uncertainty are shown in
Table 8
. The aggregation function has been
shown to be a major source of uncertainty (
Smith, 1990
). Functional
uncertainty of the WQI model aggregation was illustrated by Smith
(
Fig. 7
).
Juwana et al. (2016)
analyzed the uncertainty and sensitivity of
different aggregation functions that applied different weight schemes
and found that the final index values were most sensitive to the aggre-
gation function (arithmetic and geometric) used. Several studies have
been carried out to identify the sources of uncertainty and to quantify
uncertainty. Such studies have used a range of statistical approaches to
eliminate ambiguity in parameter selection processes such as correlation
analysis, main component analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant
analysis. Some WQI models used expert opinion to mitigate uncertainty
in the selection and weighting process of the parameters.
Juwana et al.
(2016)
used the Monte Carlo Simulation method for the coefficient of
variation and correlation to estimate the uncertainty and sensitivity of
the various aggregation functions. Designing a WQI model should
involve defining and quantifying uncertainty so that the final WQI scores
can be treated with confidence and used to take proper initiative in
water resource management and maintain its good health.
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