Ecological Indicators 122 (2021) 107218
2
concentrations are converted to a single-value dimensionless sub-index.
Third, the weighting factor for each water quality parameter is deter-
mined and fourth, a final single value water quality index is calculated by
an aggregation function using the sub-indices and weighting factors for all
water quality parameters. Many different WQI models have been devel-
oped with variations in model structure, the parameters included and
their associated weightings, and the methods used for sub-indexing and
aggregation (
Debels et al., 2005; Jha et al., 2015; Kannel et al., 2007; Sun
et al., 2016
). Most of the WQI model components have been developed
based on expert views and local guidelines (
Hsu and Sandford, 2007;
Sutadian et al., 2016
) and many models are therefore region-specific.
Many researchers refer to the uncertainty problems of WQI models
(
Kannelet al., 2007
). While uncertainty is an unavoidable in any mathe-
matical model (
Lowe et al., 2017
), all four stages of the WQI can
contribute to the model uncertainty.
The primary aim of this paper was to critically review the most
commonly used WQI models and determine which were the most ac-
curate. This involved a review of 110 published manuscripts from which
we identified 21 WQI models used globally (see
Fig. 1
), which were then
individually and comparatively assessed. The review identified seven
basic WQI models from which most other WQI models have been
developed; these were subjected to a more thorough critical analysis.
Section 2
of the paper presents a brief history of WQI model develop-
ment.
Section 3
presents an overview of the basic structure of WQI
models and describes in detail the four major structural elements of most
models, namely, (1) parameterisation, (2) parameter sub-indexing, (3)
parameter weighting and (4) index aggregation.
Section 4
describes the
seven primary WQI models in detail while Section 5 presents and dis-
cusses the major findings of the review. Finally, Section 7 presents the
main conclusions from the research.
Dostları ilə paylaş: