About their problems. They try to find answers for their problems together. For example
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SINGLE 'ROOMS A supplementary charge should be paid for single room accommodation. This extra payment is £9.50 per person per night. Passengers travelling alone who request shared accommodation in a twin-bedded room should indicate this request on the booking form. If no one is available for shared accommodation until the date of travel the extra payment will be £4.75 per night only and we will allocate single accommodation. VISAS For a holiday in Russia, you will need a valid passport and a Russian tourist visa, which is obtainable through us. The visa is a separate document and no stamps or entries are made in your passport. We are authorised by the Consulate of Russia in London to obtain tourist visas for our customers. Our visa service fee of £4 per visa includes our special daily service to the Russian Consulate, clerical work and delivery of your visa. The following documents are required to obtain your visa: a) 3 identical passport-size photographs, affixed to passport and application form. b) Clear photocopies of the first 5 pages of your passport. c) Visa application form properly filled in and signed. Important: Do not send us your passport or any request for a visa until we provide you with the visa application form and detailed instructions. REFUNDS & COMPLAINTS No refunds can be considered under any conditions, i.e. repayment is not possible if passengers are unable to travel. Any complaints while travelling can be made immediately to the local Intourist branch, hotel management, service bureau or to your Intourist guide. We shall do our best to settle any problem to your satisfaction.
141 THE CONSUMER SOCIETY Everyone wants the best for a baby. A mother wants her baby to have the best in the way of food, toilet preparations (baby lotions, etc.), clothing and equipment. Most of the time she fails to use her common-sense when it comes to buying for a baby, especially the first one. Far more is spent on buying prams, push-chairs, special milk, and special powders and lotions for small babies than is necessary. Manufacturers and advertisers recognise this, and exploit it to the full. They take advantage of this weakness of a mother and in this way try to increase their sales as much as possible. The child himself watches television, a particularly strong influence on small children. He finds television commercials and children's programmes equally attractive and is affected by the suggestions and guidance of both. Early in life the child begins to feel that if something is said on television it must be true. For this reason, most Christmas present advertising, and advertising for sweets, cereals, food, washing powders, is geared to children because of the effect their repeated demands can have on their mothers. By exercising choice in this way, they become consumers at an early age and it is likely that choosing and buying goods and services will remain an important part of their future lives.
142 THE ELIZABETHAN GRAMMAR SCHOOL Schoolchildren have always grumbled about having to go to school, but they have an easy life today compared to their ancestors in Shakespeare's time. In those days, as the timetable for a typical Elizabetha grammar school indicates, children used to getup very early to be in their places in class in time for the first lesson at six o'clock. During the day they had three breaks, but altogether they spent over nine hours a day at their lessons, six days a week, including Saturdays, and had only one afternoon off for games. To us, it seems incredible that teachers found it necessary to justify the rest periods to parents, who often thought they were a waste of time! When they first went to school, children were taught to read, write and count. But in later years teachers used to devote almost all the time to two subjects, Latin and rhetoric, the an of self-expression in one's own language. Modern educationalists and today9s children would have been horrified by not only the monotony of the teaching method but also the competitive nature of the school and its discipline. Teachers encouraged children to arrive on time in the morning. When they arrived, the teacher would place the first students who came to class at the front seats and the last who came had to sit at the back of the class. But the children used to change places in the course of each day, because those who failed to answer a question were sent to the back. Discipline was a controversial subject among teachers, but the argument was not about whether children should be physically punished, as it has been in recent years, but about how often they should be beaten and for what reasons. We do not know for certain what Shakespeare, the most remarkable pupil of one of these schools, thought about the subject. In one of his plays, however, he has a Latin lesson, where the pupil, a small boy called William, shows more common-sense and imagination than the teacher. According to his friend, Ben Jonson, Shakespeare was not very good at Latin or Greek. Jonson does not say anything about Shakespeare's performance in rhetoric classes, but he must have been exceptional at rhetoric. Nevertheless, he would surely have been happier in a modern school, where children are encouraged to develop their gifts for self-expression, instead of learning all the names of the rhetorical techniques by heart.
Not only …..but also 143 ONE WOMAN'S RACE ACROSS ALASKA Although Susan Butcher was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, her love of the outdoors and dogs took her to Alaska in 1975. After three years of training a team of dogs, she entered the Iditarod - a 1,000-mile dog-sled race from Anchorage to Nome. She finished nineteenth, then ninth in 1979, and fifth in 1980 and 1981. In 1982, she was determined to win. This is what she wrote in her diary during the race: Tekla, my most experienced dog, is limping, too tired to go on. I know he has reached his limit. Tears roll down my cheeks. This dog, who led my team all the way in my first three Iditarods, who has saved my life more than once, now has to be left behind. A wrong turn in a heavy snowstorm the first day of the race has taken me 20 miles out of my way. The four hours lost in getting back on the trail (route) have put me far behind the front-runners. With only 11 of my original 15 dogs left, I start out again for Nome, still 938 miles away. In these first two days on the trail, I have had only four hours of sleep. After a 24-hour rest at Rohn and four hot meals, my determination td stay in the race is stronger than ever. The falling snow grows heavier, completely covering the trail, but I keep going. I catch up with the leaders, who have lost their way and are waiting for daylight. For four and a half days and 353 miles, we take turns in finding the way through the deep snow. At the village of Ruby, the weather improves, but only temporarily. The sky is clear, but the temperature drops to 45 degrees 'below zero as I start out alone down the frozen Yukon River. If I stay too long on the sled I risk serious frostbite. Jogging too long behind it can damage my lungs. So I alternate between running and riding the sled. A raging storm moves in, burying the trail. Those of us in the lead must work together again to break the trail. After 50 miles, we finde shelter for the night. Another day's travel brings us to Unalakleet. The weather ~ Winds rise to 60 miles an hour. Visibility drops to near zero. My eyelashes freeze shut and so do the eyelashes of my dogs. I stop often to clear their eyes and check their feete I reach Shaktoolik late that night with a frostbitten face. When I wake up the next morning, the winds are gustign up to 80 miles an hour, and the snowdrifts are 30 feet high. I wait for four days in the village before the storm ends. Only 231 miles to go, but all of them difficult. We push through the continuing storm. Seven lead teams are travelling close together. Another dog on my team must drop out, and I have just nine dogs left. Thirty miles to go. I am in fifth place behind Rick Swenson, Jerry Austin, Emmin Peters, and Ernie Baumgartner. The final push is on. I pass Ernie and pull away. I pass Ernmitt, but he stays right behind me. Only 22 miles now. "Go! Go! Go!" I shout to my dogs. I soon outdistance Emmitt and pass Jerry. My hopes brighten. But there's still Rick, barely visible in the distance. He beats us into Nome by 3 minutes and 43 seconds. The race has lasted 16 days. Now I have only one dream to go: to be Number One.
144 PHOBİAS fobiler Three people talk about their experiences of “phobias”. The phone rang at midnight. There was a frantic voice on the other end. “I know it’s late. But it’s urgent. Please come round.” My friend was standing miserably in the hallwa of her flat, pointing towards a closed door. “It’s in there, please do something, but be careful, it’s really large.” I opened the bathroom door carefully not knowing what to expect, and there was a peaceful little spider in her bath. "Going up in the lift doesn't worry me, but some of our offices have large windows and I feel as if the ground is coming up towards me, making me want to jump. I tried explaining my fear of height to another girl in the office, but she laughed at me and told me not to be so silly. I know it's silly but I can't help it. I'll do anything to avoid going into those offices - I even stayed at home once because I didn't want to go to a meeting in there." "I wasn't at all afraid of flying at that age, but I remember that it was a very bad flight. There was lots of turbulence; even the cabin crew were falling about. I was frightened for the whole journey. If I look up and see a plane and think about flying, my heart starts beating faster. When I'm actually on a plane, I feel sick and physically stop myself from standing up and screaming. The only way I can cope with it is to pretend it's not happening to me. I sit rigid, next to the aisle, staring at the seat in front. I can't look out of the window. I count the number of seats - anything to avoid acknowledging the fact that Itm flying. It's so unnatural to be thousands of metres up with all that open space around you.”
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